CN111167469A - 一种具有选择性催化脱硝功能的金属丝网及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有选择性催化脱硝功能的金属丝网及其制备方法,该脱硝催化剂的基体材料为不锈钢金属丝网,基体表面依次有NiAl粘接涂层,活性氧化物催化涂层,该涂层具有脱硝催化功效。首先采用喷雾造粒的方法,将纳米级活性氧化物团聚成微米级粉末,粉末中含有纳米结构,并在丝网基体上先采用等离子喷涂制备NiAl粘结层,再通过等离子喷涂方法制备纳米氧化物涂层作为脱硝催化涂层。本发明催化剂具有传热传质性能高、比表面积大、活性组分负载均匀、与基体结合强度高等优点,适用于工业生产中的催化脱硝应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化领域,涉及一种以金属丝网为基体的脱硝涂层催化剂及制备方法
背景技术
氮氧化物(NOx)是空气中的主要污染物,这些污染物是由汽车尾气,化石燃料的燃烧(尤其是发电厂的燃烧)造成的。NOx对环境非常有害,会导致酸雨,光化学烟雾和臭氧层空洞等环境污染。目前,使用NH3进行选择性催化还原(SCR)是最广泛的去除氮氧化物的使用措施。目前,许多关于SCR性能的工作大多数仅对粉末基催化剂进行测试,很少有对大规模的涂层型催化剂相关研究。
目前,常用的涂层型催化剂主要通过溶胶凝胶法、浸渍法等湿化学法制备,但是这些涂层与基体主要靠物理吸附,结合强度低,易脱落,无疑会降低涂层的使用寿命。大气等离子喷涂(APS)是一种低成本,高灵活性的涂层沉积技术,不受基体材料和涂层材料的限制,APS制备的陶瓷涂层表面呈现多孔结构可以增加涂层的比表面积,增加催化反应产生。此外,等离子喷涂可以使粉末原料处于全熔融状态和半熔融状态下进行沉积,因此涂层具有更好的附着力,并获得更长的使用寿命。
在SCR的实际工业应用中,通常采用将活性组分负载至蜂窝陶瓷中。然而,这些结构内部通道狭窄,会产生显著的压降,降低催化剂的热传递和质量传递效率。而使用丝网作为基材,可以提高传热传质性能,降低压降,增大力学强度,提高催化剂的几何柔韧性,可以在很大程度上克服传统的蜂窝型催化剂的缺点。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种可以大面积制备、比表面积大、脱硝效率高、成本低、结合强度良好的整体式脱硝涂层催化剂的制备方法,主要克服现有催化剂结合差、易失活等缺点。
本发明的催化剂通过以下技术方案实现:
A.金属丝网基体的预处理:先将金属丝网浸泡于0.1-2mol/L稀盐酸中除去表面氧化物,在丙酮中超声清洗,除去表面污垢与油脂;用10-40目棕刚玉进行喷砂处理,增加基体的表面粗糙度。
B.等离子喷涂粉末的制备:将粒径为5-100nm的MnOx(MnO2,Mn2O3,Mn3O4)、CeO2和锐钛型TiO2粉末、PVA粘结剂以及去离子水按一定比例制备成浆料放入球磨罐中球磨,MnOx(MnO2,Mn2O3,Mn3O4)、CeO2和TiO2的质量比为5%-40%:5%-10%:90%-50%,去离子水的加入量为初始粉末总质量的100%-150%,PVA粘接剂有效加入量为初始粉末总质量的0.1%-3%,浆料放于转速为60-300r/min的球磨机中,搅拌2-5h;搅拌均匀后采用喷雾干燥法,在入口温度为160-200℃,出口温度为100-130℃,压缩空气流量为0.8-2.0m3/h,蠕动泵转速为2-6rpm的条件下,将纳米粉末喷雾团聚,得到用于等离子喷涂的粉末,粒径为20-60μm。。
C.粘结层的制备:将粒径为33-60μm的NiAl粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为20-80g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将NiAl粉末沉积在金属丝网基体上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率20-60KW,Ar气流量30-80SLPM,H2气流量0.1-10SLPM,机械手扫描速度100-500mm/s。
D.催化涂层的制备:将粒径为20-60μm喷雾团聚粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为20-50g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将团聚粉末沉积在覆有NiAl粘接层的金属丝网上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率12-30KW,Ar气流量40-80SLPM,H2气流量0.1-10SLPM,机械手扫描速度100-500mm/s,得到金属丝网为基体脱硝涂层催化剂。
与现有技术相比,本发明制备的催化剂具有如下优点:
(1)本发明采用喷雾干燥法将纳米复合氧化物团聚成微米复合氧化物,使制备后的涂层含有纳米结构,提高涂层的比表面积。
(2)采用等离子喷涂方法制备涂层,操作简单灵活,成本低,可以大面积制备涂层,并且可以提高催化剂与基体的结合强度,提高催化剂的使用寿命。
(3)采用金属丝网为基体,降低压降,提高传热与传质性能,具有较高的几何柔韧度与结构稳定性,增大比表面积,并提高了催化剂的负载量。
附图说明
图1是实施例1所制备MnOx-CeO2/TiO2复合氧化物脱硝催化剂的表面的扫描电镜形貌。
图2是实施例1所制备MnOx-CeO2/TiO2复合氧化物脱硝催化剂的截面的扫描电镜形貌。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。
实施例1
金属丝网基体的预处理:先将金属丝网浸泡于0.5mol/L稀盐酸中除去表面氧化物,然后在丙酮中超声清洗5min,用20目的棕刚玉进行喷砂处理,喷砂压力为4bar,距离为12cm,除去表面污、垢、锈,增加基体的表面粗糙度。
将粒径为10nm的MnOx(MnO2,Mn2O3质量比为4:1),CeO2,粒径为50μm的锐钛型TiO2粉末(质量比为20%:5%:75%)总质量200g,2g PVA粘结剂与300g去离子水放入球磨罐中,在转速为200r/min的球磨机中,搅拌3h;搅拌均匀后采用喷雾干燥法,在入口温度为200℃,出口温度为130℃,压缩空气流量为1.5m3/h,蠕动泵转速为4rpm的条件下,将纳米粉末喷雾团聚,得到用于等离子喷涂的粉末。
将粒径为33-60μm的NiAl粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为50g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将NiAl粉末沉积在金属丝网基体上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率36KW,Ar气流量40SLPM,H2气流量8SLPM,机械手扫描速度500mm/s。
将粒径为20-40μm的MnOx-CeO2/TiO2粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为30g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将MnOx-CeO2/TiO2粉末沉积在金属丝网基体上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率16KW,Ar气流量50SLPM,H2气流量4SLPM,机械手扫描速度500mm/s。从图1表面形貌中可以看出金属丝网催化涂层的表面由大量的球形颗粒和气孔组成,含有纳米粉末结构,增大涂层的比表面积。从图2截面形貌来看,金属丝网底层为NiAl粘接层,顶层为催化剂涂层,涂层结合良好。
模拟烟气的脱硝测试结果表明,在1000ppm NH3、1000ppm NO、O2浓度为5%,空气流速为27000h-1时,催化剂的脱硝活性在350℃达到63%。
Claims (3)
1.以金属丝网为基体的脱硝涂层催化剂,其特征在于,具有以下步骤:
A.金属丝网基体的预处理:先将金属丝网浸泡于0.1-2mol/L稀盐酸中除去表面氧化物,在丙酮中超声清洗,除去表面污垢与油脂;用10-40目棕刚玉进行喷砂处理,增加基体的表面粗糙度;
B.等离子喷涂粉末的制备:将粒径为5-100nm的MnOx、CeO2,锐钛型TiO2粉末、PVA粘结剂以及去离子水按一定比例制备成浆料放入球磨罐中球磨,MnOx与CeO2、TiO2的质量比为5%-40%:5%-10%:90%-50%,初始粉末为MnOx与CeO2、TiO2的这三种,且百分比之和为100%;去离子水的加入量为初始粉末总质量的100%-150%,PVA粘接剂加入量为初始粉末总质量的0.1%-3%,浆料放于转速为60-300r/min的球磨机中,搅拌2-5h;搅拌均匀后采用喷雾干燥法,在入口温度为160-200℃,出口温度为100-130℃,压缩空气流量为0.8-2.0m3/h,蠕动泵转速为2-6rpm的条件下,将纳米粉末喷雾团聚,得到用于等离子喷涂的团聚粉末,粒径为20-60μm;
C.粘结层的制备:将粒径为33-60μm的NiAl粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为20-80g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将NiAl粉末沉积在金属丝网基体上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率20-60KW,Ar气流量30-80SLPM,H2气流量0.1-10SLPM,机械手扫描速度100-500mm/s;
D.催化涂层的制备:将粒径为20-60μm喷雾团聚粉末装入送粉器中,调整送粉速率为20-50g/min;采用等离子喷涂的方式将团聚粉末沉积在覆有NiAl粘接层的金属丝网上,等离子喷涂参数如下:功率12-30KW,Ar气流量40-80SLPM,H2气流量0.1-10SLPM,机械手扫描速度100-500mm/s,得到金属丝网为基体脱硝涂层催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于基体材料为表面具有三维孔状结构的金属丝网,涂层材料为由纳米粉末团聚的微米级粉末,涂层的底层为NiAl粘接层,顶层为催化涂层,涂层采用等离子喷涂方法制备。
3.应用如权利要求1所述的方法制备得到的以金属丝网为基体的脱硝涂层催化剂。
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