CN111084278A - Feed additive for improving nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of river crabs - Google Patents

Feed additive for improving nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of river crabs Download PDF

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CN111084278A
CN111084278A CN201911408775.1A CN201911408775A CN111084278A CN 111084278 A CN111084278 A CN 111084278A CN 201911408775 A CN201911408775 A CN 201911408775A CN 111084278 A CN111084278 A CN 111084278A
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薛洋
徐敏杰
周国勤
茆健强
孙浩波
朱银安
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NANJING FISHERIES RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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    • A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
    • A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
    • A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
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    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

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Abstract

The invention discloses a convenient feed additive for river crab nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance. The additive is prepared by mixing 3 Chinese herbal medicines of eucommia bark, ligusticum wallichii and houttuynia cordata and 1 beneficial bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with the capability of phagocytosing pathogenic bacteria according to a certain proportion, and is applied to conventional commercial feeds, so that the additive not only can effectively improve the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant index of river crabs, save the use of a large amount of prevention and treatment medicines, save the cost, reduce the medicine residue, improve the product quality, but also has good prevention and treatment effects on new or unknown diseases.

Description

Feed additive for improving nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of river crabs
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a convenient feed additive for improving nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of river crabs, and a preparation method and a use method thereof.
Background
The river crab breeding industry in China has been rapidly developed since the breakthrough of the artificial river crab breeding technology in the early 80 s of the last century, and nowadays, more than 20 provinces exist in the south and north of China, and particularly, river sturgeon, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river have developed river crab breeding production in different scales. Due to the rapid expansion of the culture scale, the types of the diseases of the river crabs are increased day by day, and serious loss is brought to farmers. With the rapid development of the river crab breeding industry in China, the breeding area and the breeding yield are continuously improved, and the river crab yield in the whole country in 2019 is expected to break through 85 million tons, so that the historical highest value is realized. However, the disease of the river crabs is frequently generated in recent years corresponding to the rapid development of the river crab breeding industry. In the face of frequent diseases, river crab breeding manufacturers have to use a large amount of disinfection and sterilization medicines, and the problems of drug resistance improvement, medicine residue and the like are increasingly serious, so that the health development of the river crab breeding industries is harmed, and the quality safety of aquatic products and the body health of consumers are harmed. On the other hand, new diseases such as the river crab flutter disease, the river crab shriveling disease and the like can not be defined until now, and an effective treatment method and an effective medicine are also lacked.
At present, aquatic products are also used for preventing and treating diseases of cultured animals by using Chinese herbal medicines, such as rheum officinale, isatis root, gallnut, astragalus mongholicus and the like, but most of the aquatic products are based on experience reference and simple handling of human medicine or animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, lack of theory and data support and clinical experimental data, are mostly simply added into feed for uniform stirring and feeding, and the dosage depends on experience, so that the dosage cannot be accurate.
CN106509478A discloses a feed additive for improving the immunity and the oxidation resistance of river crabs, which comprises the following components: 40-80 parts of tea polysaccharide, 20-40 parts of thearubigin, 15-35 parts of theanine, 10-15 parts of lycopene and 7-10 parts of immune polysaccharide. The feed additive has low raw material cost, is easy to obtain, completely meets the requirement of low-cost feed for farmers, and can be put into use in large quantity. However, the additive has a single main component, mainly is a tea extract, the single substance has a weak effect of improving the immunity index of the river crabs, and the used immunity evaluation index is single, so that the non-specific immunity and oxidation resistance improving effect of the additive on the river crabs cannot be comprehensively evaluated.
CN1631206A discloses an immunopotentiator for river crabs and a preparation method thereof, the immunopotentiator consists of vitamin C, E, β -carotene, baker's yeast cell wall containing 30% β -glucan, mannose, algin, liquorice, phospholipid and rice bran, the vitamin C is Vc polyphosphate, the vitamin E is VE acetate, the preparation process takes the bread yeast cell wall containing liquorice and β -glucan, the mannose, the vitamin C and the rice bran as raw materials, the solid raw materials are crushed, sieved, mixed, prepared into phospholipid mixed liquid, sprayed with the phospholipid mixed liquid and dried to obtain finished products, but the preparation process is complex, special equipment such as spraying, drying and the like is needed, the immunopotentiator is suitable for factory production and is not beneficial to large-scale, rapid and convenient popularization and use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a convenient feed additive for improving the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of river crabs, which is prepared by matching 3 Chinese herbal medicines of eucommia bark, ligusticum wallichii and houttuynia cordata with beneficial bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with the capability of phagocytosing pathogenic bacteria in a certain proportion.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical means:
a convenient feed additive for improving the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of river crabs comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of houttuynia cordata, 10-20 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 2-3 parts of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, 2-3 parts of soybean oil and 2-3 parts of fish oil.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises the following steps:
step 1, separately crushing eucommia ulmoides, houttuynia cordata and ligusticum wallichii into powder, and sieving the powder with a 100-mesh sieve;
step 2, uniformly mixing the eucommia bark powder prepared in the step 1, the fishy powder grass and the ligusticum wallichii powder;
step 3, adding bdellovibrio bacteriovorus into the mixed powder uniformly mixed in the step 2, and uniformly mixing;
and 4, sequentially adding the soybean oil and the fish oil into the mixed powder prepared in the step 3, uniformly mixing, drying and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the additive.
The feed additive is applied to river crab feed.
Further, the mass ratio of the feed additive to the river crab feed is 3-5: 100.
Further, the specific method of the application is as follows: weighing the additive according to the mass ratio of the feed additive to the river crab feed of 3-5:100, spraying water accounting for 20-30% of the mass of the river crab feed on the river crab feed, adding the additive while stirring, mixing uniformly, and drying the prepared mixed feed at low temperature or airing until the surface is dry.
Has the advantages that:
1. the invention provides a convenient feed additive for improving the nonspecific immunity and the oxidation resistance of river crabs, which takes eucommia bark, heartleaf houttuynia herb, Szechuan lovage rhizome and bdellovibrio as main raw materials, obtains the most appropriate addition of each component through scientific experiments, and mutually matches various immunity and oxidation resistance substances to realize function complementation. Under the condition of the optimal addition amount, in hepatopancreas, the eucommia has obvious effect on improving the total oxidation resistance (T-AOC), the ligusticum wallichii has obvious effect on improving the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), the houttuynia cordata and the bdellovibrio has obvious effect on improving the activity of Catalase (CAT), and the eucommia ulmoides and the bdellovibrio have obvious effect on reducing the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA); in serum, eucommia bark has obvious effect on improving the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and ligusticum wallichii has obvious effect on improving the activity of serum Catalase (CAT), the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and reducing the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA). The main additive components are matched with each other, and have complementary functions, so that the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of the river crabs can be obviously improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
2. The feed additive is convenient to prepare and use, does not need professional equipment, does not need to replace the currently used river crab feed, reduces the doubt of farmers to replace the feed, can be completed by three-step simple operation on the basis of the conventional commercially available river crab common feed, does not need professional knowledge and experience, can be completed by the ordinary river crab breeding owners, and can be rapidly popularized and used.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different amounts of eucommia ulmoides, houttuynia cordata, Ligusticum wallichii and Bdellovibrio on the activity of the hepatopancreas immunity related enzyme of the river crab in example 1.
FIG. 2 shows the effect of different amounts of eucommia ulmoides and Ligusticum chuanxiong on the serum immunity index of Eriocheir sinensis in example 1.
Detailed Description
The invention starts from river crabs, enhances the disease resistance of the river crabs by adding the additive for improving the nonspecific immunity and the oxidation resistance of the river crabs into the feed, not only can save the use of a large amount of prevention and treatment medicines, save the cost, reduce the medicine residue and improve the product quality, but also has good prevention and treatment effects on new or unknown diseases.
The Chinese medicinal preparation can regulate organ function, and maintain good disease resistance of organism, and has no drug resistance problem. Eucommia ulmoides (Eucommia ulmoides, Oliv), houttuynia cordata (Herba Houttuyniae) and Ligusticum wallichii (Hort) are common Chinese herbal medicine preparations and are currently applied to livestock and poultry.
Eucommia bark is a natural herbal medicine, has rich resources, is rich in chlorogenic acid, flavonoid compounds, polysaccharide and the like, and has the effects of inhibiting bacteria, resisting stress, resisting oxidation, eliminating free radicals, increasing digestive enzyme secretion, promoting growth, improving meat quality and the like. Researches show that phenolic acid substances such as chlorogenic acid in eucommia ulmoides play a role in promoting liver function and liver tissue regeneration, and the eucommia ulmoides extract added into daily ration can obviously improve the antioxidant index of the serum of donkey in Texas.
The houttuynia cordata is one of traditional medicinal and edible plants, and not only contains various nutrient components, such as: protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamins, etc., and also contains volatile oil, polysaccharide, flavone, polyphenol, etc. Research shows that the houttuynia cordata has obvious effects on immunity such as oxidation resistance, bacteriostasis, virus resistance, inflammation resistance, tumor resistance and the like, and research shows that the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, alkaline phosphatase Activity (AKP) and the like of the freshwater shrimps can be obviously improved by feeding the compound Chinese herbal medicine preparation containing the houttuynia cordata. In addition, the houttuynia cordata is added, so that the immune protection rate of SOD and Peroxidase (PO) and aeromonas hydrophila of the grass carp can be obviously improved.
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong is a common Chinese medicinal plant, and contains essential oil, polysaccharide, phenolic acids, etc. Researches find that the compound has important functions in the aspects of fever reduction, blood pressure reduction, pain relief, inflammation diminishing, oxidation resistance, antibiosis and the like.
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus (Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus) (hereinafter abbreviated as Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus) is a parasitic bacterium which specially lives on predatory bacteria and has the characteristics of parasitism and phagocytosis. Research shows that after bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is sprayed on feed and Carassius auratus gibelio is fed, the intestinal flora and the activity of the immunity-related enzyme of the feed are improved and enhanced. In addition, in sturgeon research, bdellovibrio bacteriovorus has a positive effect on an immune-related enzyme system in sturgeon bodies, and improves nonspecific immunity.
According to the experimental research result, the feed additive is scientifically compatible, and 3 Chinese herbal medicines of eucommia bark, ligusticum wallichii and houttuynia cordata and 1 beneficial bacterium bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with pathogenic bacteria phagocytosis capacity are matched according to a certain proportion for the first time to prepare the feed additive capable of remarkably improving the nonspecific immunity and the oxidation resistance of river crabs. By adding the additive disclosed by the invention into conventional commercial feeds, the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant index of the river crabs can be effectively improved, the disease resistance and the stress resistance of the river crabs are improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
Specifically, the additive comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of houttuynia cordata, 10-20 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 2-3 parts of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, 2-3 parts of soybean oil and 2-3 parts of fish oil.
The preparation method of the additive comprises the following steps:
1. respectively and independently crushing eucommia bark, heartleaf houttuynia herb and szechuan lovage rhizome into powder, and sieving the powder by a 100-mesh sieve;
2. fully stirring and uniformly mixing the powder prepared in the first step of the corresponding components;
3. adding bdellovibrio bacteriovorus with corresponding components into the mixed powder mixed uniformly in the second step, and mixing uniformly again;
4. and (4) sequentially adding the soybean oil and the fish oil with the corresponding components into the mixture prepared in the third step, uniformly mixing, drying, and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the finished product additive.
The use method of the additive comprises the following steps:
the additive can be matched with a commercial common river crab compound feed for use, is convenient and fast to use, does not need to be selected from feeds, and can remarkably improve the immunity and the oxidation resistance of ingested river crabs after being added. The feed additive and commercial feeds should be stored separately, and can be used after being prepared, and can be added into common river crab feed one day before feeding, and the mixed feed should be used as soon as possible to avoid long-term storage.
The specific using method comprises the following steps:
1. weighing additives with corresponding mass according to the mass of the common feed, wherein the mass ratio of the additives to the river crab feed is 3-5: 100;
2. spraying water accounting for 20-30% of the mass of the river crab feed to wet the river crab feed, adding the additive while stirring, and uniformly mixing as much as possible;
3. and (3) drying the mixed feed prepared in the step (2) at a low temperature or airing the mixed feed until the surface is dry, and feeding the river crabs according to a normal feeding mode.
The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Modifications or substitutions to methods, procedures, or conditions of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The experimental methods and reagents of the formulations not specified in the examples are in accordance with the conventional conditions in the art.
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus used in the following examples was purchased from Guangzhou Liyangshi obstetrics technologies, Inc.
Example 1
1. Influence of different addition amounts of eucommia bark, houttuynia cordata, ligusticum wallichii and bdellovibrio on liver and pancreas antioxidant indexes of river crab
The influence of eucommia ulmoides on the antioxidation index is shown in A in figure 1, the T-AOC of the liver and the pancreas of the river crab can be obviously improved by adding the eucommia ulmoides into the feed, wherein the effect is more obvious (P is less than 0.05) by adding 0.5 percent of eucommia ulmoides into the feed. In addition, compared with the control group, the eucommia ulmoides added by 0.5-3% can also obviously reduce the content of MDA (P is less than 0.05) in the hepatopancreas.
The influence of the houttuynia cordata on the antioxidation index is shown as B in figure 1, and the CAT activity (P is less than 0.05) of the liver and the pancreas of the river crab can be obviously improved by adding 1 percent of the houttuynia cordata in the feed.
The influence of rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong on antioxidation index is shown in C in figure 1, and the addition of 2% of rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong in the feed can significantly improve the T-SOD activity of liver pancreas of river crab (P is less than 0.05), and the addition of 1% of rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong can significantly reduce the content of MDA in liver pancreas (P is less than 0.05).
The influence of bdellovibrio on the antioxidation index is shown in D in figure 1, different concentrations of bdellovibrio have obvious influence on CAT activity and MDA content of the hepatopancreas of river crabs (P is less than 0.05), wherein 0.2% of the addition amount can obviously improve CAT activity of the hepatopancreas of river crabs and reduce MDA content in the hepatopancreas (P is less than 0.05), and 1% of the addition amount can obviously reduce MDA content in the hepatopancreas (P is less than 0.05).
2. Influence of eucommia bark, houttuynia cordata, ligusticum wallichii and bdellovibrio on serum immunity index of river crab
The influence of eucommia ulmoides on the immunity index is shown in A in figure 2, the addition of 3% of eucommia ulmoides in the feed can obviously improve the activity of serum CAT (P is less than 0.05), and the addition of 0.5-3% of eucommia ulmoides can obviously improve the activity of serum AKP (P is less than 0.05).
The influence of rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong on immunity index is shown in B in figure 2, and the addition of 1-2% rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong in the feed can significantly improve the activities of CAT and AKP in the serum of river crab (P < 0.05), and reduce the content of MDA in the serum (P < 0.05).
According to the results, scientific experiments prove that various main components complement each other and complement each other in function, and the improvement of the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of the river crabs can be comprehensively reflected through evaluation of various antioxidant and nonspecific immunity indexes. Wherein the optimum addition amount of Eucommiae cortex is 0.5-1%, herba Houttuyniae is 1%, rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong is 1-2%, and Bdellovibrio is 0.2%. In the aspect of hepatopancreatic indexes, in the most suitable addition amount, the eucommia ulmoides can obviously improve the total oxidation resistance (T-AOC) of the hepatopancreata of the river crabs and reduce the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreata; the houttuynia cordata can obviously improve the activity of Catalase (CAT) in liver and pancreas serum under the condition of the optimal addition amount; the Ligusticum wallichii can obviously improve the activity of the total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) of the liver and the pancreas under the condition of the optimal addition amount; the bdellovibrio bacteriovorus can obviously improve the activity of hepatopancreas Catalase (CAT) and reduce the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hepatopancreas of river crabs under the condition of the optimal addition amount. In the aspect of serum indexes, the eucommia ulmoides can obviously improve the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the serum of the river crab under the condition of the optimal addition amount; rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong can significantly improve the activity of Catalase (CAT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in blood serum, and reduce the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA) in blood serum in optimum addition amount. The main additive components are matched with each other, and have complementary functions, so that the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of the river crabs can be obviously improved, and the occurrence of diseases is reduced.
Hepatopancreas:
Figure BDA0002349415700000051
serum:
grouping CAT(U/mg prot) MDA(nmol/mg prot) AKP(U/mg prot)
Control group 1.85±0.77 1.33±0.55 0.79±0.1
Cortex Eucommiae additive 3.34±0.35 3.85±0.73 3.21±0.48*
Herba Houttuyniae extract 2.74±0.94 2.4±0.1 1.86±0.31
Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong is added 16.76±0.23* 6.57±0.32* 3.55±0.1*
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus additive 3.75±0.959 3.99±1.18 1.13±0.08
The additive disclosed by the invention is convenient to prepare and use, does not need professional equipment and professional knowledge, is not selected for the commercial compound feed of the river crabs, can be added in a few simple steps under the condition of not replacing the feed to obviously improve the immunity and disease resistance of the fed river crabs, and is convenient to rapidly popularize and use.

Claims (5)

1. A convenient feed additive for improving the nonspecific immunity and the antioxidant capacity of river crabs is characterized in that: the raw materials comprise the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of eucommia ulmoides, 10-15 parts of houttuynia cordata, 10-20 parts of ligusticum wallichii, 2-3 parts of bdellovibrio bacteriovorus, 2-3 parts of soybean oil and 2-3 parts of fish oil.
2. A method for preparing the feed additive according to claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, separately crushing eucommia ulmoides, houttuynia cordata and ligusticum wallichii into powder, and sieving the powder with a 100-mesh sieve;
step 2, uniformly mixing the eucommia bark powder prepared in the step 1, the fishy powder grass and the ligusticum wallichii powder;
step 3, adding bdellovibrio bacteriovorus into the mixed powder uniformly mixed in the step 2, and uniformly mixing;
and 4, sequentially adding the soybean oil and the fish oil into the mixed powder prepared in the step 3, uniformly mixing, drying and cooling to normal temperature to obtain the additive.
3. The use of the feed additive of claim 1 in river crab feed.
4. Use according to claim 3, characterized in that: the mass ratio of the feed additive to the river crab feed is 3-5: 100.
5. Use according to claim 4, characterized in that: the specific method of the application is as follows: weighing the additive according to the mass ratio of the feed additive to the river crab feed of 3-5:100, spraying water accounting for 20-30% of the mass of the river crab feed on the river crab feed, adding the additive while stirring, mixing uniformly, and drying the prepared mixed feed at low temperature or airing until the surface is dry.
CN201911408775.1A 2019-12-31 2019-12-31 Feed additive for improving nonspecific immunity and oxidation resistance of river crabs Pending CN111084278A (en)

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CN108967739A (en) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-11 中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心 A kind of Eriocheir sinensis phagostimulant and preparation method thereof
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