CN111087401B - 一种在2-芳基喹唑啉-4(3h)-酮类化合物上建立螺环的新方法 - Google Patents
一种在2-芳基喹唑啉-4(3h)-酮类化合物上建立螺环的新方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C07D487/10—Spiro-condensed systems
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种在2‑芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物上建立螺环的新方法,其通过一类全新的环丙烯酮的C‑H活化方法实现。该方法以2‑芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物与环丙烯酮类化合物为原料,在银盐和酸的存在下,通过过渡金属催化的连续C‑H活化/环合反应在芳环上形成C‑C键,并环合成环戊二烯螺吡咯[1,2‑b]喹唑啉酮衍生物。与传统方法相比,本方法的步骤简单、原料易得底物适用范围广;一锅实现两个C‑C键和一个C‑N键的构建,高收率地得到了一系列多元并环及螺环的产物,有利于大规模生产和工业化应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在2-芳基喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮类化合物上建立螺环的新方法,更具体而言,提供了一种环戊二烯螺吡咯[1,2-b]喹唑啉酮衍生物的合成方法,属于有机化学合成领域。
背景技术
喹唑啉酮类是一类广泛存在于许多天然产物、药物、农药和其他药理活性成分中的一类重要的骨架分子(Aminopyridines and Similarly Acting Drugs; Pergamon:Oxford, U.K., 1982; J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 5070−5083; Ann. Intern. Med. 2007, 146, 657−665; Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol.2008, 61, 809−817; J. Med. Chem. 2009, 52, 4533−4537; Bioorg. Med. Chem.2010, 18, 707−718)。已有的报道表明它们具有抗菌、抗癌、抗疟等活性,例如抗高血压药物哌唑嗪,利尿药和安眠药甲苯喹唑酮(J. Med. Chem. 2003, 46, 4351−4359;Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.2006, 16, 1854−1858; Med. Chem. Res. 2013, 22, 2665−2676; Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.2012, 109, 11987−11992; ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2012, 3, 284−288)。在工业上,喹唑啉酮类被广泛用作有机荧光剂,同时可作为添加剂来提高液体石蜡的减摩抗磨性能,另外其在电镀、金属提取以及冶炼工业等也有着极为广泛的应用。在农业方面可作杀菌剂、除草剂等。例如,喹螨醚,作为一个高效的杀螨杀菌试剂,可有效地防治多种植物的真叶螨、全爪螨和红叶螨以及紫红短须螨;灭草松,是由喹唑啉酮骨架的2-位碳被硫替代后改造而来的一个高效低毒的广谱除草剂。因此,高效构建和改造喹唑啉酮类化合物的方法学的发展引起了有机化学家的持续关注。C-H活化是功能分子的高效构建和后期修饰的最新技术。最近,许多喹唑啉酮类的C-H活化反应已被报道,比如Cui课题组(Org. Lett. 2017,19 (7),1658-1661)提出了喹唑啉酮与炔烃的连续[4 + 2]和 [3 + 2] 环加成法来制备含有多元并杂环的方法,Mhaske和Viveki等人(J. Org. Chem. 2018,83 (16), 8906-8913)报道了利用喹唑啉酮作为导向基团的C-H烯基化方案。虽然C-H活化和氧化环化级联反应用于构建吲哚类、吲哚啉类和2H-异吲哚啉类等五元氮杂环,或者二氢异喹啉等六元杂环已经得到了很好的探索,但是螺环的合成还没有得到探索。环丙烯酮,最小的芳香性张力环,常被用作一个C3合成子去构建复杂分子。由于内部极大的环张力使得这类分子具有独特活性,适当设计时,这些张力环的高反应活性可以补偿低活性的底物,使其相互偶联;同时芳烃与张力环的耦合可能导致环的张开,从而可以很容易地重构产品的骨架。
发明内容
针对上述问题,本发明的目的是提供一种在2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物上建立螺环的新方法,其通过2-芳基喹唑啉酮类与环丙烯酮类化合物的全新的连续C-H活化方法实现。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案为:以2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物与环丙烯酮类化合物为原料,在银盐和酸的存在下,通过过渡金属催化剂催化的连续C-H活化/环合反应在芳环上形成C-C键并环合成环戊二烯螺吡咯[1,2-b]喹唑啉酮衍生物。其反应方程式为:
其中:
A环为噻吩,双键,取代基为氢,卤素,烷基,烷氧基,硝基,氨基中的一种或一种以上的苯环;
B环为噻吩,取代基为氢、卤素、烷基、苯基、烷氧基、烷硫基、氨基中的一种或一种以上的苯环。
制备步骤如下所示:
在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物、钌催化剂、银盐、有机酸,溶剂后密封,于油浴锅里搅拌反应;反应完成后减压除去溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
所述催化剂为 [Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2,[RhCp*Cl2]2,[IrCp*Cl2]2, [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2,Grubb’s cat,RuCl3,Ru3(CO)12,Ru3(OAc)12,[Ru(COD)Cl2]2, [Ru(p-cymene) (PCy3)Cl2]2等催化剂中的一种或多种的混合物。
所述银盐为AgSbF6,AgBF4,AgPF6,Ag2SO4,AgNTf2 ,Ag2CO3,AgNO3,AgF,AgOTf中的一种或者多种混合。
所述有机酸为AdCOOH,HOAc, PivOH, HCOOH, TsOH等一种或者多种酸的混合。
所述溶剂为DCE, DCM, TFE, MeCN,EtOH, MeCN, PhCl, Tol一种或者多种溶剂的混合。
所述2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物:二芳基环丙烯酮类化合物:催化剂:银盐:酸摩尔比为1:(1.05~1.5) : (0.05~0.1) : (0.2~0.5) : (1.5~2.5)。
所述2-芳基喹唑啉酮类的反应浓度为0.05~0.2 mol/L。
本发明所述反应温度为100-150 oC,非限定性的,例如可为100 oC,130 oC,140oC。
本发明所述的反应时间并无特别的限定,例如可通过液相色谱或TLC检测原料消耗情况来选择合适的时间,其通常为10-50 h,非限定性的例如为15h、24h、48h。
本发明步骤简单,原料易得,底物适用范围广;本发明使用较为廉价的钌催化剂,成本低,具有广阔的应用前景;本发明效率高,一锅实现两个C-C键和一个C-N键的构建,高收率地得到了一系列多元并环及螺环的产物;本发明将为制药,化工,农业等多个领域提供新的化学合成方法或新的结构框架。
本发明与传统方法相比较,具有以下优势:
1.步骤简单,原料易得,底物适用范围广;
2.使用较为廉价的钌催化剂,成本低,收率和纯度高,有利于大规模生产和工业化应用;
3.效率高,一锅实现两个C-C键和一个C-N键的构建,高收率地得到了一系列多元并环及螺环的产物;
4.本发明拓宽了过渡金属催化的脱氢偶联反应的应用范围,丰富了喹唑啉酮类化合物的合成及结构修饰的方法与途径,将为制药、化工、农业等多个领域提供新的结构框架。
附图说明
图1 为本发明化合物1的单晶X衍射谱图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明作进一步描述,有助于对本发明的理解,但并不能以此来限制本发明的权利范围,而本发明的权利范围应以权利要求书阐述的为准。
实施实例1:化合物1的合成
在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-(4-叔丁基苯基)喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮 (27.8 mg, 0.10mmol),[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2 (3.1 mg, 0.005 mmol),AgSbF6(10.3mg, 0.030 mmol),金刚烷甲酸(36 mg, 0.20 mmol),1,2-二氯甲烷(2 mL)和二苯基环丙烯酮(21.7 mg, 0.105mmol)后密封,置于130℃油浴锅里搅拌24 h。反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品38.5 mg,白色固体,收率84%,熔点224-226oC;1H NMR (400 MHz,Chloroform-d)δ 8.26 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 8.10 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.86(d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (dt, J = 8.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.5Hz, 1H), 7.53-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.31 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.04 (m, 4H), 7.02-6.93(m, 3H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.0, 1H), 1.22 (s, 9H). 13C NMR (100 MHz, Chloroform-d)δ 158.8, 158.1, 155.6, 145.2, 145.0, 143.7, 143.0, 134.4, 133.4, 131.5,129.2, 128.8, 128.1, 127.4, 127.2, 127.0, 126.9, 126.5, 125.9, 123.9, 122.2,121.6, 121.2, 118.3, 79.4, 35.7, 31.3. HRMS (ESI): 计算值C33H26N2NaO [M + Na]+:489.1937, 实测值:489.1939。
实施实例2:化合物2的合成
在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-苯基喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮 (22.2 mg, 0.10 mmol),[IrCp*Cl2]2 (4.0 mg, 0.005 mmol),AgBF4(9.7 mg, 0.050 mmol),金刚烷甲酸(36 mg,0.20 mmol),三氟乙醇(2 mL)和二苯基环丙烯酮(24.7 mg, 0.12 mmol)后密封,置于135℃油浴锅里搅拌36 h;反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品31.1 mg,白色固体,收率76%;1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 8.31 (d, J = 7.7Hz, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (t, J = 8.4Hz, 1H), 7.58 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H),7.46 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H),7.10-7.02 (m, 5H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.73 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (100MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 158.7, 155.3, 144.9, 144.8, 143.5, 142.8, 134.3, 133.3,133.1, 132.3, 131.2, 129.5, 129.1, 128.7, 128.0, 127.2, 127.0, 126.8, 126.6,125.7, 124.1, 122.1, 121.9, 121.6, 121.1, 79.2. HRMS (ESI): 计算值C29H18N2NaO+[M + Na]+:433.1311, 实测值:433.1315。
实施实例3:化合物3的合成
在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-(3-甲氧基苯基)喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮(25.2 mg, 0.10mmol), [RhCp*Cl2]2 (3.1 mg, 0.005 mmol),AgNTf2(11.6mg, 0.030 mmol),金刚烷甲酸(27 mg, 0.15 mmol),三氟乙醇(2 mL)和二苯基环丙烯酮(24.7 mg, 0.12 mmol)后密封,置于125℃油浴锅里搅拌36 h;反应完成后,减压除去溶剂,直接采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品31.2 mg,白色固体,收率71%;1H NMR (400 MHz, Chloroform-d)δ 8.15-8.09(m, 2H), 7.85 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (td, J = 8.3, 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.54(s, 1H), 7.51 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.34 (td, J = 7.5, 0.9Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.03 (m, 5H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J= 7.4 Hz, 1H). 13C NMR (101 MHz, Chloroform-d) δ 164.5, 158.4, 155.4, 147.6,144.6, 143.3, 142.8, 134.5, 132.9, 131.3, 129.3, 128.8, 128.2, 127.1, 127.0,126.5, 126.4, 126.2, 125.6, 122.2, 121.0, 120.9, 117.2, 105.8, 55.8. HRMS(ESI): 计算值C30H20N2NaO2 + [M + Na]+:463.1417, 实测值:463.1417。
Claims (5)
1.一种在2-芳基喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮类化合物上建立螺环生成环戊二烯螺吡咯[1,2-b]喹唑啉酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于以2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物与二苯基环丙烯酮类化合物为原料,在过渡金属催化剂和银盐催化,以及在酸的辅助下通过连续两步C-H活化和一步分子内脱水环合实现底物的螺环化,其反应方程式为:
其中:
A环为取代基为氢、烷基、烷氧基中的一种或一种以上的苯环;
B环为苯基;
所述的过渡金属催化剂为[Ru(p-cymene)Cl2]2、[RhCp*Cl2]2、[IrCp*Cl2]2中的一种或几种;
所述的银盐为AgSbF6、AgBF4、AgNTf2中的一种或者多种混合;
所述的酸为金刚烷甲酸AdCOOH;
所述的溶剂为1,2-二氯乙烷DCE、三氟乙醇TFE中的一种或者多种溶剂的混合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的在2-芳基喹唑啉-4(3H)-酮类化合物上建立螺环生成环戊二烯螺吡咯[1,2-b]喹唑啉酮类化合物的方法,其特征在于采用如下制备步骤:
在洁净的耐压瓶中加入2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物、二苯基环丙烯酮类化合物、过渡金属催化剂、银盐、酸、溶剂后密封,加热搅拌反应;反应完成后减压除去溶剂,采用硅胶柱层析分离纯化即得产品。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物: 二苯基环丙烯酮类化合物:过渡金属催化剂:银盐:酸的摩尔比为1:(1.05~1.5):(0.05~0.1): (0.2~0.5):(1.5~2.5)。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:所述2-芳基喹唑啉酮类化合物的反应浓度为0.05~0.2 mol/L。
5.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:反应温度为100-150 oC,反应时间为10~50h。
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