CN1111582A - 可转动的手柄致动系统 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种扭柄缆索系统,具有装在自行车车把上的套
筒和提供加大的机械增益的拉索卷台,该机械增益可
用于全转动范围,或用于可变机械增益系统,即仅在
部分转动范围内具有可变半径的卷台。为提供更大
的机械增益,在卷台已完全降低的情况下,还在套筒
上设置一个缆索可落入其中的凹槽或通槽。
Description
本发明涉及一种可转动的手柄致动系统,用以与波登(Bowden)管(管内缆索)型运动传递系统结合使用。更具体地说,是涉及一种用于操纵自行车换档器缆索的可转动的手柄致动系统。
一种可方便转动地装在车把上,并且安置成不要求骑车人移开手甚至不移开姆指便可操作的换档致动器,已公开在美国专利第4900291号中,该专利1990年2月13日颁发给本申请的一位共同发明人,并已转让给本申请的受让人。1990年7月3日颁发给本申请的同一位共同发明人的,且已转让给本申请的受让人的美国专利第4938733号公开了前一专利的换档致动器的一种改进型。
与本发明总的型式相同的另外类型的自行车换档缆索致动系统,公开在美国专利第5102372号中,该专利于1992年4月7日颁发给本申请的三位共同发明人,并已转让给本申请的受让人。为使扭柄型缆索致动系统的机构操作特性与自行车换档系统的相关缆索运动和所需的力相匹配,1993年3月30日颁布的美国专利第5197927号揭示了可以采用“铲状凸轮”(shovelcam)与“传动卷台”(jack spoal)相组合。后一专利也已颁发给前一专利的三位相同发明人,并已转让给本申请的受让人。为了提供自行车换档型移动系统,特别是用扭柄型致动系统操作时,有关结构和操作要求方面的完整教导,上述各专利是结合在本说明书中作参考的。
一般地说,控制自行车换档器的扭柄型缆索拉动装置装在车把上。这样,车把直径便实际限制了扭柄控制的最小卷筒半径。如上所述,按上述专利所详细描述过的那样,换档器需用特定的缆索张紧力驱动该换档器换挡。所要求的张紧力可在所需换档器设定的换档位置范围内变化。因而存在对最大扭矩的实际限制,而该最大扭矩是以具体人的手舒适地作用于扭柄度量的。因此,人们希望不仅要改变扭柄控制的机械增益,还希望最大限度地提高该机械增益即减小卷取半径,以此与某些特定的换档器换档位置设定相适应。
以往的扭柄结构,例如1992年8月4日颁布并授与Campagnolo的美国专利第5134897号中公开的结构寻求通过将扭柄直接装在车把上以减小卷筒半径。但它已被证明,在某些特定情况下,例如偏离公路骑行时,由于脏物和泥土很容易进入通常为薄壁件的车把和典型地为塑料件的扭柄之间通道。磨粒物趋于堆积在塑料上,进而研磨在轻型自行车中,经常用铝之类的较软金属制成的薄壁金属车把。
其它结构,例如商标为Suntour的结构,通过在车把上安装一个扭柄可在其上转动的固定管或套筒的方法,避免扭柄与车把间的相互作用。该套筒的厚度加在了卷台半径,而该半径,在Suntour型结构的情况下,需要采用携带多个卷台的单独支轴,以获得驱动换档器控制缆索所需的机械增益。该Sun-tour结构,是在PCT/JP93/00335的基础上,已公开的国际专利申请WO93/18960中示出的。
本发明的目的是提供一种可转动的手柄型致动系统,它被设计成可装在车把上,通过减小缆索的受拉半径最大限度地提高机械增益。本发明进一步的目的是,在其一种优选实施例中,提供一种可转动的手柄型致动系统,它没有一装在车把上的套筒,以保护手把。本发明更进一步的目的是最大限度地提高可转动的手柄型致动系统的机械增益,这种系统以往仅被认为是非常复杂的致动系统,例如采用携带多个附加卷台或凸轮的多个支轴的致动系统。在本发明的另一实施例中,缆索允许通过套筒下落,或者当车把由硬材料,例如钢之类的不易如软材料那样被研磨的材料制成时,该套筒可以省略。
按照本发明,提供的一种装在车手上的可转动手柄致动系统,其机械增益可得到最大限度的提高。此外,在本发明的第一种实施例中,本发明的可转动手柄致动系统,至少在扭柄的一部分转动范围内,将套筒屏蔽式手把的优点与以往仅在元套筒式手把中才能获得的机械增益结合在一起。
在本发明的第一种实施例中,卷取半径,即使用者的手所施加的扭柄扭矩施加给缆索的半径,等于车把半径加套筒壁厚,加产生牵动缆索原始增量所需的扭柄卷台厚度。这一运动增量典型地与对应于小链环的换档器位置相一致。在该位置,换档器控制缆索和换档器的运动量较大而张紧力相对较低。去该位置和对应于中链环的位置之间,对一定的前换档器结构而言,希望具有较高的缆索牵动率和相对低的机械增益。然而对同一前换档器结构来说,对应于中链环和大链环的换档器位置之间,所需的缆索驱动张紧力急剧增加,因而在换档器这部分运动范围内,希望机械增益相对提高。相应于该所希望的机械增益的有效卷取半径实际小于车把半径加套筒壁厚。为作到这一点,本发明的第一种实施例允许扭柄卷台半径急剧降低,实际上,扭柄允许缆索通过卷台落入套筒槽中,以减小缆索牵引转动的最后增量所应用的有效半径。
在本发明的另一实施例中,套筒上的槽为通槽,这样,缆索牵引转动的最后增量所应用的有效半径,便等于车把半径。如上所述,这一实施例可提供增大了的机械增益,但通常仅能用于由钢之类的硬金属制成的车把。在本发明的又一种实施例中,套筒被取消,这样,当缆索通过卷台下降或下落时,它便直接贴靠在手把表面上。
这样,按照本发明构成的可转动手柄致动系统便使驱动前换档器所需的逐渐增大的驱动力明显趋于平滑。使用者的手必须作用在扭柄上的扭矩,在所有位置都处于令手控者感到舒适的范围内。
控制这类前换档器的减小半径卷台的使用是公知的。杠杆型致动器已采用这一原理。但在杠杆型致动器情况下,车把直径不对最小卷取半径构成限制,因为杠杆未绕手把安装,更不是绕其转动。在这种杠杆型致动器中,卷台在杠杆的整个转动范围内都承载缆索。而在本发明的情况下,旋转卷台不同寻常地降低,使得有效卷取半径连续减小至卷台本身尺寸以下。这是非常重要和有利的,因为如上所述,车把对最小卷取半径产生了实际限制。
图1为按照本发明的一种优选实施例的可转动手柄致动系统透视图;
图2为图1所示可转动手柄致动系统的分解透视图;
图3为沿图1中4-4的剖面图,示出处于第一操作位置的该可转动手柄致动系统;
图4为沿图1中4-4的剖面图,示出处于第二操作位置的该可转动手柄致动系统;
图5为沿图1中4-4的剖面视图,示出处于第三操作位置的该可转动手柄致动系统;
图6为本发明的另一种实施例相应于图5的局部剖视图。
下面参见图1和2,说明按照本发明的一种优选实施例的可转动手柄致动系统各部件及其装配件。按照本发明的第一种优选实施例的可转动手柄致动系统10装在车把12上。所示向图1中右侧伸出的手把部分14与自行车手把轴套(未示)相连。如图1所示,该车把12还伸至该系统10的左端,以将该手柄正常地支撑在车把端部位置。
该系统10有两个基本部件,即一个固定在车把12上的壳体16,和一扭柄18。壳体16包括一加长管或套管20,它以紧密配合方式装在车把12上。壳体16成形一个从图2看去位于右侧的凹槽(未示),以容纳将该壳体16固定在车把12上的夹22。借助螺栓24将该V形夹22固定在车把上。螺栓24松动地穿过设在该夹一个支脚上的孔26,并与设在该夹另一个支脚上的孔28中的螺纹啮合。
成形为壳体16一部分的是缆索导管30,它的终端设有与设在接头34中的内螺纹配合的外螺纹32。接头34将缆索管36固定在缆索导管30上。套管20周围邻近壳体16径向延伸的壁38处设有弹簧保持部分40。
弹簧保持部分40的周边表面成形一个长形凹槽42,它夹持一成形弹簧46的第一部分44,该弹簧的另一部分与扭柄18协同工作,以限定扭柄18的选定位置。弹簧46的第一部分44座入槽42,而其延伸部的凸弯48则可与成形在扭柄18的周壁56内周表面的槽50,52和54啮合。如将在对图3和图4的说明中进一步描述的那样,弹簧46的第一部分44与槽50,52和54的相互作用确定了扭柄18相对壳体16的几个位置,这些位置与所要求的换档机构的啮合位置对应。
扭柄18成形有外部手握部分58和连接的加大部分60,该加大部分上可印上如图所示的数字1,2和3,当该数字定位于壳体10上的指示标志62处时,便可确定手柄组件的三个操作位置。从图2看,延伸至手柄部分58左侧的,不仅是周壁56,还有扭柄18的缆索夹持和啮合部分64。操纵缆索66保持在所述部分64的径向延伸壁部分68和加大部分60的径向延伸面70之间?如图3至6剖视图所示,操纵缆索盘绕在一具有可变半径的卷台72上,该卷台72成形在上述壁部分68和径向延伸面70之间。扭柄18的旋转作用于操纵缆索66的半径称为卷绕半径。这样,一个具有可变径向高度的槽便形成在壁部68和径向延伸面70之间。该槽在其端部74的径向高度恰好略大于缆索66的直径。
缆索末端设有一增大的夹持块76,以防止其从槽中拉出。卷台72的径向高度在缆索66从槽内出现处78是陡降的,槽的径向高度显著大于缆索直径。尽管图2所示的缆索是与槽径向向外的表面的接触,但系统一旦装成,且张力施加于缆索之后,缆索将如图3至6所示那样径向朝内紧贴在卷台72表面。
缆索66固定在手柄部分18中成形的槽中以及弹簧44放入长形凹槽42之后,便可将柄沿箭头所示方向组装在壳体16上,使周壁56容纳在壳体16的外壁82和弹簧保持部分40间的空间80中。为完成这一装配,还需将盖84放在缆索导管30的开口部分上,并用螺钉86固定就位。该螺钉86与成形在壳体16外伸部90上的孔88,以螺纹方式联接。
现在参见图3至图6进一步说明本发明的带陡降高度的卷台72的操作。当缆索66全部从壳体16中伸出时,扭柄18相对壳体16的位置,更确切地说是卷台72相对壳体16位置将处于图3所示的位置。在该位置,当缆索66离开卷台72的支承时,它被保持在距车把中心的半径R1处。该半径R1周壁56的内径基本相等。该位置上,扭柄18的转动增量将引起缆索66最大的运动,但力学性质最差。
当手柄18由图3所示位置顺时针转至图4所示位置时,离开卷台72支承的缆索被保持在距手把中心的半径R2处,与图3相比,在该位置上卷台72的径向高度已经陡降或下降至较小的半径处。最后,如图5所示,随着手柄18进一步沿顺时针方向转动,卷台72的径向高度的已降至最低,使得有效半径,即手柄18作用于缆索的旋转半径,变为R3。如图5所示,R3是成形在缆索导管或套筒30上的弧形缺口94的底部半径,该弧形缺口与卷台72轴心对正。弧形缺口94下方的缆索导管30最好减薄至既能承受作用其上的压力,又不致变形或被缆索切开的最小厚度。在这种情况下,手柄相对壳体的转动,会产生缆索的最小运动,但对操作者的手施加的一定扭矩来说,却能获得最大的力。由于该半径小于卷台72的径向高度未完全下降时可能形成的半径,操作者用施加在扭柄18上的同一扭矩便能在缆索66上产生最大的力。
在图6所示的本发明第二种实施例中,未采用在套筒20上成形缺口94的方案,而是将套筒的一部分去除,从而形成一个槽96,这样,缆索66实际便座靠在车把的外表面上。在这个实施例中,手柄18作用在缆索上的有效转动半径为R4,它等于车把12外表面半径。如上所述,尽管这个实施例提供的力学优点是人们所希望的,但它通常仅被考虑用在车把是用缆索在其表面直接包箍和摩擦不会造成损坏的硬金属制成的场合。本发明另一个实施例是第二种实施例的延伸,其中套筒20被取消。当然,这种实施例也仅被考虑用在车把是用钢之类的硬金属制成的场合。
尽管已给出本发明的几种优选实施例,但很明显,对有关领域的技术人员来说,已叙述过的内容在本说明书中是被当作本发明的可转动手柄致动系统的几种优选实施例看待的。按照专利法规,在不脱离本发明实质精神和范围的条件下还可对该系统进行变换。然而本申请的权利要求旨在复盖所有那些落入本发明的实质精神和范围的变换型和改进型。
Claims (21)
1、一种可转动的手柄致动机构,它通过一管内缆索与自行车换档器相连,并装在自行车车把上,包括:
一壳体,它使缆索管相对车把固定,
一可转动件,可绕一转动轴线相对所述壳体转动,该可转动件包括:
一空心圆柱部分,它具有适于装在该车把外表面上的内圆柱面,
和大体呈圆柱状的外部手握面,
一缆索固定部分,缆索的第一端穿过所述壳体伸入所述管,缆索的第二端固定在所述可转动件的所述缆索固定部分,这样,当所述可转动件相对所述壳体转动时,该缆索以一相对所述转动轴线的有效卷取半径移向和移出所述管,该有效卷取半径至少在所述可转动件一部分转动范围内等于所述空心圆柱部分的所述内圆柱面的半径。
2、如权利要求1所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,所述可转动件包括一缆索支撑部分,当缆索通过所述管运动时,该缆索支撑部分相对转动轴线具有可变化的半径。
3、如权利要求1所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,该机构大体装在车把端部内侧。
4、一种可转动的手柄致动机构,它通过一管内缆索与自行车换档系统相连,并装在自行车车把上,包括:
一第一件,它包括:
一第一空心圆柱部分,它具有适于装在圆柱形自行车把上的内圆柱面,和一外圆柱表面,一壳体,包括使缆索相对车把固定的固定部分,所述壳体还使缆索沿切向接近所述外圆柱表面,
一第二件,它绕一转动轴线相对所述第一件转动,包括:
一第二空心圆柱部分,它具有适于装在所述第一件的所述外圆柱表面上的内圆柱面,并具有大体呈圆柱状的外手握面,
一缆索固定部分,缆索的第一端穿过所述壳体伸入所述管,缆索的第二端固定在所述第二件的所述缆索固定部分上,使得所述第二件相对所述第一件转动时,缆索以一相对所述转动轴线的有效卷取半径移向和移出所述管,该有效卷取半径至少在所述第二件的一部分转动范围内等于或小于所述第二件的所述内圆柱面的半径。
5、如权利要求4所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,所述第二件包括一缆索支撑部分,当缆索穿过所述管移动时,该支撑部分相对转动轴线具有可变化的半径。
6、如权利要求4所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,所述第一件的外圆柱面有一个槽,以允许缆索进一步靠近转动轴线,这样缆索穿过管移动时的有效卷取半径,至少在所述第二件的一部转动范围内小于所述第一件的所述外圆柱面的半径。
7、如权利要求4所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,所述第一件的一部分被去除,以允许缆索进一步靠近转动轴线,使得缆索穿过管移动时的有效卷取半径,至少在所述第二件的一部分转动范围内小于所述第一件的所述外圆柱面的半径。
8、如权利要求4所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动机构,其特征是,该机构大体被装在手把端部内侧。
9、一种可转动的手柄致动机构,它通过一管内缆索与自行车换档器相连,并装在自行车车把上,包括:
一第一件,它包括:
一第一空心圆柱部分,具有适于装在圆柱形自行车车把上的内圆柱面,和一外圆柱面,缆索导管,具有一内端和一外端,所述缆索导管具有一轴线,该轴线,在所述内端,沿相对所述外圆柱面的切线方向延伸,该轴线在所述外端,沿与之相连的换档器缆索端部同轴的方向延伸。
一第二件,可相对所述第一件转动,包括,
一第二空心圆柱部分,具有适于装在所述第一件的所述第一空心圆柱部分的所述外圆柱面上的内圆柱面,并具有一大体呈圆柱形的外手握表面,所述第一和第二空心圆柱部分的轴心线彼此重合,
一缆索固定和缆索支撑部分,
一缆索,所述缆索穿过所述缆索导管,所述缆索具第一端和第二端,所述缆索的第一端固定于所述缆索固定部分,所述缆索的第二端从所述缆索导管的所述外端延伸,
所述缆索支撑部分绕所述第一和第二圆柱部分的轴心线以可变半径的方式沿同向延伸,这样,当所述第二件以基本恒定的速率转动,并被施以相对所述第一件大体恒定的扭矩时,缆索通过所述缆索导管的运动速率是可变化的,这是由于作用其上的力是变化的所致,当缆索被支撑在较小半径部位时,所述第二件在相应的转动范围转动过程中,缆索的运动速率较低,但具有较大的力,而当缆索被支撑在较大半径部位时,所述第二件在相应的转动范围转动过程中,缆索的运动速率较高,但具有较小的力。
10、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄手柄致动系统,其特征是所述支撑部分相对所述轴心线,从较大半径至较小半径的变化是连续的。
11、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是,当所述所第二件可被转至这样一个位置,即所述缆索在进入所述缆索进给管之前已落在所述自行车车把上,以便所述第二件以大体恒定的速度转动,并具有大体恒定的作用扭矩时,进一步减小所述缆索相对所述轴心线的支撑半径,由此进一步降低所述缆索的进给速率和增大作用于缆索的力。
12、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是,当所述第二件转至这样一个位置,即所述缆索由所述较小半径的支撑部分支撑,所述缆索,在进入所述缆索进给管之前已落在所述第一空心圆柱部分的外圆柱面上,以便所述第二件以大体恒定的速度转动,并具有大体恒定的作用扭矩时,进一步减小所述缆索的半径和进给速率,同时增大作用于所述缆索的力。
13、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是,当所述第一空心圆柱部分的所述外圆柱面上设有一个槽,这样,当所述第二件转至这样一个位置,即所述缆索由所述较小半径的支撑部分支撑,所述缆索在进入所述缆索进给管之前已落入该槽中,以便所述第二件以大体恒定的速度转动,并具有大体恒定的作用扭矩时,进一步减小所述缆索的半径和进给速率并且增大作用于缆索的力。
14、如权利要求13所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是所述槽下面的所述第一空心圆柱部分的厚度减至缆索落在其上时能提供结构完整性所必需的最小值。
15、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是所述缆索的第二端连接在一换档器移动装置上。
16、如权利要求9所述的自行车换档器用可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是装配在车把一端大体向内一侧的车把外面。
17、一种可转动的扭柄致动系统,其特征是用以驱动穿过缆索管的缆索,并可装在一支撑件上,包括:
一扭柄,它被支承成可绕所述支撑件转动,并具有一外手握面,一缆索固定部分和一缆索支撑部分,
一套筒,它由所述支撑件支承,并固定在所述支撑件上,该套筒具有一所述缆索管固定其上的部分,
所述扭柄的在缆索进入缆索管之前支撑缆索的缆索支撑部分的相对所述扭柄转动轴线的卷取半径,随扭柄朝一个方向的转动而减小,以允许缆索在所述扭柄相对所述套筒在某些位置范围内移动时,更靠近转动轴线,在上述位置范围内所述支撑部分的半径减小,使得在所述扭柄相对所述套筒的某些其它位置处,所述缆索这样支撑,基本等于扭柄内侧半径其卷取半径,从而对作用在该扭柄上的与缆索力相对应的扭矩起作用的机械增益,与有效卷取半径成反比例,这样,当扭柄以基本恒定的速度转动,并被施以大体不变的扭矩时,所述缆索以可变的速率运动,并具有可变的力。
18、如权利要求17所述的可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是:所述扭柄在所述支撑件上直接转动,并且所述有效卷取半径在某些转角范围内基本等于所述支撑件的外侧半径。
19、如权利要求17所述的可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是:所述套筒包括一环绕和固定在所述支撑件的管,所述扭柄在该管上转动,使得在部分或全部有效的缆索拉转范围内,所述有效卷取半径基本等于所述管的外侧半径。
20、如权利要求17所述的可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是:所述扭柄在所述套筒上转动,而所述套筒设有一个槽,这样,在某些转角范围内,所述缆索落入所述套筒的所述槽中,使所述有效卷取半径基本等于所述支撑件的外侧半径。
21、如权利要求17所述的可转动手柄致动系统,其特征是:所述扭柄在所述套筒上转动,并且在某些转角范围内,所述缆索落向转动轴线,使得在这些转角范围内,所述有效卷取半径基本等于所述套筒的外侧半径。
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- 1994-03-31 TW TW91206847U patent/TW573662U/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-08-09 US US08/287,721 patent/US5584213A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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1995
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN100363647C (zh) * | 1997-02-20 | 2008-01-23 | Sram有限公司 | 具有不连续机械利益的自行车前置链移动装置 |
CN114177445A (zh) * | 2015-06-24 | 2022-03-15 | 费雪派克医疗保健有限公司 | 呼吸辅助设备 |
TWI842440B (zh) * | 2023-03-17 | 2024-05-11 | 台灣微轉股份有限公司 | 變速器握把 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH07259985A (ja) | 1995-10-13 |
US5584213A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
EP0671318A3 (en) | 1996-02-07 |
US5476019A (en) | 1995-12-19 |
EP0671318A2 (en) | 1995-09-13 |
US5524501A (en) | 1996-06-11 |
TW573662U (en) | 2004-01-21 |
TW353054B (en) | 1999-02-21 |
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