CN111094477A - 导热憎冰涂层 - Google Patents

导热憎冰涂层 Download PDF

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CN111094477A
CN111094477A CN201780094654.7A CN201780094654A CN111094477A CN 111094477 A CN111094477 A CN 111094477A CN 201780094654 A CN201780094654 A CN 201780094654A CN 111094477 A CN111094477 A CN 111094477A
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宋小梅
陈昱
陈红宇
沈国栋
陈文杰
赵建
郭中冕
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Abstract

公开涂层组合物,所述涂层组合物提供对冰具有非常低的粘附力以及通过加热功率更快地除去冰的涂层。所述涂层组合物含有硅橡胶、导热填料、反应性聚硅氧烷、含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷、催化剂和溶剂。

Description

导热憎冰涂层
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及涂层组合物,其提供对冰具有非常低的粘附力以及通过加热功率更快地除去冰的涂层。
背景技术
寒冷环境中的结冰(制品上积聚的冰)给许多应用带来问题,所述应用包括风力涡轮机的转子和叶片、电力线、电信、运输工具、飞行器以及如冰箱、冷冻箱和冰盘的家庭用品。这些应用中的一些需要通过加热从制品的表面容易并且更快地除去冰。对于这类应用,减少加热时间将提高从制品上除去冰的效率。除了通过加热容易并且更快地除去冰之外,还需要防止具有非常低的冰粘附强度(即冰几乎不粘附到涂层上)的涂层积聚冰的方法。这类涂层被称为“憎冰涂层”,并且一些现有技术参考文献公开制品的表面上的憎冰涂层,例如,US2015/0361319A、WO2016/176350A、WO2015/119943A、US9,388,325B和US2010/0326699。
发明内容
本发明提供涂层组合物,其示出对冰的非常低的粘附力以及通过加热更快地除去冰。
本发明的一个方面涉及涂层组合物,其包含:(A)20至40重量%的硅橡胶,(B)1至3重量%的导热填料,(C)0.5至1重量%的具有式(1)的聚硅氧烷:
R1 3Si(OSiMe2)mOSiR2 r R3 (3-r) 式(1)
其中Me为甲基,R1和R3独立地为具有1至4个碳原子的烷基,R2为选自羟基、具有1至3个碳原子的烷氧基、乙烯基和氢原子的基团,r为1至3的数字,并且m为30至100的数字,(D)0.5至2重量%的含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷,(E)0.4至0.6重量%的催化剂,和(F)50至70重量%的溶剂。
在另一方面,本发明涉及由以上公开的涂层组合物形成的涂膜。
在又一方面,本发明涉及制品,其在制品的表面的至少一部分处具有膜,其中膜由以上公开的涂层组合物形成。
具体实施方式
本发明的涂层组合物包含(A)硅橡胶、(B)导热填料、(C)在聚硅氧烷的一端具有反应性基团的聚硅氧烷、(D)含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷、(E)催化剂和(F)溶剂。
(A)硅橡胶
涂层组合物中使用的硅橡胶为交联的聚硅氧烷聚合物,并且在涂层组合物中用作基质聚合物。硅橡胶也被称为‘粘结剂树脂’或‘基质树脂’。硅橡胶典型地通过使三官能硅氧烷与其它三官能硅氧烷或双官能硅氧烷交联而形成。在一些实施例中,硅橡胶可通过单体混合物的交联而形成,其中单体混合物为聚乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、聚甲基乙烯基封端的聚二甲基硅氧烷、甲基氢硅氧烷和四甲基四乙烯基环四硅氧烷。更具体地,硅橡胶的合适实例为二甲基乙烯基甲硅烷基封端的聚倍半硅氧烷。硅橡胶典型地被配制成1-组分或2-组分有机硅组合物。硅橡胶可在固化工艺期间交联。
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中硅橡胶的量为20至40重量%,优选地25至35重量%。
(B)导热填料
涂层组合物中使用的导热填料通常为具有导热性的颗粒,优选地20W/m·K或更高,更优选地50W/m·K或更高,最优选地100W/m·K或更高的导热率的颗粒。这类导热填料的实例包括但不限于氮化硼(BN)、氮化铝(AlN)、氧化镁(MgO)、氮化硅(Si3N4)、氧化铝(Al2O3)、石墨、碳纳米管、碳纤维、炭黑以及如银、铜和金的金属颗粒。
导热填料的粒径(平均粒径)为优选地0.5至5微米,更优选地1至3微米,最优选地1至2微米。
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中导热填料的量为0.1至5重量%,优选地1至3重量%。
(C)具有反应性基团的聚硅氧烷
涂层组合物中使用的聚硅氧烷由下式(1)表示。
R1 3Si(OSiMe2)mOSiR2 r R3 (3-r) 式(1)
在式(1)中,Me为甲基。R1和R3独立地为具有1至4个碳原子的烷基。R1和R3的实例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、仲丙基、正丁基和叔丁基。优选地,每个R1和R3为甲基。R2为选自羟基、具有1至3个碳原子的烷氧基、乙烯基和氢原子的基团。r为1至3的数字。m为30至100,优选地50至100的数字。
优选地,聚硅氧烷的粘度为1,000至20,000厘沲。更优选地,聚硅氧烷的粘度为2,000至10,000厘沲。
由于涂层组合物中使用的聚硅氧烷在聚硅氧烷链的一端具有至少一个反应性基团,所以聚硅氧烷可与基质树脂反应,或通过含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷与基质树脂连接。因此,一端反应性流体可用作一种界面润滑剂。另外,由于聚硅氧烷具有直链和长链,所以聚硅氧烷由于其链的柔性而用作润滑剂,因此它有助于涂层的良好的憎冰性。
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中聚硅氧烷的量为0.1至2重量%,优选地0.5至1重量%。
(D)含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷
本发明的涂层组合物包含含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷。含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷可具有式R4 xSi(OR5)(4-x),其中x为1至3的数字;替代地x为1。每个R4独立地为一价有机基团,其条件为至少一个R4为不饱和有机基团。替代地,不饱和基团为具有2至11个碳原子的不饱和一价烃基。R4的不饱和有机基团的实例包括但不限于乙烯基、烯丙基、己烯基和十一碳烯基。每个R5独立地为具有1至6个碳原子,替代地1至4个碳原子,并且替代地1至2个碳原子的饱和烃基,如甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基;替代地甲基或乙基。合适的含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷的实例包括但不限于乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、烯丙基三甲氧基硅烷、烯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、己烯基三甲氧基硅烷、十一碳烯基三甲氧基硅烷以及其组合。
不受理论的束缚,但是认为含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷可在组合物中用作交联剂和/或扩链剂,并且改善涂层的机械特性(硬度和韧性)。含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷还可与填料(如导热填料)反应,并且改善填料在涂层组合物中的相容性。另外,含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷还可与具有反应性基团的聚硅氧烷反应。,
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷的量为0.1至2重量%,优选地0.1至1.5重量%,更优选地0.5至1重量%。
(E)催化剂
在本发明的涂层组合物中使用的催化剂为用于氢化硅烷化的催化剂。可使用任何已知的催化剂。这类催化剂的实例包括但不限于铂化合物,如Pt(1,5-环辛二烯)2H2PtCl6和铂(0)-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷络合物。。
涂层组合物中催化剂的量应足以使硅树脂交联,但按涂层组合物的重量计,所述量典型地为4至400ppm,优选地10至200ppm。
(F)溶剂
本发明的涂层组合物包含溶剂。溶剂的实例包括但不限于醇、酯、醚、酮、醚-醇、芳族烃、脂族烃、卤代烃和挥发性有机硅。粘度非常低的硅油也可用作溶剂。
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中溶剂的量为40至80重量%,优选地50至70重量%,更优选地55至65重量%。
(G)硅油
除了以上作为组分(C)公开的聚硅氧烷之外,本发明的涂层组合物任选地包含硅油。硅油有助于提高涂层的憎冰性。优选不具有反应性基团的硅油。优选地,硅油的粘度为0至1,000厘沲,更优选地100至350厘沲。
按涂层组合物的重量计,涂层组合物中硅油的量为0至15重量%,优选地5至15重量%,更优选地5至10重量%。
其它成分
本发明的涂层组合物可包括其它成分,如流变改性剂、润湿剂、填料和分散剂,这些为本领域技术人员已知的。
用于形成涂层的方法
涂层组合物可在制品的表面上形成涂膜。通过包含两个步骤的以下方法,在制品的表面的至少一部分处形成涂膜。
第一步为(a)使制品的表面的至少一部分与以上公开的涂层组合物接触。可使用任何制品。这类制品的实例包括但不限于风力涡轮机的转子和叶片、电力线、电信、运输工具、飞行器以及如冰箱、冷冻箱和冰盘的家庭用品。可使用任何技术使制品的表面与涂层组合物接触。这类技术的实例包括浸涂、喷涂、刷涂、辊涂、旋涂和线涂。
第二步为(b)加热制品以固化涂层组合物。主要反应为由2-部分有机硅介电凝胶的成分进行的氢化硅烷化,所述凝胶具有乙烯基官能的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、Pt催化剂、抑制剂、交联剂SiH官能的PDMS和乙烯基官能的硅树脂。存在含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷的另一种缩合反应。它可与填料如导热填料或具有反应性基团的聚硅氧烷反应,或锚定到基材;不饱和基团还可在第一步通过氢化硅烷化反应与硅橡胶反应。条件如温度或加热时间为变化的,并且为本领域技术人员已知的,但是一个实例为100至200℃持续0.5至2小时。
涂膜
本发明的涂层组合物可提供对冰具有非常低的粘附力以及通过加热功率更快地除去冰的涂层。本发明的概念可应用于任何种类的有机硅涂层。特别地,软而厚的涂层为优选的,因为需要这类涂层来提高其导热率(即,通过加热功率更快地除去冰)。这类软而厚的涂层的实例包括但不限于弹性有机硅涂层和橡胶状有机硅涂层。涂膜的厚度为优选地10至500微米,更优选地30至400微米。
在Instron 5565,2712-003上进行冰粘附力测试,其中最大压力为6bar,最大负载为1KN,并且温度范围为-29℃至82℃。将带有制备的冰块的铝板竖直放置在室内,并且冷却至-20摄氏度,并且再保持10分钟。然后,以50毫米/分钟的速度使用推动模式开始冰粘附力测试。可通过由仪器实现并且由软件记录的曲线获得冰粘附力结果。
通过以上方法测量的涂膜的冰粘附力为优选地10kPa或更小,更优选地5kPa或更小。
实例
表1中公开的原材料用于制备实例和比较实例中的样品。
表1
Figure BDA0002402139870000061
实例(参考)1至4(用于憎冰性测试的实例)
通过在室温下摇动30分钟将表2中列出的法律材料均匀混合。将0.6ml的每种溶液刮涂在铝板上,并且在150℃下加热2小时以固化组合物。干膜厚度通过膜测厚仪
Figure BDA0002402139870000071
FN2.2(由菲尼克斯有限公司(PHYNIX GmbH&Co.KG)制造)进行分析。
冰粘附力测试方法:
制备的塑料盖(直径为4.3cm)和铝板。将塑料盖放在铝板上,然后将带有塑料盖的板在-20℃下冷却24小时,以在铝板的表面上形成冰。将带有塑料盖的板通过设定在-20摄氏度的环境室中的夹具固定(测试样品)。用金属探针以1毫米/分钟的速度沿与板表面平行的方向推动盖。记录最大力(F.N),以使盖与板的表面隔离。然后通过下式计算冰粘附强度:t=F/1.45(kPa)
结果也添加在表2中。
表2
Figure BDA0002402139870000072
实例5至14
通过在室温下摇动30分钟将表3中列出的原材料均匀混合。将0.6ml的每种溶液刮涂在铝板上,并且在150℃下加热2小时以固化组合物。干膜厚度通过膜测厚仪
Figure BDA0002402139870000073
FN2.2(由菲尼克斯有限公司制造)进行分析。
加热时间测试方法:
如以上所公开制备测试样品。将取出样品后直到塑料盖自动滑落的时间记录为每个样品的加热时间。结果在表3中列出。
表3
Figure BDA0002402139870000081

Claims (9)

1.一种涂层组合物,其包含:
(A)20至40重量%的硅橡胶,
(B)1至3重量%的导热填料,
(C)0.5至1重量%的具有式(1)的聚硅氧烷
R1 3Si(OSiMe2)mOSiR2 rR3 (3-r) 式(1)
其中Me为甲基,R1和R3独立地为具有1至4个碳原子的烷基,R2为选自羟基、具有1至3个碳原子的烷氧基、乙烯基和氢原子的基团,r为1至3的数字,m为30至100的数字,
(D)0.1至2重量%的含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷,
(E)10至200ppm重量%的催化剂和
(F)50至70重量%的溶剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物,其中R2为烷氧基并且r为3。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物,其中所述导热填料选自氮化硼、氧化铝、氮化铝、氧化镁、氮化硅和炭黑。
4.根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物,其中所述催化剂选自氯铂酸和铂(0)-1,3-二乙烯基-1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷络合物。
5.根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物,其中所述含不饱和基团的烷氧基硅烷具有带有2至11个碳原子的亚烷基。
6.根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物,其另外包含(G)硅油。
7.一种涂膜,其由根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物形成。
8.一种制品,其在所述制品的表面的至少一部分处具有膜,其中所述膜由根据权利要求1所述的涂层组合物形成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制品,其中所述制品选自冰盘和冰柜或冰箱的内部材料。
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