CN111095578A - 半导体多层结构 - Google Patents

半导体多层结构 Download PDF

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CN111095578A
CN111095578A CN201780094957.9A CN201780094957A CN111095578A CN 111095578 A CN111095578 A CN 111095578A CN 201780094957 A CN201780094957 A CN 201780094957A CN 111095578 A CN111095578 A CN 111095578A
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A·阿霍
R·伊莎霍
A·图基艾嫩
M·D·圭那
J·夫赫利艾拉
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Tampere Foundation, University of
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Tty-Saatio Sr
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Abstract

根据本公开,提供了半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),所述半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60)包括:基材(5,7,17)和半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,19,23)。该基材包括由Ge制成的层(2,24);以及该半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,19,23)包括至少一个第一层和至少一个第二层。至少一个第一层由选自下组的材料构成:AlxGai‑ xAs,其中x为约0.6,AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs,其中0≤x≤0.6且0≤y≤0.02,AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs1‑zPz、AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs1‑zNz、和AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs1‑z‑cNzPc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤1,AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs1‑z‑cNzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤0.7,AlxGa1‑x‑yInyAs1‑z‑ cPzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤1和0≤c≤0.3,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1;并且至少一个第二层由选自下组的材料构成:GaInAsNSb、GaInAsN、AlGaInAsNSb、AlGaInAsN、GaAs、GaInAs、GaInAsSb、GaInNSb、GaInP、GaInPNSb、GaInPSb、GaInPN、AlInP、AlInPNSb、AlInPN、AlInPSb、AlGaInP、AlGaInPNSb、AlGaInPN、AlGaInPSb、GaInAsP、GaInAsPNSb、GaInAsPN、GaInAsPSb、GaAsP、GaAsPNSb、GaAsPN、GaAsPSb、AlGaInAs和AlGaAs,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1,其中,半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11)生长于基材(5,7,17)的Ge层(2,24)上。

Description

半导体多层结构
本公开涉及用于半导体装置,其包括:半导体多层结构,其包括至少一个第一层和至少一个第二层:至少一个第一层由选自下组的材料构成:AlxGa1-xAs,其中x为约0.6,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0≤x≤0.6且0≤y≤0.02,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz、和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤1,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z- cNzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤0.7,以及AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cPzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤1和0≤c≤0.3,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1;以及至少一个第二层由选自下组的材料构成:GaInAsNSb、GaInAsN、AlGaInAsNSb、AlGaInAsN、GaAs、GaInAs、GaInAsSb、GaInNSb、GaInP、GaInPNSb、GaInPSb、GaInPN、AlInP、AlInPNSb、AlInPN、AlInPSb、AlGaInP、AlGaInPNSb、AlGaInPN、AlGaInPSb、GaInAsP、GaInAsPNSb、GaInAsPN、GaInAsPSb、GaAsP、GaAsPNSb、GaAsPN、GaAsPSb、AlGaInAs和AlGaAs,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1。
具有GaAs基材料的无源(inactive)层的砷化镓(GaAs)基结构是一种制造光电子器件的通用方法,例如,边发射激光器(EEL)、垂直外腔面发射激光器(VECSEL)、垂直腔表面发射激光器(VCSEL)、太阳能电池(SC)、检测器、发光二极管(LED)、半导体光放大器(SOA)、可饱和吸收镜(SESAM)。此外,具有至少一层AlGaAs材料或GaAs材料的砷化镓(GaAs)基结构是一种用于制造高速晶体管的方法。
当在GaAs基材上制造具有基于AlGaAs材料的无活性层的半导体多层结构时,当层厚度增加时,AlGaAs层将不再晶格匹配,并且会累积对于结构的压缩应变。Al的组成x越高,AlGaAs层越厚,该结构的标称应变越大。
基于实验结果和临界厚度计算,光电子部件的使用寿命在很大程度上取决于结构中的总应变。应变的积累还可导致晶体生长期间以失配位错的形式发生应变弛豫。失配位错形成将导致器件性能下降。可以获得更长的器件寿命和更高的激光输出功率,而不会失配位错。在含AlxGa1-xAs(x=0.6)的GaAs上制造厚层结构时,已经积累了过多的应变。这样的层通常用作有源多层结构的覆层,导致半导体器件的寿命缩短。
因此,需要提供一种半导体多层结构,其包括至少一层基于GaAs材料的层和至少一层其他材料的层,以避免或至少减少压缩应变的累积。
期望将光电子或光子器件集成在微电子器件(如集成电路)中或上。然而,例如,在待处理的波长为1.3μm的电磁辐射下运行的光电子器件需要基于AlGaAs材料的无源层。然而,这样的AlGaAs材料不能直接在Si基材上按所需质量生长。
因此,需要基于生长于Si基材、Ge基材或SiGe基材上III族元素和V族元素的半导体多层结构,以提供基于III族元素和V族元素的Si基微电子和光电子器件。
此外,需要将高速晶体管集成在Si基材、Ge基材或SiGe基材上。
上述目的的至少一个通过如权利要求1所述的半导体装置解决。
在一个实施方式中,半导体多层结构是光电子半导体多层结构,其包括形成无源层的多个第一层和形成有源层的多个第二层。
令人惊讶地发现在基材的Ge层上可以生长半导体多层结构,所述半导体多层结构具有至少一个第一层和至少一个第二层:至少一个第一层由选自下组的材料构成:AlxGa1- xAs,其中x为约0.6,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0≤x≤0.6且0≤y≤0.02,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz、和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤1,AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、和0≤c≤0.7,以及AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cPzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤1和0≤c≤0.3,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1;并且至少一个第二层由选自下组的材料构成:GaInAsNSb、GaInAsN、AlGaInAsNSb、AlGaInAsN、GaAs、GaInAs、GaInAsSb、GaInNSb、GaInP、GaInPNSb、GaInPSb、GaInPN、AlInP、AlInPNSb、AlInPN、AlInPSb、AlGaInP、AlGaInPNSb、AlGaInPN、AlGaInPSb、GaInAsP、GaInAsPNSb、GaInAsPN、GaInAsPSb、GaAsP、GaAsPNSb、GaAsPN、GaAsPSb、AlGaInAs和AlGaAs,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1。
此外,证明了该特定的材料组合避免了结构中压缩应变的积累累积。半导体多层结构中压缩应变的累积减少使得半导体期间的预期工作寿命显著增加。
在本公开的一个实施方式中,半导体多层结构形成有源光电子器件。在一个实施方式中,有源光电子器件在0.51μm至1.7μm的单个或多个波长下工作,一般说来用于处理、产生或检测电磁辐射。在一个实施方式中,有源光电子器件在1.3μm的波长下工作。
在光电子半导体多层结构的情况下,存在多种方法以使至少一个第一层(例如,多个无源层)中的任一之间的晶格失配减少。
在本公开的一个实施方式中,半导体多层结构中至少一个第一层由选自下组的材料构成:
AlxGa1-xAs,其中x为约0.6,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0<x≤0.6且0<y≤0.02,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz、和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中0<x≤1、0<y≤1、0<z≤0.3、和0<c≤1,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzSbc,其中0<x≤1、0<y≤1、0<z≤0.3、和0<c≤0.7,以及
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cPzSbc,其中0<x≤1、0<y≤1、0<z≤1、和0<c≤0.3。
在另一实施方式中,半导体多层结构的第一层由AlxGa1–xAs材料构成,AlxGa1–xAs材料依赖Al的组成x来选择,其中,当x为约0.6,该材料为AlxGa1-xAs,当0≤x≤0.6,该材料为AlxGa1–x–yInyAs,其中0≤y≤0.02,或者当x>0.6,该材料选自下组:AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中,0≤y≤0.02、0≤z≤0.3、和0≤z≤1。
在另一实施方式中,半导体多层结构的第一层由AlxGa1–xAs材料构成,AlxGa1–xAs材料依赖Al的组成x来选择,其中,当x为约0.6,该材料为AlxGa1-xAs,当0≤x≤0.6,该材料为AlxGa1–x–yInyAs,其中0<y≤0.02,或者当x>0.6,该材料选自下组:AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中,0<y≤0.02、0<z≤0.3、和0<z≤1。
相对于基材的Ge层而言,可以用作多个无源层材料的上述各AlxGa1–xAs材料的晶格失配非常低。
在一个实施方式中,半导体多层结构的至少一个第一层(例如,光电子半导体多层结构的任意无源层)的晶格常数与基材的Ge层的晶格常数的差异小于GaAs的晶格常数和Ge的晶格常数之间的差值。
在一个实施方式中,半导体多层结构的任意第一层或任意第二层可以是掺杂的或非掺杂的。任意层可以具有n型或p型掺杂以提供n型或p型导电性,或者可以是无掺杂的。掺杂剂元素的实例为Si、Se、Sn、S、Te、Be、C、Mg、Ge和Zn。
在本公开的一个实施方式,基材包括硅(Si)层、硅锗(SiGe)层,第二锗(Ge)层、或多个由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料组成的层,其中,Ge层生长在Si层上、或SiGe层上、或在第二Ge层上或在多个由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料组成的层上。
在本公开的另一实施方式中,基材的Ge层是应变弛豫的,并且Ge层与基材的Si层、SiGe层或第二Ge层直接接触而生长。
在另一替代性实施方式,相对于选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料构成的基材的另一层,基材的Ge层是压缩应变的,并且基材还包括应变补偿层,其中应变补偿层与Ge层和半导体多层结构之间与Ge层直接接触而生长。
在一个实施方式中,应变补偿层由选自下组的材料构成:Si、SiGe、AlP、GaP、GaInP、AlInP、GaAsP、GaInAsP、GaNAsP、GaAsN、GaInAsN、GaInNP和AlGaInAsP。
对于在基材的Si或SiGe层上的基材的经压缩应变的Ge层,在基材的Ge层与半导体多层结构的层之间需要应变补偿层。在该情况下,可能需要向至少一个第一层(例如多个无源层)的材料中添加N或P或添加N和P,以使第一层(例如光电子多层结构的多个无源层)的晶格常数与基材的应变Ge层的晶格常数匹配。在具体实施方式中,基材的经压缩应变的Ge层上的半导体多层结构的至少一个第一层(例如,光电子多层结构的多个无源层)的材料选自下组:AlGaInAsNPSb基材料。
本发明的半导体器件允许在基材上生长半导体多层结构,所述基材包括至少一层由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料组成的层。
原则上,Si基的基材允许降低制造价格。此外,在本公开的一个实施方式中,Si、SiGe或Ge基的基材允许在与半导体器件相同的基材上集成微电子电路,例如,微处理器、储存芯片和逻辑部件。
在一个实施方式,基材包括:由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料构成的层,其中,基材的Ge层生长于由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料构成的层上,并且,在由选自Si、SiGe和Ge的材料构成的层上制造微电子器件。
在一个实施方式中,光电子半导体多层结构是形成激光增益结构的异质结构。
在另一实施方式中,光电子半导体多层结构包括具有分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)的有源半导体器件,所述分布式布拉格反射器(DBR)具有多层AlGaAs基材料层。
在另一实施方式中,半导体多层结构包括晶体管。
由本公开实施方式的以下描述以及各个附图,本公开的其它优点、特征和应用将变得显而易见。
图1是根据本公开光电子半导体器件的一个实施方式的示意性横截面图。
图2是根据本公开光电子半导器件体器件的一个替代性实施方式的示意性横截面图。
图3是根据本公开光电子半导体器件的另一实施方式的示意性横截面图。
图4是根据本公开一个实施方式的光电子半导体器件的更详细的示意性横截面图。
图5是根据本公开另一实施方式的光电子半导体器件的详细示意性横截面图。
图6是根据本公开光电子半导体的另一实施方式的示意性横截面图。
图7是表示测试时间内相对输出功率的比较图。
图8是图7的测试中的器件的示意图。
图9是显示Ge基材上的GaAs层的X射线衍射信号的图表。
图10是根据本公开半导体器件的示意性横截面图,其中,半导体多层结构包括晶体管。
在附图中,相同元件由相同的附图标记表示。
图1至图4的示意性截面图显示了根据本公开实施方式的半导体器件的原理设计。
图1至6和10的所有半导体器件1、10、20、30具有基材,该基材具有Ge层2、3。除了例如GaAs之外,根据本公开的所选择的III-V材料的半导体多层结构可以在Ge上生长而基本不累积压缩应变。
令人惊讶地是,事实证明可以在Ge层2上生长光电子半导体多层结构,以形成在波长范围为电磁辐射的0.54μm至1.7μm波长内有效工作的有源光电子器件,所述光电子多层结构包括:
形成有源层的多个第二层和多个无源层,所述第二层由选自下组的材料构成:GaInAsNSb、GaInAsN、AlGaInAsNSb、AlGaInAsN、GaAs、GaInAs、GaInAsSb、GaInNSb、GaInP、GaInPNSb、GaInPSb、GaInPN、AlInP、AlInPNSb、AlInPN、AlInPSb、AlGaInP、AlGaInPNSb、AlGaInPN、AlGaInPSb、GaInAsP、GaInAsPNSb、GaInAsPN、GaInAsPSb、GaAsP、GaAsPNSb、GaAsPN、GaAsPSb、AlGaInAs和AlGaAs,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1;
所述无源层由选自下组的材料构成:
AlxGa1-xAs,其中x为约0.6,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0≤x≤0.6且0≤y≤0.02,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz、和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中,0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、和0≤c≤1,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、和0≤c≤0.7,以及
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cPzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤1和0≤c≤0.3,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,并且所有V族元素含量之和等于1。
在图1至图3的实例中,半导体多层结构3是激光器结构,所述激光器结构包括多个由GaInAsNSb组成的有源层以及多个由AlGaInAsNP组成的无源层。
图1至图3中的多层结构3的所有无源层都不具有与下面Ge层2、3的晶格常数相差大于GaAs的晶格常数与Ge的晶格常数之差的晶格常数。
图1和2的实施方式的区别在于其基材2、5的具体选择。
在图1的实施方式中,基材仅由Ge层2组成。不同的是,图2实施方式的基材由Ge层2和Si层6组成。
在图2的实施方式中,Ge层是直接生长于Si层6上的应变弛豫Ge层。半导体多层结构4继而直接生长于弛豫的Ge层2上。
图2的实施方式具有如下优点:基材5的Si层6可以用作在支撑光电子半导体多层结构4的相同基材5上微电子器件的基材。
在附图未显示的替代性实施方式中,图2的基材5的Si层6可以被由Ge或SiGe组成的层替代。
图3的半导体器件20与图2实施方式的主要区别在于其基材7的具体选择。在该实施方式中,Ge层24不是应变弛豫的,而是具有高残余压缩应变,因此其横向晶格常数(lateral lattice constant)小于图1和图2的应变弛豫的Ge层2。
为了使多层结构3仍然能够生长于基材7上,使其它应变补偿层8(在该情况下是AlInP)生长于Ge层24上,并且使Ge层24生长于SiGe层16上。
在该情况下,为了能够在基材7上生长多层结构9,需要降低无源层材料的晶格常数。对于图3的实施方式,已选择Al0.6Ga0.39In0.01As0.998N0.001P0.001
通过使用Si层6和Ge层24之间的SiGe层16,晶格常数从Si逐渐增加至Ge,其中,SiGe层在Ge层生长于其顶部上之前是弛豫的。Ge组成随着SiGe层16的厚度改变。然而,在生长Ge层之前,晶格常数不会达到Ge的晶格常数。因此,在Ge层24中仍有残余压缩应变,其通过使用AlInP的应变补偿层8来补偿。AlInP的晶格常数比与SiGe层16接触的Ge层24部分还要小。
为了在该结构上成功生长AlGaAs材料,需要降低无源层的AlGaAs材料的晶格常数。这可以通过选择适当组成的AlGaInAsNP来实现,例如,可以使用Al0.6Ga0.39In0.01As0.94 9N0.001P0.05,其中,将z和c调整为达到所需的晶格常数,该晶格常数小于Ge的晶格常数且大于应变补偿层8的晶格常数。
图4显示了按照图2设计原理的半导体器件的更详细的视图。
同样,基材5包括Si层6和应变弛豫Ge层2,其中,激光器结构11生长于基材5上。在附图未显示的实施方式中,Si层6可以很好地被Ge层替代。
在图5的实施方式中,SiGe层16位于Si层6和应变的Ge层24之间。此外,应变补偿层8位于Ge层24和光电子半导体多层结构11之间。在该实施方式中,基材17由Si层6、SiGe层16、Ge层24和应变补偿层8形成。
图4和图5的激光器结构11包括多量子阱结构12。多量子阱结构12具有量子阱材料和势垒材料(barrier material)的多个交替层。当插入两层势垒材料之间时,带隙小于势垒材料的量子阱材料形成用于电子和空穴的势阱(量子阱)。多量子阱结构12由被势垒材料隔开的一个或多个量子阱形成。
量子阱结构12夹在均为GaInAs的两个波导层13之间。GaInAs层14的功能是用作波导,并且将光场保持在多量子阱结构12的区域中。这些无源波导层13具有高达3μm的相当厚度,但是仍然不会导致结构中压缩应变的任意实质性累积。
此外,光电子多层结构11包括Al0.6Ga0.4 As的两个覆层14。另外,在覆层14顶部上,存在接触层15。
图6显示根据本公开半导体器件40的一个替代性实施方式的示意性横截面图。如上文已经参考图2和4描述,在基材5上已经生长了光电子半导体多层结构23。
除了嵌入两个覆层14之间的多量子阱结构12和该结构顶部的附加接触层15之外,将分布式布拉格反射器18集成到多层结构23中。可以实现如上文详述的基材5的替代性设计。
图7是表示以小时计的测试时间内以任意单位计的相对输出功率的图表。图7的曲线中的连续线表示比较结构的输出功率,其中,在GaAs基材上制造激光二极管。对比结构示意性显示于图8b)中。对比结构的相对输出功率随测试时间增加而下降。
图7的曲线中的虚线表示本公开的半导体器件的输出功率,所述半导体器件包括在具有Ge层的基材上结构化的激光二极管。对比结构示意性显示于图8a)中。对比结构的相对输出功率在测试时间内大致恒定。
图8c)显示根据图8a)和b)的激光二极管的光电子多层结构的带隙。
图9是显示利用Ge基材上所生长GaAs层的Ω-2θ角度的X射线衍射信号的图表。衍射峰的差异(以弧秒计)与GaAs和Ge层之间的晶格失配有关。Ge层上基于AlGaAs材料的层的失配不应超过此范围。图8中的GaAs层的应变是拉伸的,这意味着GaAs峰在Ge峰的右侧。但是,AlGaAs在Ge上的应变也可能是压缩的,在该情况下,其衍射峰将在Ge峰的左侧,但该距离仍应等于或小于GaAs和Ge峰的距离
图10是半导体器件60的示意性横截面图,其中,所述半导体多层器件60具有形成晶体管的微电子多层半导体结构19。基材17等于图5的基材17。由半导体多层结构19形成的晶体管包括:AlGaAs基材料的层21和由AlGaInAsNSb组成的层22。为了能够作为晶体管工作,多层结构19还具有分别用作晶体管栅极、漏极和源极的接触部23、25。
出于原始公开的目的,需要指出的是,如果没有明确排除或在技术上不可能,由本说明书、附图和权利要求书中对本领域技术人员显而易见的所有特征即使仅按其它特征进行了描述,也可以单独组合或与本文所公开所有特征的组合组合在一起。省略了特征的所有可能组合的全面清楚的描述仅是为了为说明书提供可读性。
虽然已经参考有限数量的实施方式对本公开进行了描述,但是应理解本公开不限于这些实施方式。包括各种改变的其它实施方式不会背离本公开的范围具体来说,不应将将优选实施方式的描述理解为限于说明书和附图中明确显示和描述的内容,而是应整体涵盖说明书和附图的公开内容。
附图标记
1,10,20,30,40,50 光电子半导体器件
60 微电子半导体器件
2,24 Ge层
3,4,11,23 光电子半导体多层结构
5,7,17 基材
6 Si层
8 应变补偿层
12 多量子阱结构
13 波导层
14 覆层
15 接触层
16 SiGe层
18 分布式布拉格反射器
19 微电子半导体多层结构
21 AlGaAs基层
22 AlGaInAsNSb层
25 源极/漏极
26 栅极

Claims (11)

1.半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其包括:
基材(5,7,17),其包括由Ge制成的层(2,24);以及
半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,19,23),其包括至少一个第一层和至少一个第二层:
至少一个第一层由选自下组的材料构成:
AlxGa1-xAs,其中x为约0.6,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0≤x≤0.6且0≤y≤0.02,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zPz、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz、和AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤1,
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cNzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤0.7,以及
AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-z-cPzSbc,其中0≤x≤1、0≤y≤1、0≤z≤1和0≤c≤0.3,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1;并且
至少一个第二层由选自下组的材料构成:GaInAsNSb、GaInAsN、AlGaInAsNSb、AlGaInAsN、GaAs、GaInAs、GaInAsSb、GaInNSb、GaInP、GaInPNSb、GaInPSb、GaInPN、AlInP、AlInPNSb、AlInPN、AlInPSb、AlGaInP、AlGaInPNSb、AlGaInPN、AlGaInPSb、GaInAsP、GaInAsPNSb、GaInAsPN、GaInAsPSb、GaAsP、GaAsPNSb、GaAsPN、GaAsPSb、AlGaInAs和AlGaAs,其中,对于任意材料,所有III族元素含量之和等于1,所有V族元素含量之和等于1,
其中,半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11)生长于基材(5,7,17)的Ge层(2,24)上。
2.如前述权利要求所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50),其特征在于,半导体多层结构是包括如下所述的层的光电子半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,23):
多个形成无源层的第一层;以及
多个形成有源层的第二层。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,19,23)的至少一个第一层由满足以下条件之一的AlxGa1-xAs材料构成:
x为约0.6,并且材料为AlxGa1-xAs,
0≤x≤0.6,并且材料是AlxGa1-x-yInyAs,其中0≤y≤0.02,或者
x>0.6,并且材料选自下组:AlxGa1-x-yInyAszP1-z、AlxGa1-x-yInyAs1-zNz和AlxGa1-x- yInyAs1-z-cNzPc,其中0≤y≤0.02、0≤z≤0.3、且0≤c≤1。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11,19,23)的至少一个第一层的晶格常数与基材(5,7,17)的Ge层(2,24)的晶格常数的差异为GaAs的晶格常数和Ge的晶格常数之间的差值或更低。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,基材(5,7,17)包括一层或多层选自下组材料的附加层(6):Si、SiGe和Ge。
6.如前述权利要求所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,Ge层(2)相对于基材的至少一个附加层是应变弛豫的。
7.如权利要求6所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,Ge层(24)相对于基材(7)的至少一个附加层(6)是压缩应变的,并且基材(7)还包括应变补偿层(8),其中,应变补偿层(8)与Ge层(2)和半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11)之间或与Ge层(2)和基材(7)的另一层之间的Ge层(2)直接接触而生长。
8.如从属于权利要求2的前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11)是形成激光增益结构的异质结构。
9.如从属于权利要求5的前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,在基材(5,7)的另一层(6)上制造微电子器件。
10.如从属于权利要求2的前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,光电子半导体多层结构(3,4,9,11)包括包含多层AlGaAs基材料层的分布式布拉格反射器。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的半导体器件(1,10,20,30,40,50,60),其特征在于,半导体多层结构是晶体管。
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