CN111149732A - Rice field fish culture method - Google Patents
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- CN111149732A CN111149732A CN202010037004.2A CN202010037004A CN111149732A CN 111149732 A CN111149732 A CN 111149732A CN 202010037004 A CN202010037004 A CN 202010037004A CN 111149732 A CN111149732 A CN 111149732A
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- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
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- 238000012136 culture method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 241001482311 Trionychidae Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000000249 desinfective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- 241000371652 Curvularia clavata Species 0.000 claims description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 61
- 235000013332 fish product Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 206010019345 Heat stroke Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000007180 Sunstroke Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 7
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- 241000270666 Testudines Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, in particular to a method for breeding fish in a rice field, which comprises the steps of rice field disinfection, rice field planning, rice planting, fry throwing and breeding management, wherein a fish pit and a fish sliding ditch communicated with the fish pit are formed in a fish breeding rice field, a water-proof layer is arranged at the bottom of the fish pit, a rice field soil layer is arranged on the water-proof layer, concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field are arranged on the periphery of the fish pit, a hole is formed at the joint of the concave walls and the fish sliding ditch and is communicated with the fish sliding ditch, shelters are fixedly arranged on four corners of the concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field of the fish pit or in the rice field, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe which are connected with a water pump are buried in the side surface of the fish pit, and valves are arranged on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural ecological breeding, in particular to a rice field fish breeding method.
Background
The fish is raised on the water surface of the rice field, so that not only can fish products be obtained, but also pests and weeds in the rice field can be eaten by the fish, manure is excreted, soil is turned over to promote fertilizer decomposition, good conditions are created for rice growth, and the yield of the rice can be increased. The fish culture in the rice field mainly takes rice as the main material and takes fish culture into consideration. The guiding idea is that according to the rice and fish symbiotic theory, the original rice field ecology is converted to a more favorable direction by utilizing the artificially created rice and fish symbiotic relation, and the purpose of increasing the yield of rice and harvesting rice is achieved. The paddy field fish culture is a three-dimensional culture mode which organically combines rice planting and fish culture in the same ecological environment. The feeding and swimming of the fishes can be utilized to eliminate weeds and swallow rice pests, the pesticide application is reduced, and meanwhile, some organic matters generated by the growth and the respiration of the rice field can be used as the food of the fishes to achieve the purpose of mutual benefit. However, the traditional fish culture in rice field is limited by high water temperature to affect the yield of fish products, the water temperature is above 30 ℃ in hot summer, and most of fishes are hidden in a deep water layer or a shady place for 'avoiding summer heat' and foraging carelessly except a few of fishes loving heat. Because different fishes have different metabolic functions, the fish has a temperature-suitable layer which is suitable for the metabolism function of the fishes: the temperature-adapted layer of the crucian is 15-25 ℃; the carp and the catfish are at 20-25 ℃; the grass carp temperature is 25-30 ℃; bream is 15-30 ℃; the temperature of the tilapia is 20-35 ℃; the temperature of the soft-shelled turtle is 17-32 ℃. The water temperature of rivers and ponds in hot summer is above 30 ℃, the water layer on the water surface of the rice field is shallow, the influence of the environmental temperature is easy to cause, and the water temperature of the rice field is higher. Therefore, the fish culture in the rice field has the technical problem that the yield of fish products is influenced by the restriction of high-temperature climate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rice field fish culture method, which can effectively solve the technical problem that high-temperature climate restriction influences the yield of fish products and improve the fish culture yield of the rice field.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems,
a rice field fish culture method comprises the following steps:
A. rice field disinfection: selecting continuous rice field with deep plough layer, and sterilizing with quicklime;
B. rice field planning: arranging a fish pit and a fish sliding ditch communicated with the fish pit in a sterilized rice field, wherein the bottom of the fish pit is provided with a water-proof layer, a rice field soil layer is arranged on the water-proof layer, concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field are arranged on the periphery of the fish pit, a hole is formed at the joint of each concave wall and the corresponding fish sliding ditch and is communicated with the corresponding fish sliding ditch, shade sheds are fixedly arranged on four corners of the concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field of the fish pit or in the rice field, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe connected with a water pump are buried in the side surfaces of the fish;
C. fry feeding: turning green at the beginning of rice planting, soaking the fry in saline water with the concentration of about 3-5% for 5-8 minutes, disinfecting the fish body, and then putting the fish body into a rice field;
D. feeding management: regularly and quantitatively throwing the baits into the fish chute and the fish pit every day.
Preferably, in the step A, before disinfection, the field is exposed to the sun, so that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, then 0.4-0.6 jin of quicklime is scattered per square meter, and after 2-3 days, irrigation is carried out, wherein the irrigation amount needs to submerge the rice field to a depth of 40-60 mm.
Preferably, in the step B, the concave wall is built by a plurality of concave cement bricks, the outer wall of the bottom end of each concave cement brick is provided with a baffle, the bottom end and the side surface of each baffle and the concave cement bricks are provided with a cavity convenient for the soft-shelled turtle to move and lay eggs, a rice field soil layer is arranged in each cavity, the fish pits are square or circular, the fish sliding grooves are arranged in the rice field in a cross shape, and the water-proof layer is a concrete layer or an assembly layer built by cement bricks.
Preferably, in the step B, the depth of the fish pit is 800-1200 mm, the area enclosed by concave walls around the fish pit is set according to the standard of 2-3 square meters per mu, the thickness of a water-proof layer is 100-200 mm, the thickness of a soil layer of a rice field is 100-150 mm, the size of the concave wall thickness and the bottom thickness of a concave cement brick are 20-30 mm, the inner volume of the concave wall is 300-400 mm in length, 150-200 mm in width, 350-450 mm in concave depth, 200-400 mm above the water surface of the rice field, and 600-1500 mm in height of a shade shed, 4 vertical rods are fixedly arranged on four corners of the concave wall or in the rice field, 4 surrounding rods and 2-3 transverse rods are arranged on the vertical rods and connected to form a shed frame, and shade cloth is arranged on the shed.
Preferably, in the step D, the amount of the fermented manure of poultry and livestock is 3-5 jin per square meter, so that the fermented manure is fully dissolved in the rice field and can be eaten by fish.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention is characterized in that concave walls are arranged around a fish pit, a shade shed is arranged on the concave walls, the temperature of water in the fish pit is lower than the temperature of the water surface layer of a rice field, particularly, one layer of concave cement brick cave layer is formed by the concave walls around the fish pit, the concave cement brick cave layer is contacted with soil layers in different depths of the rice field, and the soil layers in different depths have different temperatures, so that concave cement brick cave layer water temperature layers with different temperatures are formed, the fish can be conveniently stored in a shade place in the fish pit at high temperature and can be prevented from sunstroke, the fish can swim out from the fish pit to enter the rice field to seek food at low temperature, the technical problem that the yield of fish products is influenced by the high-temperature climate restriction in the rice field is solved, and the yield of the fish.
2. According to the invention, the water-resisting layer is arranged at the bottom of the fish pit, the concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field are arranged around the fish pit, and the depth size of the concave shape of the concave cement brick is 350-450 mm, so that the fish can conveniently avoid summer heat in the concave cement brick cave, and especially, the soft-shelled turtle can conveniently lie on the concave cement brick cave and on the concave wall higher than the water surface to sun, thereby being beneficial to the growth of the soft-shelled turtle, improving the yield of the soft-shelled turtle in the rice field, effectively preventing water from permeating and saving the water resource of the rice field.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and examples.
Example one
A method for raising fish in a rice field 1 comprises the following steps:
A. rice field 1 disinfection: selecting a connected rice field 1 with a deeper plough layer, disinfecting the connected rice field with quicklime, exposing the field in the sun before disinfection to ensure that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, then scattering 0.4-0.6 jin of quicklime per square meter, and irrigating after 2-3 days, wherein the irrigation amount is required to submerge the rice field to a depth of 40-60 mm;
B. planning a rice field 1: a fish pit 3 and a fish sliding ditch 2 communicated with the fish pit 3 are arranged in a fish culture rice field 1, the bottom of the fish pit 3 is provided with a water-proof layer, a soil layer of the rice field 1 is arranged on the water-proof layer, concave walls 6 higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 are arranged around the fish pit 3, a hole is arranged at the joint of the concave walls 6 and the fish sliding ditch 2 and communicated with the fish sliding ditch 2, shadow shelters are fixed on four corners of the concave walls 6 higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 of the fish pit 3 or in the rice field 1, a water inlet pipe 11 and a water outlet pipe 13 connected with a water pump are buried in the side surface of the fish pit 3, and valves 12 are;
Two fish chutes 2 which are cross-shaped are arranged in a square paddy field 1 similar to one mu, a fish pit 3 is arranged at the crossing position of the two fish chutes 2, a water-proof layer is arranged at the bottom of the fish pit 3, the thickness of the water-proof layer is 100 mm because of solid soil layer, concave walls 6 are arranged on the water-proof layers around the fish pit 3, the concave walls 6 are arranged from the water-proof layers around the bottom of the fish pit 3 to a position which is 200 mm higher than the water surface of the paddy field 1, the area of the fish pit 3 enclosed by the concave walls 6 is about 1500 mm long and about 1500 mm wide based on the size of the selected concave cement bricks, the fish pit 3 is about 800 mm deep, the width of one concave cement brick is arranged around the fish pit 3 and the connection position of the fish chutes 2, holes at the height of the two concave cement bricks are communicated with the fish chutes 2, so that different fishes can conveniently enter and exit the fish pit 3, the thickness of the soil layer of the paddy field 1 is 100 mm, 4 basic upright poles are, the vertical rods are provided with 4 surrounding rods and 2-3 cross rods which are connected and fixed to form a shed frame, and the shed is provided with shading cloth. The device forms water temperature layers with different temperatures suitable for fish growth along with the change of environmental climate temperature, a soil layer of a rice field 1 is arranged on a water-resisting layer at the bottom of a fish pit 3, turtles or other fishes can conveniently find food in a sunstroke-preventing way at the highest climate temperature, concave cement brick cave water temperature layers with different temperatures are formed on concave walls 6 around the fish pit 3, the fishes can conveniently find food in the cave water temperature layers in a sunstroke-preventing way, particularly, turtles which are not good at floating in a water layer for a long time can conveniently find food in the concave cement brick caves in a sunstroke-preventing way when lying on the pits, the concave walls 6 which are 200 mm higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 can also conveniently lie on the soft-shelled turtles to sun, the device solves the technical problem that the high-temperature climate restriction of fish culture in the rice field 1 affects the yield of fish products, and can improve the yield of the fish product in the rice field 1;
C. fry feeding: turning green after rice planting, soaking the fry of soft-shelled turtle, crucian, carp, loach and the like in salt water with the concentration of about 3-5% for 5-8 minutes, disinfecting the fry and putting the fry into the rice field 1;
D. feeding management: uniformly throwing baits into the fish chute 2 and the fish pit 3 regularly and quantitatively every day; keeping the water level at 15-30 mm in the early growth stage of the rice, and increasing the water level to 100-150 mm in the middle and later growth stages; the water level is reduced through the drain pipe before fertilization or pesticide application, so that the fish swims to the fish hole 3, the water level is raised after the fertilization or pesticide application is completed, the fish swims to the fish sliding groove 2 and the rice field 1 (environment-friendly pesticides are selected and water can not be drained), 1-2 times of daily tour are performed, 3-5 jin of poultry and livestock fermentation manure is applied according to each square meter during fertilization, and the fermentation manure is fully dissolved in the rice field 1 and can also be eaten by the fish.
Example two
A method for raising fish in a rice field 1 comprises the following steps:
A. rice field 1 disinfection: selecting a connected rice field 1 with a deep plough layer which is convenient to drain and irrigate, disinfecting the connected rice field with quicklime, exposing the field in the sun before disinfection to ensure that no obvious water is accumulated in the field, then scattering 0.4-0.6 jin of quicklime per square meter, and irrigating after 2-3 days, wherein the irrigation amount is required to submerge the rice field to a depth of 20-50 mm;
B. planning a rice field 1: a fish pit 3 and a fish sliding ditch 2 communicated with the fish pit 3 are arranged in a fish culture rice field 1, the bottom of the fish pit 3 is provided with a water-proof layer, a soil layer of the rice field 1 is arranged on the water-proof layer, concave walls 6 higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 are arranged around the fish pit 3, a hole is arranged at the joint of the concave walls 6 and the fish sliding ditch 2 and communicated with the fish sliding ditch 2, shadow shelters are fixed on four corners of the concave walls 6 higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 of the fish pit 3 or in the rice field 1, a water inlet pipe 11 and a water outlet pipe 13 connected with a water pump are buried in the side surface of the fish pit 3, and valves 12 are;
Two fish chutes 2 which are cross-shaped are arranged in a square paddy field 1 similar to one mu, a fish pit 3 is arranged at the crossing position of the two fish chutes 2, a water-proof layer is arranged at the bottom of the fish pit 3, the thickness of the water-proof layer is 150 mm due to solid soil layer, concave walls 6 are arranged on the water-proof layers around the fish pit 3, the concave walls 6 are arranged from the water-proof layers around the bottom of the fish pit 3 to a position 300 mm higher than the water surface of the paddy field 1, the area of the fish pit 3 enclosed by the concave walls 6 is about 1500 mm long and about 1500 mm wide based on the size of the selected concave cement bricks, the fish pit 3 is about 1100 mm deep, the width of one concave cement brick is arranged around the fish pit 3 and at the connection position of the fish chutes 2, holes at the heights of the two concave cement bricks are communicated with the fish chutes 2, so that different fishes can conveniently enter and exit the fish pit 3, the soil layer thickness of the paddy field 1 is 120 mm, and 4 basic upright poles are respectively arranged, the vertical rods are provided with 4 surrounding rods and 2-3 cross rods which are connected and fixed to form a shed frame, and the shed is provided with shading cloth. The device forms water temperature layers with different temperatures suitable for fish growth along with the change of environmental climate temperature, a soil layer of a rice field 1 is arranged on a water-resisting layer at the bottom of a fish pit 3, turtles or other fishes can conveniently find food in a sunstroke-preventing way at the highest climate temperature, concave cement brick cave water temperature layers with different temperatures are formed on concave walls 6 around the fish pit 3, the fishes can conveniently find food in the cave water temperature layers in a sunstroke-preventing way, particularly, turtles which are not good at floating in a water layer for a long time can conveniently find food in the concave cement brick caves in a sunstroke-preventing way when lying on the pits, the concave walls 6 which are 300 mm higher than the water surface of the rice field 1 can also conveniently lie on the soft-shelled turtles to sun, the device solves the technical problem that the high-temperature climate restriction of fish culture in the rice field 1 affects the yield of fish products, and can improve the yield of the fish product in the rice field 1;
C. fry feeding: turning green after rice planting, soaking the fry of soft-shelled turtle, crucian, carp, loach and the like in salt water with the concentration of about 3-5% for 5-8 minutes, disinfecting the fry and putting the fry into the rice field 1;
D. feeding management: uniformly throwing baits into the fish chute 2 and the fish pit 3 regularly and quantitatively every day; keeping the water level at 15-30 mm in the early growth stage of the rice, and increasing the water level to 100-150 mm in the middle and later growth stages; the water level is reduced through the drain pipe before fertilization or pesticide application, so that the fish swims to the fish hole 3, the water level is raised after the fertilization or pesticide application is completed, the fish swims to the fish sliding groove 2 and the rice field 1 (environment-friendly pesticides are selected and water can not be drained), 1-2 times of daily tour are performed, 3-5 jin of poultry and livestock fermentation manure is applied according to each square meter during fertilization, and the fermentation manure is fully dissolved in the rice field 1 and can also be eaten by the fish.
EXAMPLE III
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is: the rice field 1 is located the place that the topography is flat, and about 5 mu in rice field 1 area, divides 5 mu of rice field 1 into 4 regions, sets up fish hole 3 and swift current fish ditch 2 respectively according to 2 ~ 3 square meter standards per mu, solves 1 breeding fish in rice field and has high temperature climate restriction influence fish product output technical problem to improve 1 fish product output in rice field in the temperature layer that the most suitable fish grows.
Example four
The difference between the present embodiment and the first embodiment is: the paddy field 1 is in a strip shape, the fish pits 3 and the fish sliding grooves 2 are arranged according to the standard of 2-3 square meters per mu, the technical problem that the fish raising in the paddy field 1 is restricted by high-temperature climate to influence the yield of fish products is solved, and the yield of the fish products in the paddy field 1 is improved by a water temperature layer which is most suitable for the growth of the fish.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, the present invention should not be limited by the description of the present invention, which should be interpreted as a limitation.
Claims (5)
1. A rice field fish culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. rice field disinfection: selecting continuous rice field with deep plough layer, and sterilizing with quicklime;
B. rice field planning: arranging a fish pit and a fish sliding ditch communicated with the fish pit in a sterilized rice field, wherein the bottom of the fish pit is provided with a water-proof layer, a rice field soil layer is arranged on the water-proof layer, concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field are arranged on the periphery of the fish pit, a hole is formed at the joint of each concave wall and the corresponding fish sliding ditch and is communicated with the corresponding fish sliding ditch, shade sheds are fixedly arranged on four corners of the concave walls higher than the water surface of the rice field of the fish pit or in the rice field, a water inlet pipe and a water outlet pipe connected with a water pump are buried in the side surfaces of the fish;
C. fry feeding: turning green at the beginning of rice planting, soaking the fry in saline water with the concentration of about 3-5% for 5-8 minutes, disinfecting the fish body, and then putting the fish body into a rice field;
D. feeding management: regularly and quantitatively throwing the baits into the fish chute and the fish pit every day.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein in the step A, the field is exposed to sunlight before sterilization to prevent a significant amount of water from accumulating in the field, and then 0.4 to 0.6 jin of quicklime is applied per square meter, and the field is irrigated after 2 to 3 days in an amount of 40 to 60 mm deep into the paddy field.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the concave wall is built by a plurality of concave cement bricks, each of the concave cement bricks has a baffle plate on the outer wall of the bottom end, the baffle plate and the bottom and side surfaces of the concave cement brick form a cavity for the soft-shelled turtle to move and lay eggs, the soil layer in the rice field is arranged in the cavity, the fish pit is square or circular, the fish chute is arranged in the rice field in a cross shape, and the water-proof layer is a concrete layer or an assembly layer built by cement bricks.
4. The method for culturing fish in paddy field according to claim 1, wherein in the step B, the depth of the fish pit is 800 to 1200 mm, the area enclosed by the concave walls around the fish pit is set according to the standard of 2 to 3 square meters per mu, the thickness of the water barrier is 100 to 200 mm, the thickness of the soil layer in paddy field is 100 to 150 mm, the thickness of the concave wall and the bottom thickness of the concave cement brick are 20 to 30 mm, the inner volume of the concave wall is 300 to 400 mm, 150 to 200 mm, 200 to 450 mm, the concave wall is 200 to 400 mm higher than the water surface of paddy field, the height of the shelter is 600 to 1500 mm, 4 vertical rods are fixed on four corners of the concave wall or in paddy field, 4 surrounding rods are arranged on the vertical rods, 2 to 3 cross rods are connected and fixed to form a canopy frame, and a shade cloth is arranged on the canopy.
5. The method for raising fish in rice field according to claim 1, wherein in the step D, the fermented manure of poultry and livestock is applied in an amount of 3-5 jin per square meter, so that the fermented manure is sufficiently dissolved in the rice field and can be eaten by fish.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113424786A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-24 | 马鞍山市徽农农业科技发展有限公司 | Australia freshwater lobster paddy field breeding method |
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