CN110800882A - Healthy feed for feeding snakeheads - Google Patents
Healthy feed for feeding snakeheads Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800882A CN110800882A CN201910870607.8A CN201910870607A CN110800882A CN 110800882 A CN110800882 A CN 110800882A CN 201910870607 A CN201910870607 A CN 201910870607A CN 110800882 A CN110800882 A CN 110800882A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
- Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention provides a healthy feed for feeding snakeheads, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 40-50 parts of wheat middling, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-20 parts of black rice, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.4-0.8 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 2-6 parts of feed additive, 0.6-1.8 parts of mineral salt mixture and 0.5-1.5 parts of multi-dimensional premix, wherein the feed additive is prepared from 75-85% of main traditional Chinese medicine extract, 10-15% of black sesame oil and 5-10% of corn starch; the traditional Chinese medicine extract is mainly prepared by taking radix astragali, folium mori, Chinese yam, radix codonopsitis, folium mori, tea tree flower, orange peel, red date, liquorice and black-bone chicken powder as raw materials and performing enzymolysis and boiling extraction. The feed can maintain normal physiological function of liver tissue, regulate fat metabolism, enhance immunity of grass carp, and increase survival rate.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquaculture feed, and particularly relates to a healthy feed for feeding snakeheads and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Snakeheads, also known as snakeheads, raw fishes, snakeheads, mythidae and the like, belong to the order Perciformes, the snakehead family; in our country, snakehead fish belong to two genera: snakehead and monthly; fresh water watersheds distributed in tropical africa, asia, and the like; the rare fishes in the fresh water are called as 'rare fishes', are high-grade health care products with comprehensive nutrition and delicious meat taste, and are always regarded as nourishing rare products for people who recover after illness and are weak; it has high meat content and no fine thorns between muscles, and is one of fish products suitable for both young and old; according to the measurement, each 100 g of fresh fish meat contains 19.8 g of protein, 1.4 g of fat and 1.2 g of sugar, and is a typical high-protein low-fat health food; according to the records of medical books, the snakehead also has the pharmacological actions of removing blood stasis, activating blood circulation, nourishing and tonifying yang, contracting muscles, promoting the production of body fluid, dispelling cold, recuperating and the like, and is always taken as a delicacy and tonic in east, south and Asia and China, and Tai district of hong Kong and Australia, so that the body price is not trivial; at present, the snakehead culture benefit is remarkable, and the snakehead culture method becomes one of hot aquaculture.
In a large-scale artificial snakehead culture mode, farmers use harmful substances such as antibiotics and sulfonamide additives for a long time or without control to achieve the purpose of high yield, and the harmful substances are enriched and remained in adult snakeheads and can damage the physiological functions of human bodies, including disability, sensitization, teratogenesis, carcinogenesis and genetically mutagenic cachexia. Such as chloramphenicol, damage to the liver and hematopoietic system, resulting in aplastic anemia and thrombocytopenia; penicillin and streptomycin are easy to cause allergy and allergic reaction; furazolidone has the effect of inhibiting the proliferation of B lymphocytes of animal organisms; olaquindox has carcinogenic tendency, and can inhibit animal growth after long-term use; sulfonamides can impair kidney function and the hematopoietic system. In order to enable fishes to grow quickly, some farmers also add stimulants, hormones and other illegal additives in feed or chilled fish in an excessive or illegal way, so that the contents of pesticides, veterinary drugs and heavy metals in fish products are seriously exceeded.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a healthy feed for feeding snakeheads, which can maintain the normal physiological function of liver tissues, regulate and control the nutrition of fat metabolism, enhance the immunity of the grass carps and improve the survival rate of the grass carps.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
a healthy feed for feeding snakeheads comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of wheat middling, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-20 parts of black rice, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.4-0.8 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 2-6 parts of feed additive, 0.6-1.8 parts of mineral salt mixture and 0.5-1.5 parts of multi-dimensional premix, wherein the feed additive is prepared from 75-85 wt% of main traditional Chinese medicine extract, 10-15 wt% of black sesame oil and 5-10 wt% of corn starch; the traditional Chinese medicine extract is mainly prepared by taking astragalus mongholicus, mulberry leaves, Chinese yam, codonopsis pilosula, mulberry leaves, tea tree flowers, orange peels, red dates, liquorice and black-bone chicken powder as raw materials and performing enzymolysis and boiling extraction.
Preferably, the black sesame seeds comprise, by weight, 5-10 parts of black red coix seeds, 3-6 parts of fish skin collagen, 2-4 parts of longan pulp extracts and 2-4 parts of mulberry leaf extracts.
Preferably, the specific preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following steps:
mixing astragalus membranaceus, mulberry leaves, Chinese yam, codonopsis pilosula, mulberry leaves, tea flowers, orange peels, red dates and liquorice to obtain mixed forage, adding 10-20 times by weight of water, and pulping to obtain pulp; adding cellulase into the slurry, heating to 40-60 ℃ for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis time is 4-8 h, heating for inactivation, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary enzymolysis liquid; adding the black-bone chicken powder into the preliminary enzymolysis liquid, stirring and mixing, heating to 50-70 ℃, adding protease for enzymolysis for 4-8 h, boiling and extracting for 2-3 times for 1-2 h each time, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying.
The addition amount of the cellulase is 1-3% of the weight of the mixed forage, and the addition amount of the protease is 0.8-1.6% of the weight of the black-bone chicken powder.
The preparation method of the feed additive comprises weighing the traditional Chinese medicine extract, the black sesame oil and the corn starch according to the proportion, and then mixing and stirring uniformly.
Preferably, the multi-vitamin premix is a vitamin mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol.
The preparation method of the healthy feed for feeding snakeheads comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 40-50 parts of wheat middling, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of cuttlefish meal, 15-20 parts of black rice, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.4-0.8 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 2-6 parts of feed additive, 0.6-1.8 parts of mineral salt mixture and 0.5-1.5 parts of multi-dimensional premix according to the proportion for use;
2) crushing the wheat middling, the bean pulp, the black rice and the wheat bran into a mixed coarse material by a crusher;
3) crushing the mixed coarse material obtained in the step 2) and the rest raw materials by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain an ultrafine mixed material;
4) and (2) transferring the superfine mixed material into a modulator, introducing 90-100 ℃ of water vapor according to 16-18% of the mass of the mixed material for modulation, and then feeding the modulated mixed material into an extrusion and expansion granulator at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ to prepare feed particles.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the traditional Chinese medicine extract in the additive is different from traditional Chinese medicine boiling and alcohol extract or more popular fermentation treatment, the raw materials are subjected to enzymolysis by enzyme, so that 'cage' for restraining active ingredients in the raw materials is broken, the ingredients of the raw materials can be fully solved through boiling treatment, and the active ingredients in the traditional Chinese medicine can be easily absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of fish and act on the liver.
2. The traditional Chinese medicine extract is prepared according to the biological characteristics of the snakehead and the compatibility principle of the traditional Chinese medicines, and is mainly prepared from astragalus, mulberry leaves, Chinese yam, codonopsis pilosula, mulberry leaves, tea flowers, orange peels, red dates, liquorice and black-bone chicken powder. The Chinese medicinal extract can inhibit growth of harmful flora, increase activity of detoxicating enzyme in liver, protect liver function, enhance immunity of in vivo cell of snakehead, and reduce content of triglyceride and cholesterol in blood serum, thereby improving lipid metabolism.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
75% of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 15% of black sesame oil and 10% of corn starch; the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 8 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 10 parts of mulberry leaves, 8 parts of Chinese yam, 6 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 7 parts of mulberry leaves, 6 parts of tea flowers, 3 parts of orange peels, 3 parts of red dates, 3 parts of liquorice and 2 parts of black-bone chicken powder.
The specific preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following steps:
mixing radix astragali, folium Mori, rhizoma Dioscoreae, radix Codonopsis, folium Mori, tea flower, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, fructus Jujubae and Glycyrrhrizae radix to obtain mixed fodder, adding 15 weight times of water, and pulping to obtain pulp; adding cellulase into the slurry, heating to 50 ℃ for enzymolysis for 6 hours, then heating for inactivation, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary enzymolysis liquid; adding gallus Domesticus powder into the primary enzymolysis liquid, stirring, heating to 60 deg.C, adding protease for enzymolysis for 6 hr, boiling for 2 times (2 hr each time), mixing extractive solutions, concentrating, and drying. The addition amount of the cellulase is 2 percent of the weight of the mixed forage, and the addition amount of the protease is 1 percent of the weight of the black-bone chicken powder.
Example 2
The feed additive comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight:
85% of traditional Chinese medicine extract, 10% of black sesame oil and 5% of corn starch; the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of astragalus membranaceus, 12 parts of mulberry leaves, 6 parts of Chinese yam, 4 parts of codonopsis pilosula, 10 parts of mulberry leaves, 4 parts of tea flowers, 5 parts of orange peels, 5 parts of red dates, 5 parts of liquorice and 3 parts of black-bone chicken powder.
The specific preparation method of the traditional Chinese medicine extract comprises the following steps:
mixing radix astragali, folium Mori, rhizoma Dioscoreae, radix Codonopsis, folium Mori, tea flower, pericarpium Citri Tangerinae, fructus Jujubae and Glycyrrhrizae radix to obtain mixed fodder, adding 20 weight times of water, and pulping to obtain pulp; adding cellulase into the slurry, heating to 40 ℃ for enzymolysis for 8 hours, then heating for inactivation, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary enzymolysis liquid; adding gallus Domesticus powder into the primary enzymolysis liquid, stirring, heating to 70 deg.C, adding protease for enzymolysis for 4 hr, boiling for 3 times (2 hr each time), mixing extractive solutions, concentrating, and drying. The addition amount of the cellulase is 3 percent of the weight of the mixed forage, and the addition amount of the protease is 1.6 percent of the weight of the black-bone chicken powder.
Example 3
A healthy feed for feeding snakeheads comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
46 parts of wheat middling, 27 parts of soybean meal, 18 parts of cuttlefish powder, 17 parts of black rice, 13 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.6 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 4 parts of the feed additive of example 1, 1.2 parts of a mineral salt mixture and 1 part of a multi-vitamin premix. The multi-vitamin premix is a vitamin mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol.
The preparation method of the healthy feed for feeding the snakeheads comprises the following steps:
1) weighing 41 parts of wheat middling, 27 parts of soybean meal, 18 parts of cuttlefish powder, 17 parts of black rice, 13 parts of wheat bran, 4 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.6 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 4 parts of the feed additive in example 1, 1.2 parts of a mineral salt mixture and 1 part of a multi-dimensional premix according to a ratio;
2) crushing the wheat middling, the bean pulp, the black rice and the wheat bran into a mixed coarse material by a crusher;
3) crushing the mixed coarse material obtained in the step 2) and the rest raw materials by using an ultrafine crusher to obtain an ultrafine mixed material;
4) and (3) transferring the superfine mixed material into a modulator, introducing 90-100 ℃ of water vapor according to 16% of the mass of the mixed material for modulation, and then, feeding the modulated mixed material into an extrusion and expansion granulator at the temperature of 90-100 ℃ to prepare feed particles.
Example 4
A healthy feed for feeding snakeheads comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40 parts of wheat middling, 30 parts of bean pulp, 15 parts of cuttlefish powder, 20 parts of black rice, 10 parts of wheat bran, 2 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.4 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 2 parts of the feed additive of example 2, 0.6 part of a mineral salt mixture and 0.5 part of a multi-vitamin premix. The multi-vitamin premix is a vitamin mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol.
Example 5
A healthy feed for feeding snakeheads comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:
50 parts of wheat middling, 25 parts of soybean meal, 20 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15 parts of black rice, 16 parts of wheat bran, 6 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.8 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 6 parts of the feed additive of example 1, 1.8 parts of a mineral salt mixture and 1.5 parts of a multi-vitamin premix. The multi-vitamin premix is a vitamin mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol.
Test examples
Selecting 1200 healthy snakeheads with the weight of about 40 grams, randomly dividing the snakeheads into 4 groups, wherein each group comprises 300 snakeheads, feeding basic snakehead expanded feed to a control group, feeding the healthy feeds for raising snakeheads of examples 3 to 5 to experimental groups 1 to 3 respectively under the same conditions, feeding the snakeheads for 60 days, detecting the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the snakehead serum, the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the activity of Catalase (CAT), and counting the average terminal weight, wherein the results are shown in Table 1; wherein, the basic snakehead expanded feed comprises the following components: 62 percent of fish meal, 5 percent of soybean meal, 2 percent of beer yeast, 1.5 percent of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 4 percent of vitamin and mineral premix, 22 percent of flour, 1 percent of lecithin oil and 2.5 percent of fish oil.
TABLE 1
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (5)
1. The healthy feed for feeding the snakeheads is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:
40-50 parts of wheat middling, 25-30 parts of soybean meal, 15-20 parts of cuttlefish powder, 15-20 parts of black rice, 10-16 parts of wheat bran, 2-6 parts of chicken skeleton, 0.4-0.8 part of rapeseed polypeptide, 2-6 parts of feed additive, 0.6-1.8 parts of mineral salt mixture and 0.5-1.5 parts of multi-dimensional premix, wherein the feed additive is prepared from 75-85 wt% of main traditional Chinese medicine extract, 10-15 wt% of black sesame oil and 5-10 wt% of corn starch; the traditional Chinese medicine extract is mainly prepared by taking astragalus mongholicus, mulberry leaves, Chinese yam, codonopsis pilosula, mulberry leaves, tea tree flowers, orange peels, red dates, liquorice and black-bone chicken powder as raw materials and performing enzymolysis and boiling extraction.
2. The health feed for raising snakehead according to claim 1, wherein the black sesame is 5 to 10 parts by weight, the black coix seed is 5 to 10 parts by weight, the fish skin collagen is 3 to 6 parts by weight, the longan pulp extract is 2 to 4 parts by weight, and the mulberry leaf extract is 2 to 4 parts by weight.
3. The health feed for feeding snakehead according to claim 2, wherein the specific preparation method of the herbal extract comprises the following steps:
mixing astragalus membranaceus, mulberry leaves, Chinese yam, codonopsis pilosula, mulberry leaves, tea flowers, orange peels, red dates and liquorice to obtain mixed forage, adding 10-20 times by weight of water, and pulping to obtain pulp; adding cellulase into the slurry, heating to 40-60 ℃ for enzymolysis, wherein the enzymolysis time is 4-8 h, heating for inactivation, and cooling to room temperature to obtain a primary enzymolysis liquid; adding the black-bone chicken powder into the preliminary enzymolysis liquid, stirring and mixing, heating to 50-70 ℃, adding protease for enzymolysis for 4-8 h, boiling and extracting for 2-3 times for 1-2 h each time, combining the extracting solutions, concentrating and drying.
4. The health feed for feeding snakehead according to claim 3, wherein the cellulase is added in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight of the mixed forage, and the protease is added in an amount of 0.8 to 1.6% by weight of the meat meal of the silky fowl.
5. The health feed for snakehead feeding according to claim 1, wherein the vitamin premix is a vitamin mixture of vitamin C, vitamin E and inositol.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115669820A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-02-03 | 江苏一品饲料科技发展有限公司 | Snakehead pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN115669820A (en) * | 2022-12-05 | 2023-02-03 | 江苏一品饲料科技发展有限公司 | Snakehead pellet feed and preparation method thereof |
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