CN111084820B - 一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物及其制备与应用 - Google Patents
一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物及其制备与应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物及其制备与应用,所述中药组合物由以下重量份中药原料制成:黄芪30‑60份,川牛膝10‑20份,桃仁10‑15份,地龙5‑15份,制军3‑15份,车前草10‑30份,党参10‑30份,茯苓10‑20份,白术10‑20份。本方能够提高血清IGF‑1、Alb、PAB水平以及人体测量指标(BMI、MAMC),降低血Scr、BUN及中医症候积分,在改善CKD3‑5期患者的PEW状态方面更有优势,能满足目前的临床需求,达到改善患者临床症状,提高患者的生存质量的目的。
Description
(一)技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物及其制备方法与应用。
(二)背景技术
近年来,慢性肾脏病(chronic renal diease,CKD)患病率逐渐增加,据调查发现,我国慢性肾脏病患病率已经高达10.8%。大多数患者最终都会进展至肾功能衰竭状态,并且会出现蛋白质营养不良,其发病率可高达22.7%,这是慢性肾脏病的一种特殊的消耗状态,大多数患者即使通过营养补充,也难以纠正,即蛋白质-能量消耗状态(protein–energywasting,PEW),患者常出现纳差、乏力,恶心呕吐、体重下降、肌肉萎缩、爪甲不荣等营养不良症状。研究发现,慢性肾脏病PEW严重危害患者的生存质量,与死亡率密切相关,因此改善患者PEW相当重要。
当前西医对于PEW治疗缺乏非常有效的方法。西医在PEW的治疗上主要有,补充营养物质如a-酮酸,促进合成代谢、抑制分解代谢,运用食欲兴奋剂,改变进食蛋白量,抗炎、抗氧化治疗等。然而众多营养制剂价格昂贵,依从性较差,限制了临床的使用;一些抗炎制剂如IL-1受体拮抗剂、TNF-α受体阻断剂正处在积极的实验探索阶段;促进合成代谢的物质如重组生长激素,甲地孕酮、雄激素等,虽有应用前景,但副作用不少见,缺乏大规模的临床研究结果。
近年来,中医药在治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良患者方面取得了良好疗效。中医上无“CKD”和“PEW状态”的描述,CKD主要归属中医“溺毒”“关格”“水肿”“虚劳”“肾劳”的范畴。PEW主要表现为低白蛋白血症、肌肉萎缩以及体重减轻,是慢性肾脏病的重要并发症之一。究其病因病机,既有肾脏病“瘀”的特点,又更突出营养不良“虚”的特征。因慢性肾脏病患者脾肾功能长期失调,肾脏不能封藏固摄,则精微物质随尿液排泄;又“脾主身之肌肉”,脾失运化,气血精津等精微物质无从产生,则五脏六腑、肌肉筋骨无所供养。且慢性肾脏病病程长,瘀血、湿热、浊毒内留,又可阻碍气血运行,因实致虚,如此恶性循环,脏腑功能衰败愈甚,营养不良则更重。国家级名老中医李学铭教授根据中医理论和多年的临床经验,认为慢性肾脏病为本虚标实之证,气虚为本,瘀血浊毒内留为标,在治疗上,以益气消瘀泄浊为主,创立了慢性肾衰竭的常用方——消瘀泄浊饮。本方由“黄芪、川牛膝、桃仁、地龙、制军、车前草”六味中草药组成,以效“补气、行血、祛瘀、泄浊”之功。研究表明,消瘀泄浊饮可改善慢性肾衰竭患者的临床症状和营养状态,降低血清尿素氮及肌酐水平。在此研究基础上,鲁科达教授进一步根据慢性肾衰竭患者PEW的临床特点和病因病机,呈四君子汤之意,加入党参、茯苓、白术三味药,优化成为治疗PEW的专方——益气健脾消瘀泄浊方。益气健脾消瘀泄浊方,一方而兼二用,更加体现“祛瘀”与“生新”两大法则。一方面重视消瘀泄浊,使肾脏浊瘀之毒排泄有路,此即“疏其气血,令其条达”的“祛瘀”层面,“祛瘀”以促“生新”;另一方面又根据“脾主身之肌肉”的理论,注重益气健脾,化生精微,包含“复其真气,化旧生新”的“生新”层面,“生新”以助“祛瘀”。祛瘀是生新的前提,生新是祛瘀的基础。“祛瘀”与“生新”密不可分,相得益彰。从现代医学角度来看,祛瘀可以改善患者的微炎症状态、降低血肌酐,健脾生新可以增加饮食、改善能量消耗状态,更加切合前面提到的慢性肾脏病蛋白质能量消耗(PEW)的病因病机。因此本专利方在治疗慢性肾衰营养不良方面效果更佳。
(三)发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物,即益气健脾消瘀泄浊方,适用于慢性肾脏病PEW、中医辨证为“气虚夹瘀证”的患者。通过服用本方,可以益气健脾,消瘀泄浊,改善患者临床症状,提高患者生存质量。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物,所述中药组合物由以下重量份中药原料制成:黄芪30-60份,川牛膝10-20份,桃仁10-15份,地龙5-15份,制军3-15份,车前草10-30份,党参10-30份,茯苓10-20份,白术10-20份。
进一步,优选所述中药组合物由下列一种重量份中药原料制成:(1)黄芪30份,川牛膝12份,桃仁12份,地龙12份,制军10份,车前草20份,党参15份,茯苓15份,白术15份;(2)黄芪40份,川牛膝20份,桃仁15份,地龙15份,制军15份,车前草10份,党参20份,茯苓12份,白术10份;(3)黄芪50份,川牛膝15份,桃仁10份,地龙10份,制军5份,车前草30份,党参10份,茯苓20份,白术20份;(4)黄芪60份,川牛膝10份,桃仁10份,地龙5份,制军3份,车前草15份,党参30份,茯苓10份,白术12份。
本发明所述中药组合物为各中药原料水煎液。
本发明所述中药组合物按如下方法制备:按配方量,将各个中药原料混合,加入水,室温浸泡20-30min后,煎煮(初为武火煎煮,煮沸后改为文火继续煎煮)20-30min,过滤,取汁,即为所述中药组合物。所述水加入量以中药原料总量计为7~10ml/g。
本发明还提供一种所述中药组合物在制备治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良药物中的应用,所述营养不良药物能够提高血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PAB)水平以及人体测量指标(身体质量指数BMI、上臂肌围MAMC),降低血血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)及中医症候积分,改善CKD3-5期患者的PEW状态。
本发明所用的中药原料的药性及功效如下:
黄芪:甘,微温。补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹,托毒排脓,敛疮生肌。现代研究表明,黄芪可改善微循环,增加肾脏血流量及利尿,改善血液高凝,调节免疫,减缓肾小球损害,可延长聚合糖体的半衰期,提高蛋白质合成的能力。
川牛膝:甘、微苦,平。逐瘀通经,通利关节,利尿通淋。现代研究发现,牛膝含有蜕皮甾酮能促进蛋白质合成。可见,牛膝一药而兼两用,既能破血逐瘀,又补肝肾,生精血,标本兼治,为治疗慢性肾脏病不可多得的良药。
桃仁:苦、甘,平。活血祛瘀,润肠通便,止咳平喘。桃仁既有破血之功,又生新血,非常适合慢性肾脏病正虚邪盛的病机。桃仁还能润肠,使瘀浊从大便而去,身兼数长,为可多得的妙药。
地龙:咸,寒。清热定惊,通络,平喘,利尿。现代研究表明,地龙中含有地龙醇,可促进巨噬细胞活化,增加巨噬细胞对细菌的杀伤力,提高对异物的吞噬能力,最终缩短炎症周期。
制大黄:苦,寒。泻下攻积,清热泻火,凉血解毒,逐瘀通经,利湿退黄。现代研究表明,大黄能够改善胃肠道血液灌注,促进其营养吸收。能够改善残肾组织的高代谢,抑制肾小球系膜细胞的增生,可以延缓肾功能衰竭的进展,改善营养状态。
车前草:甘,寒。清热利尿通淋,祛痰,凉血,解毒。现代研究表明,车前草含有水溶性粗多糖,能够强有力的清除自由基,提高机体免疫力。
党参:甘,平。健脾益肺,养血生津。研究表明,党参能提高蛋白质的合成率,促进血浆白蛋白合成,增加机体对自由基的清除,降低血肌酐,延缓肾功能进展。
白术:苦、甘,温。健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。现代研究发现,白术可能通过提高谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力,清除细胞内自由基所造成的损害,能降低硬化肾小球的发生率。
茯苓:甘、淡,平。利水渗湿,健脾,宁心。现代研究发现,茯苓能增强巨噬细胞的细胞毒性作用,增强机体免疫力。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果主要体现在:从临床研究结果来看,本发明中药组合物能够提高血清IGF-1、Alb、PAB水平以及人体测量指标(BMI、MAMC),降低血Scr、BUN及中医症候积分,在改善CKD3-5期患者的PEW状态方面更有优势。此外,本发明着眼于中医“祛瘀生新”和“脾主肌肉”理论,将时方和现代名老中医的经验方相结合,将现代医学和传统中医相联系,使中药配方更能满足目前的临床需求,达到改善患者临床症状,提高患者的生存质量的目的。
(四)具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行进一步描述,但本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此:本发明所述配方中各个原料均按《中国药典》2015版采集制备。
实施例1:益气健脾消瘀泄浊方
1、配方:黄芪30份,川牛膝12份,桃仁12份,地龙12份,制军10份,车前草20份,党参15份,茯苓15份,白术15份。
2、制备方法:
按配方量,分别称取黄芪30g,川牛膝12g,桃仁12g,地龙12g,制军10g,车前草20g,党参15g,茯苓15g,白术15g,加入自来水1000ml,室温浸泡30min,初为武火煎煮,煮沸后改为文火继续煎煮30min,过滤,取汁,待药液冷却后,即得本方。
实施例2:益气健脾消瘀泄浊方
配方:黄芪40份,川牛膝20份,桃仁15份,地龙15份,制军15份,车前草10份,党参20份,茯苓12份,白术10份。制备方法同实施例1,水加入量以配方总量计为7ml/g。
实施例3:益气健脾消瘀泄浊方
配方:黄芪50份,川牛膝15份,桃仁10份,地龙10份,制军5份,车前草30份,党参10份,茯苓20份,白术20份。制备方法同实施例1,水加入量以配方总量计为7ml/g。
实施例4:益气健脾消瘀泄浊方
配方:黄芪60份,川牛膝10份,桃仁10份,地龙5份,制军3份,车前草15份,党参30份,茯苓10份,白术12份。制备方法同实施例1,水加入量以配方总量计为7ml/g。
实施例5:临床研究
选取2017年12月到2018年12月浙江省中医院肾脏内科病房与门诊就诊患者,共60例。本实验研究对象随机分2组,即对照组(常规治疗组),试验组(益气健脾消瘀泄浊方组)。对照组进行常规基础治疗,试验组在常规基础治疗的基础上加用益气健脾消瘀泄浊方。所有药物均由浙江省中医院中药房提供,中药在相同条件和方法下制成煎剂,日一剂,分早晚二次服用。所有病人服用三个疗程,每个疗程为4周,共12周。
1.两组一般资料、基线资料比较
本病例选取CKD3-5期病人共60例,其中男性33例,女性27例。试验组男性16例,女性14例,年龄在28~74岁之间,平均年龄(53.46±13.39)岁。对照组男性18例,女性12例,年龄在22~75岁之间平均年龄(54.73±15.31)岁。治疗前从年龄、性别、体重及中医证候积分、身体质量指数(BMI)、上臂肌围(MAMC)、血肌酐(Scr)、血尿素氮(BUN)、血清白蛋白(Alb)、前白蛋白(PAB)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血清胰岛素样生长因子1(IGF-1)水平经统计分析,各组均无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗前两组具有可比性。分析结果见表1、2。
2.疗效观察
2.1总体疗效比较
根据总体疗效判定标准(参考1987年全国肾衰竭保守疗法专题学术会议拟定标准(沈庆法.中医临床肾脏病学[M].第一版.上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1998:437-438)),试验组显效2例,有效15例,无效13例,总有效率为56.7%;对照组显效1例,有效6例,无效23例,其中总有效率为23.3%。两组间比较具有显著差异(P<0.01),试验组总体疗效明显优于对照组,结果见表3。
表3两组总体疗效比较
2.2中医疗效比较
根据中医疗效判定标准(参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》中的治疗慢性肾功能衰竭的疗效判定。郑晓筱,等.中药新药临床研究指导原则[M].第三版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:164-165),试验组中医疗效总有效率为66.7%,对照组中医中医疗效总有效率为26.7%,试验组、对照组中医疗效相比,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01),试验组的中医疗效高于对照组。结果见表4。
表4两组中医疗效比较
2.3治疗前后中医症候积分比较(参照《中药新药临床研究指导原则》慢性肾功能衰竭症状分级量化表。郑晓筱,等.中药新药临床研究指导原则[M].第三版.北京:中国医药科技出版社,2002:167)
治疗前试验组与对照组中医证候积分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。治疗后,试验组中医证候积分较治疗前显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),对照组治疗前后相比中医证候积分无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组与对照组中医证候积分比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结果见表5。
注:与治疗前相比,**P<0.01;与对照组相比较,△P<0.05。
2.4治疗前后人体测量指标的变化情况
治疗前试验组、对照组组间BMI、MAMC比较,无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组和对照组BMI较治疗前无明显改变(P>0.05),组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05);试验组MAMC治疗前后有统计学差异(P<0.01),对照组MAMC治疗前后无统计学差异(P>0.05),治疗后试验组与对照组相比有统计学差异(P<0.05),结果见表6。
注:与治疗前相比,**P<0.01;与对照组比较,△P<0.05。
2.5两组治疗前后肾功能指标变化比较
两组肾功能指标Scr、BUN治疗前比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组Scr、BUN均较治疗前显著降低(P<0.01),对照组Scr、BUN治疗前后比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组、对照组Scr、BUN组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结果见表7。
注:与治疗前比较,**P<0.01,与对照组比较,△P<0.05。
2.6两组治疗前后白蛋白、前白蛋白数值变化比较
试验组和对照组两组Alb、PAB治疗前组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组Alb、PAB较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),对照组Alb较治疗前无统计学差异(P>0.05),PAB较治疗前升高(P<0.05)。治疗后,试验组Alb与对照组相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组PAB与对照组相比,有统计学差异(P<0.01),结果见表8。
注:与治疗前相比**P<0.01,与治疗前相比*P<0.05;与对照组相比△P<0.05,与对照组相比△△P<0.01。
2.7两组治疗前后的血红蛋白相比较
治疗前两组Hb无明显差异(P>0.05)。经过治疗,试验组、对照组Hb治疗后与治疗前相比无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后试验组和对照组Hb相比亦无明显差异(P>0.05),结果见表9。
2.8两组治疗前后胰岛素样生长因子1水平比较
两组治疗前血清IGF-1组间比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。治疗后,试验组血清IGF-1水平较前升高,且有统计学差异(P<0.05),对照组治疗前后无统计学差异(P>0.05)。两组治疗后组间比较有统计学意义(P<0.05),结果见表10。
注:*与治疗前相比P<0.05,△与对照组相比P<0.05。IGF-1与营养水平呈正相关。
2.9不良反应发生率比较
试验组、对照组均未发生不良反应(P>0.05),无统计学差异,结果见表11。
表11不良反应发生率
对比例1
患者,老年男性,慢性肾脏病病史5年余,2019年5月份时来就诊诉胃纳差,并出现体重下降,1个月来体重下降5斤左右。回顾既往中药方,以消瘀泄浊饮为主,西药主要是科罗迪补充氨基酸。排查各种病因后未见明显异常。观舌脉符合脾胃虚弱夹瘀浊证,遂予用本实施例1制备的益气健脾消瘀泄浊方治疗,患者1月后复诊诉胃纳情况较前改善,体重未再下降,2个月后复诊诉体重较前增加1公斤。
对比例2
患者,中老年女性,慢性肾脏病病史2年,血肌酐500umol/L左右,伴有肾性贫血、营养不良等并发症,平素感乏力、纳差,望诊见患者口唇色淡、面色萎黄,当予消瘀泄浊饮合用四物汤(生地黄15g、川芎10g、炒白芍12g、当归10g)治疗时,患者贫血状况较单用西药(红源达、益比澳)时改善更明显(主要表现为血红蛋白上升更快,口唇色逐渐转红),而营养不良状态无明显好转。当用本实施例1制备的益气健脾消瘀泄浊方治疗时,患者在改善营养不良状态方面表现更为明显(主要表现为胃纳好转,血浆白蛋白较前上升)。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良的中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物由以下重量份中药原料制成:黄芪30-60份,川牛膝10-20份,桃仁10-15份,地龙5-15份,制军3-15份,车前草10-30份,党参10-30份,茯苓10-20份,白术10-20份。
2.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物由下列重量份中药原料制成:黄芪30份,川牛膝12份,桃仁12份,地龙12份,制军10份,车前草20份,党参15份,茯苓15份,白术15份。
3.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物由下列重量份中药原料制成:黄芪40份,川牛膝20份,桃仁15份,地龙15份,制军15份,车前草10份,党参20份,茯苓12份,白术10份。
4.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物由下列重量份中药原料制成:黄芪50份,川牛膝15份,桃仁10份,地龙10份,制军5份,车前草30份,党参10份,茯苓20份,白术20份。
5.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物由下列重量份中药原料制成:黄芪60份,川牛膝10份,桃仁10份,地龙5份,制军3份,车前草15份,党参30份,茯苓10份,白术12份。
6.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物为各中药原料水煎液。
7.如权利要求1所述中药组合物,其特征在于所述中药组合物按如下方法制备:按配方量,将各个中药原料混合,加入水,室温浸泡20-30min后,煎煮20-30min,过滤,取汁,即为所述中药组合物。
8.如权利要求7所述中药组合物,其特征在于水加入量以中药原料总量计为7~10ml/g。
9.一种权利要求1所述中药组合物在制备治疗慢性肾脏病营养不良药物中的应用。
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