CN111183931A - Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper - Google Patents

Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper Download PDF

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CN111183931A
CN111183931A CN202010116527.6A CN202010116527A CN111183931A CN 111183931 A CN111183931 A CN 111183931A CN 202010116527 A CN202010116527 A CN 202010116527A CN 111183931 A CN111183931 A CN 111183931A
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parts
days
fry
pond
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蔡春有
蔡金泉
蔡有森
蔡建顺
黄春仁
李伟
蔡四川
蔡惠明
张国庆
蔡智怀
陈猛猛
吴光灿
陈艺斌
蔡艺新
王景宝
罗磊
李伟峰
刘赐福
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Hainan Chenhai Aquatic Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
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    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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    • C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • C05F1/005—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof from meat-wastes or from other wastes of animal origin, e.g. skins, hair, hoofs, feathers, blood
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention provides a high-efficiency outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper, which comprises the following steps: preparing before culturing, fertilizing, treating water quality, stocking fry and managing, wherein a pond is disinfected by a dry method and a wet method, seawater is prepared to meet the water quality requirement of the fry, the ecosystem of the pond is maintained, water quality management is regulated and controlled, and a good culturing environment is provided for the fry; the fry bred in different stages can provide proper initial feed, scientifically match with the artificial mixed feed additive rich in nutrition and stable ecological environment of the pond, and can greatly reduce the occurrence of black body diseases and air bubble diseases.

Description

Efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to an efficient method for artificially breeding grouper in an outdoor ecological pond.
Background
The epinephelus lanceolatus belongs to the families of Perciformes, Perciformes and Epinephelus subfamilies, is white and fresh in meat, rich in nutrition and high in price, belongs to the famous high-grade edible fishes, and is the economic variety with the greatest development prospect in fish culture in south China. In recent years, with the gradual breakthrough of grouper breeding and breeding technology, the introduction of more new hybrid varieties with fast growth and strong disease resistance enables the grouper breeding industry to develop rapidly, but in the prior grouper breeding process, diseases such as air pocket disease and black body disease are easily infected and occur in the juvenile fish stage and the juvenile fish stage, the body color of diseased fish becomes black, the appetite is reduced, the emergence rate is low, and the fry necrosis is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an efficient method for artificially breeding grouper in an outdoor ecological pond, and solves the problems.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting a perfect water inlet and drainage system with the area of 3-5 mu, the water depth of 2-4 m, the bottom of a sandy pond, and cleaning the pond by using quicklime, wherein the consumption of the quicklime for cleaning the pond by a dry method is 30-50 kg/mu, after drying for 2-5 days, cleaning the pond by a wet method is 60-100 kg/mu, then airing the pond for 5-10 days, injecting seawater, and filtering inlet water by using a silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding the wormcast and the blood meal into the compound biological bacteria for fermentation for 3-6 days, sterilizing, dissolving in water, dissolving, and sprinkling, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 1.7-3 kg/mu, the fertilizer application is performed for 1-3 times a day, and the fertilizer application is performed for 2-4 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 27.0-32.0 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the pH is 7.8-8.5, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.10-0.12 mg/L, and the transparency is 25-30 cm;
s4, fry stocking: the total length of the newly hatched fries is 1.8-2.0 mm, and the length is 1000-3000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with the small rotifers and copepods larvae 1-3 times in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 300-350/L, adding the small copepods adults with the bait in 12-20 days after the larvae are opened, wherein the initial addition is 10-30%, and the later gradual increase is 25-40%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, and 10-15 g/m of still water microbubble cultivation is put into2The chlorella is simultaneously changed with water, and the water change amount is 5-10%;
culturing the juvenile fishes: the fry reaches 14-18 mm at 21 days of age, large copepods and artificial feed additives are fed every day, the density of the large copepods is kept at 150-250/L, and fresh minced fish and shrimp with the copepods mass of 10-20% are added for domestication after 25 days of age; the water change amount of 21-30 days old is 15-20%, and 20-50 ml/mu of stress agent is sprinkled every 2-3 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.6: 1-4 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and adiantum pteropilus polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 30-50% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-29 parts of vitamin C, 22-39 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 10-33 parts of mustard powder, 11-25 parts of foxtail algae powder and 13-34 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>When the fish fry size is 26mm, fishing and moving the fish fry to a pond, feeding the fish fry with the artificial mixed feed additive for 4-6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the young fish, screening the fish fry before feeding the bait in the morning, screening the fish fry which is dead and poor in individual, changing the water amount to 20-30%, and controlling the water flow to be 0.9-1.8 m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-29 parts of vitamin C, 29-59 parts of dried scallop powder, 20-42 parts of quinoa wheat powder, 10-16 parts of tea saponin and 9-22 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder;
further, the inlet water in the step S1 is filtered by a 80-100-mesh bolting silk filter screen.
Further, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the composite biological bacteria to the flavobacterium brevicompactum, the lactobacillus plantarum and the bacillus anthracis is 1: 0.1-0.4: 0.3 to 0.6.
Further, in the step S2, the weight part ratio of the wormcast to the blood meal to the composite biological bacteria is 2-4: 1-3: 1.
Further, still water microbubble cultivation in the step S5, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 20-50 μm, the gas-water ratio is 1-3: 8 to 10.
Further, in the step S5, water is changed every 3-5 days during the fry rearing.
Further, in the step S5, water is changed every 4-6 days during the cultivation of the young fishes.
Further, in the step S5, water is changed every 10-15 days during the cultivation of the juvenile fish.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) according to the invention, the pond is disinfected by a dry-wet method through four steps of preparation before cultivation, fertilization, water quality treatment, fry stocking and cultivation management, seawater is prepared to provide the fry with a proper water quality requirement, and then water fertilization is carried out, wherein the wormcast and blood powder fermented by the compound microorganisms are fully splashed into the pond, so that the water quality stability is maintained, the ecological system of the pond is maintained, the water quality management is regulated and controlled, and a good cultivation environment is provided for the fry;
(2) in addition, in the three growth stages of the fry, each stage is carried out with disease resistance measures, living bait is adopted in the fry stage to promote the fry to eat, still water micro bubbles are used for cultivation, water is changed according to different ages of days, and a large amount of necrosis caused by the change period in the fry stage is avoided; the feeding frequency is controlled in the juvenile fish period, the artificial matched feed, the sprinkling of the stress agent and the water flow management are combined, the physique of the juvenile fish is fully enhanced, and the symptom of the fry black body disease is avoided; in the juvenile fish period, the feeding times are increased, the artificial matched feed is added, the water changing amount is 100 percent, the water flow is controlled, the fry is stimulated, and in the whole fry breeding process, the invention provides proper initial feed, scientifically matches the artificial matched feed rich in nutrition and stable pond ecological environment, so that the occurrence of black body diseases and air bubble diseases can be greatly reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting a water inlet and drainage system with the area of 3 mu, the water depth of 2m, the bottom of a sandy pond and a perfect water inlet and drainage system, cleaning the pond by using quicklime, cleaning the pond by using a dry method with the quicklime consumption of 30 kg/mu, cleaning the pond by using a wet method after airing for 2 days, then airing the pond for 5 days, injecting seawater, and filtering inlet water by using a 80-mesh silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding the wormcast and the blood meal into composite biological bacteria for fermentation for 3 days, wherein the composite biological bacteria comprise flavobacterium brucellosis, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus anthracis in a mass ratio of 1: 0.1: 0.3, dissolving the disinfected wormcast, the blood powder and the compound biological bacteria in water for dissolving and sprinkling, wherein the weight part ratio of the wormcast to the blood powder to the compound biological bacteria is 2:1:1, the fertilization amount is 1.7 kg/mu, and the fertilization is performed for 1 time a day and 2 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 27.0 ℃, the salinity is 27, the pH is 7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.10mg/L, and the transparency is 25 cm;
s4, fry stocking: selecting offspring seeds with the length specification of 1.8mm according to the ratio of 1000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with small rotifers and copepods larvae 1 time in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 300/L, adding the bait to the small copepods adults on the 12 th day of the opening, wherein the initial addition is 10%, and the later gradual increase is 25%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 20 microns, and the gas-water ratio is 1: 8, charging 10g/m2The water is changed every 3 days at the same time, and the water changing amount is 5 percent;
culturing the juvenile fishes: when the fry is 14-18 mm at 21 days old, feeding large copepods and artificial feed additives every day, keeping the density of the large copepods at 150/L, and adding fresh minced fishes and shrimps with the copepods mass of 10% for domestication after 25 days old; changing water every 4 days for 21-day-old people, wherein the water changing amount is 15%, and sprinkling 20 ml/mu of stress agent every 2 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.5: 1 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 30-50% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of vitamin C, 22 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 10 parts of mustard powder, 11 parts of foxtail algae powder and 13 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>Fishing and moving the fish fries to the pond when the fish fries are 26mm long, feeding the artificial mixed feed additive for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the juvenile fish, screening the fish fries before feeding in the early morning, screening the fish fries which are dead and poor in individual, changing water once every 10 days, changing the water amount to be 20 percent, and controlling the water flow to be 0.9m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11 parts of vitamin C, 29 parts of dried scallop powder, 20 parts of quinoa powder, 10 parts of tea saponin and 9 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
Example 2
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting an area of 5 mu, a water depth of 4 m, a sandy pond bottom and a perfect water inlet and drainage system, cleaning a pond by using quicklime, cleaning the pond by using a dry method, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 50 kg/mu, cleaning the pond by using a wet method after airing for 5 days, then airing the pond for 10 days, injecting seawater, and filtering the inlet water by using a silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding wormcast and blood powder into compound biological bacteria for fermentation for 6 days, sterilizing, dissolving in water for sprinkling, and applying fertilizer for 3 kg/mu for 3 times a day and 4 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 32.0 ℃, the salinity is 32, the pH is 8.5, the dissolved oxygen is 9mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.12mg/L, and the transparency is 30 cm;
s4, fry stocking: the total length of the newly hatched fries is 1.8-2.0 mm, and the length is 3000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with the small rotifers and copepods larvae 1-3 times in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 350/L, adding the small copepods adults with the bait on the 20 th day of the opening, wherein the initial addition is 30%, and the later gradual increase is 40%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 50 microns, and the gas-water ratio is 3: 10, charging 15g/m2The water is changed every 5 days at the same time, and the water changing amount is 10 percent;
culturing the juvenile fishes: when the fry is 14-18 mm at 21 days old, feeding large copepods and artificial feed additives every day, keeping the density of the large copepods at 250/L, and adding fresh minced fishes and shrimps with 20% of copepods mass after 25 days old for domestication; changing water every 6 days for 30 days, wherein the water changing amount is 20 percent, and splashing 50 ml/mu of stress agent every 3 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1.6: 4 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 50% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 29 parts of vitamin C, 39 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 33 parts of mustard powder, 25 parts of foxtail algae powder and 34 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>Fishing and moving the fish fries to the pond when the fish fries are 26mm long, feeding the fish fries with the artificial mixed feed additive for 6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the juvenile fish, screening the fish fries before feeding in the morning, screening the fish fries which are dead and poor in individual, changing water once every 15 days, changing the water amount to be 30 percent, and controlling the water flow to be 1.8m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 29 parts of vitamin C, 59 parts of dried scallop powder, 42 parts of quinoa wheat powder, 16 parts of tea saponin and 22 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
Example 3
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting a water inlet and drainage system with the area of 4 mu, the water depth of 3 m, the bottom of a sandy pond and a perfect water inlet and drainage system, cleaning the pond by using quicklime, cleaning the pond by using a dry method, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 40 kg/mu, cleaning the pond by using a wet method after airing for 3 days, then airing the pond for 7 days, injecting seawater, and filtering the inflow water by using a 90-mesh silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding the wormcast and the blood meal into composite biological bacteria for fermentation for 4 days, wherein the composite biological bacteria are flavobacterium brucellosis, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus anthracis in a mass ratio of 1: 0.3: 0.5, dissolving the disinfected wormcast, the blood powder and the compound biological bacteria in water for dissolving and sprinkling, wherein the weight part ratio of the wormcast to the blood powder to the compound biological bacteria is 3:2:1, the fertilization amount is 2.5 kg/mu, and the fertilization is carried out for 2 times a day and 3 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 30.0 ℃, the salinity is 29, the pH is 8.2, the dissolved oxygen is 7mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.11mg/L, and the transparency is 70 cm;
s4, fry stocking: selecting offspring seeds with the body length specification of 1.8-2.0 mm according to the ratio of 1000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with small rotifers and copepods 2 times a day in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 320/L, adding the bait to the small copepods adult on the 16 th day of the opening, wherein the initial addition is 20%, and the later gradual increase is 30%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 30 microns, and the gas-water ratio is 2: 9, charging 13g/m2The water is changed every 4 days at the same time, and the water changing amount is 8 percent;
culturing the juvenile fishes: when the fry is 14-18 mm at 21 days old, feeding large copepods and artificial feed additives every day, keeping the density of the large copepods at 200/L, and adding fresh minced fishes and shrimps with the copepods mass of 15% for domestication after 25 days old; changing water once every 5 days at 21-30 days of age, wherein the water change amount is 18%, and sprinkling 30 ml/mu of stress agent every 2 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 3 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 40% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 31 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 25 parts of mustard powder, 19 parts of foxtail algae powder and 26 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>Fishing the fry and moving the fry to a pond when the fry is 26mm, feeding the fry with the artificial mixed feed additive for 4-6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the juvenile fish, screening the fry before feeding the fry in the morning, and screening the fryChanging water once every 10-15 days for the fish fries died of diseases and poor in individual, wherein the water changing amount is 20-30%, and the water flow is controlled to be 0.9-1.8 m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 40 parts of dried scallop powder, 31 parts of quinoa powder, 14 parts of tea saponin and 15 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
Example 4
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting a water inlet and drainage system with the area of 3 mu, the water depth of 2m, the bottom of a sandy pond and a perfect water inlet and drainage system, cleaning the pond by using quicklime, cleaning the pond by using a dry method with the quicklime consumption of 30 kg/mu, cleaning the pond by using a wet method after airing for 2 days, then airing the pond for 5 days, injecting seawater, and filtering inlet water by using a 80-mesh silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding the wormcast and the blood meal into composite biological bacteria for fermentation for 3 days, wherein the composite biological bacteria comprise flavobacterium brucellosis, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus anthracis in a mass ratio of 1: 0.1: 0.3, dissolving the disinfected wormcast, the blood powder and the compound biological bacteria in water for dissolving and sprinkling, wherein the weight part ratio of the wormcast to the blood powder to the compound biological bacteria is 2:1:1, the fertilization amount is 1.7 kg/mu, and the fertilization is performed for 1 time a day and 2 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 27.0 ℃, the salinity is 27, the pH is 7.8, the dissolved oxygen is 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.10mg/L, and the transparency is 25 cm;
s4, fry stocking: selecting offspring seeds with the length specification of 1.8mm according to the ratio of 1000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with small rotifers and copepods larvae 1 time in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 300/L, adding the bait to the small copepods adults on the 12 th day of the opening, wherein the initial addition is 10%, and the later gradual increase is 25%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 20 microns, and the gas-water ratio is 1: 8, charging 10g/m2The water is changed every 3 days at the same time, and the water changing amount is 5 percent;
culturing the juvenile fishes: when the fry is 14-18 mm at 21 days old, feeding large copepods and artificial feed additives every day, keeping the density of the large copepods at 150/L, and adding fresh minced fishes and shrimps with the copepods mass of 10% for domestication after 25 days old; changing water every 4 days at the age of 21-30 days, wherein the water changing amount is 15%, and sprinkling 20 ml/mu of stress agent every 2 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 3 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 40% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 31 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 25 parts of mustard powder, 19 parts of foxtail algae powder and 26 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>Fishing and moving the fish fries to the pond when the fish fries are 26mm long, feeding the artificial mixed feed additive for 4 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5 percent of the weight of the juvenile fish, screening the fish fries before feeding in the early morning, screening the fish fries which are dead and poor in individual, changing water once every 10 days, changing the water amount to be 20 percent, and controlling the water flow to be 0.9m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 40 parts of dried scallop powder, 31 parts of quinoa powder, 14 parts of tea saponin and 15 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
Example 5
An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method of the grouper comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting an area of 5 mu, a water depth of 4 m, a sandy pond bottom and a perfect water inlet and drainage system, cleaning a pond by using quicklime, cleaning the pond by using a dry method, wherein the consumption of the quicklime is 50 kg/mu, cleaning the pond by using a wet method after airing for 5 days, then airing the pond for 10 days, injecting seawater, and filtering the inlet water by using a silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding wormcast and blood powder into compound biological bacteria for fermentation for 6 days, sterilizing, dissolving in water for sprinkling, and applying fertilizer for 3 kg/mu for 3 times a day and 4 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 32.0 ℃, the salinity is 32, the pH is 8.5, the dissolved oxygen is 9mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.12mg/L, and the transparency is 30 cm;
s4, fry stocking: the total length of the newly hatched fries is 1.8-2.0 mm, and the length is 3000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: after the opening of the fry, the fry is opened in the morning and at night every dayFeeding the small rotifers and copepods larvae for 1-3 times, keeping the bait density at 350/L, adding the small copepods adults with the bait in 12-20 days after opening, wherein the initial addition is 30%, and the later gradual increase is 40%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, the particle size of generated microbubbles is 50 microns, and the gas-water ratio is 3: 10, charging 15g/m2The water is changed every 5 days at the same time, and the water changing amount is 10 percent;
culturing the juvenile fishes: when the fry is 14-18 mm at 21 days old, feeding large copepods and artificial feed additives every day, keeping the density of the large copepods at 250/L, and adding fresh minced fishes and shrimps with 20% of copepods mass after 25 days old for domestication; changing water once every 6 days at 21-30 days of age, wherein the water change amount is 20%, and splashing 50 ml/mu of stress agent every 3 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 1: 3 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum; the feeding amount of the artificial matching bait additive is 40% of the weight of the juvenile fish, and the artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 31 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 25 parts of mustard powder, 19 parts of foxtail algae powder and 26 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>Fishing and moving the fish fries to the pond when the fish fries are 26mm long, feeding the fish fries with the artificial mixed feed additive for 6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the juvenile fish, screening the fish fries before feeding in the morning, screening the fish fries which are dead and poor in individual, changing water once every 15 days, changing the water amount to be 30 percent, and controlling the water flow to be 1.8m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 21 parts of vitamin C, 40 parts of dried scallop powder, 31 parts of quinoa powder, 14 parts of tea saponin and 15 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
Example 6
This example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper is characterized in that inflow water in the step S1 is filtered by a silk filter 50 net.
Example 7
This example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper is characterized in that in the step S2, the mass ratio of composite biological bacteria including flavobacterium brucellosis, lactobacillus plantarum and bacillus anthracis is 1: 0.5: 0.2.
example 8
This example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper is characterized in that in the step S2, the weight part ratio of wormcast to blood meal to composite biological bacteria is 1:4: 1.
Example 9
This example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient artificial breeding method for outdoor ecological ponds of grouper is characterized in that still water microbubbles are cultured in the step S5, the particle size of the generated microbubbles is 10 microns, and the ratio of gas to water is 1: 20.
comparative example 1
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient artificial breeding method for the outdoor ecological pond of the grouper is characterized in that in the step S1, the pond is cleaned only by quicklime in a dry method, the using amount of the quicklime is 30-50 kg/mu, seawater is injected after the pond is dried for 5-10 days, and inlet water is filtered by a silk filter 80-100 meshes.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: an efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the garrupa yezoensis, wherein compound biological bacteria are not added in the fertilizer application fertilizer in the step S2.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the fish fry is arranged according to 4000 tails/m2And (5) stocking.
Comparative example 4
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the fry rearing in the step S5 is not subjected to still water microbubble rearing.
Comparative example 5
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: and water exchange amount in the larval fish breeding in the step S5 is 20-30%.
Comparative example 6
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: and no stress agent is splashed in the juvenile fish culture in the step S5.
Comparative example 7
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the artificial compound feed additive in the juvenile fish cultivation in the step S5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of vitamin C, 20 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 8 parts of mustard powder, 10 parts of foxtail algae powder and 12 parts of dry tenebrio molitor.
Comparative example 8
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the water change amount in the juvenile fish cultivation in the step S5 is 80 percent, and the water flow is controlled to be 0.8m3/h。
Comparative example 9
This comparative example differs from example 3 in that: the artificial compound feed additive in the juvenile fish cultivation in the step S5 comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of vitamin C, 25 parts of dried scallop powder, 15 parts of quinoa wheat powder, 6 parts of tea saponin and 24 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
First, seedling raising and fruiting
The average disease conditions of the groupers are observed in the larval stage, the juvenile stage and the juvenile stage respectively by breeding the seedling raising methods of the embodiments 1 to 9 and the comparative examples 1 to 9, and the disease conditions are as follows:
Figure BDA0002391662070000101
Figure BDA0002391662070000111
as can be seen from the above table, in examples 1 to 5, grouper is artificially cultured in an outdoor ecological pond, the pond is reasonably treated, parameters of water quality treatment are adjusted, fertilization is performed before stocking, fertilizers are scientifically proportioned, the fertilization times and components are adjusted, cultivation management is performed in three periods of larval fish, juvenile fish and juvenile fish, and baits and water flow treatment in each period are scientifically prepared; in examples 3-9, pond treatment and water quality management have certain influence on growth conditions of grouper fries, fertilizer application has certain mediation effect on the fries, and water flow treatment on the fries can enhance fish body quality; comparative examples 1-6 show that the culture environment can be improved by disinfecting the pond, the fish body quality can be enhanced by fertilizing the compound biological bacteria and the stress agent, the survival rate of the seedlings is improved, and the fish body diseases are reduced, and comparative examples 7-9 show that the fish body quality can be enhanced by the required bait of the fry in each period; in the embodiment 3, different means are adopted to cultivate the fry in different periods, so that the fry can be prevented from being died and necrotized in the cultivating process.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (8)

1. An efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for grouper, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparation before cultivation: setting a perfect water inlet and drainage system with the area of 3-5 mu, the water depth of 2-4 m, the bottom of a sandy pond, and cleaning the pond by using quicklime, wherein the consumption of the quicklime for cleaning the pond by a dry method is 30-50 kg/mu, after drying for 2-5 days, cleaning the pond by a wet method is 60-100 kg/mu, then airing the pond for 5-10 days, injecting seawater, and filtering inlet water by using a silk filter screen;
s2, fertilizing: adding the wormcast and the blood meal into the compound biological bacteria for fermentation for 3-6 days, sterilizing, dissolving in water, dissolving, and sprinkling, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 1.7-3 kg/mu, the fertilizer application is performed for 1-3 times a day, and the fertilizer application is performed for 2-4 days;
s3, water quality treatment: the temperature is 27.0-32.0 ℃, the salinity is 27-32, the pH is 7.8-8.5, the dissolved oxygen is more than 5mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen is 0.10-0.12 mg/L, and the transparency is 25-30 cm;
s4, fry stocking: the total length of the newly hatched fries is 1.8-2.0 mm, and the length is 1000-3000 tails/m2Putting in;
s5, cultivation management:
fry breeding: feeding the larvae with the small rotifers and copepods larvae 1-3 times in the morning and at the evening after the larvae are opened, keeping the bait density at 300-350/L, adding the small copepods adults with the bait in 12-20 days after the larvae are opened, wherein the initial addition is 10-30%, and the later addition is 25-40%; then, still water microbubble cultivation is carried out, and 10-15 g/m of still water microbubble cultivation is put into2The chlorella is simultaneously changed with water, and the water change amount is 5-10%;
culturing the juvenile fishes: the fry length reaches 14-18 mm at 21 days of age, large copepods and artificial bait additives are fed every day, the density of the large copepods is kept at 150-250 per liter, 10-20% of fresh minced fishes and shrimps are added for acclimation after 25 days of age, the water change amount is 15-20% at 21-30 days of age, and 20-50 ml/mu of stress agent is sprayed every 2-3 days; the stress agent is prepared from the following components in a mass ratio of 0.5-1.6: 1-4 enzymolysis dicranopteris pedata polysaccharide and Stenoloma chusanum polypeptide microbial inoculum, wherein the feeding amount of the artificially-matched bait additive is 30-50% of the weight of juvenile fish, and the artificially-matched bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-29 parts of vitamin C, 22-39 parts of sweet potato leaf powder, 10-33 parts of mustard powder, 11-25 parts of foxtail algae powder and 13-34 parts of dry tenebrio molitor;
and (3) juvenile fish cultivation: full length of 31-day-old fry>When the fish fry size is 26mm, fishing and moving the fish fry to a pond, feeding the fish fry with the artificial mixed feed additive for 4-6 times every day, wherein the feeding amount is 5-8% of the weight of the young fish, screening the fish fry before feeding the bait in the morning, screening the fish fry which is dead and poor in individual, changing the water amount to 20-30%, and controlling the water flow to be 0.9-1.8 m3The artificial matching bait additive comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 11-29 parts of vitamin C, 29-59 parts of dried scallop powder, 20-42 parts of quinoa wheat powder, 10-16 parts of tea saponin and 9-22 parts of miscanthus floridulus powder.
2. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S1, the inlet water is filtered by using a 80-100-mesh bolting silk filter screen.
3. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S2, the mass ratio of the composite biological bacteria to the flavobacterium brucellosis, the lactobacillus plantarum and the bacillus anthracis is 1: 0.1-0.4: 0.3 to 0.6.
4. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S2, the weight part ratio of the wormcast to the blood meal added with the composite biological bacteria is 2-4: 1-3: 1.
5. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (3) culturing still water microbubbles in the step S5, wherein the particle size of the generated microbubbles is 20-50 mu m, and the gas-water ratio is 1-3: 8 to 10.
6. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S5, water is changed every 3-5 days in the process of breeding the fry.
7. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S5, water is changed every 4-6 days during the cultivation of the juvenile fish.
8. The efficient outdoor ecological pond artificial breeding method for the grouper as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the step S5, water is changed every 10-15 days in the process of culturing the young fishes.
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CN102763615A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-11-07 福建省水产研究所 Full-manual breeding method for megalonibea fusca
CN103548735A (en) * 2013-10-31 2014-02-05 浙江海洋学院 Grouper fry propagation method
CN105995183A (en) * 2016-05-12 2016-10-12 集美大学 Epinephelus coioicles ecological feed formula and preparation method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101375673A (en) * 2007-08-27 2009-03-04 海南大学 Industrialized artificial seedling cultivation method for rockfishes
CN101700001A (en) * 2009-11-19 2010-05-05 海南定大养殖有限公司 Industrial artificial breeding method of epinephelus lanceolatus
CN102763615A (en) * 2012-06-29 2012-11-07 福建省水产研究所 Full-manual breeding method for megalonibea fusca
CN103548735A (en) * 2013-10-31 2014-02-05 浙江海洋学院 Grouper fry propagation method
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Application publication date: 20200522