CN111066544A - Method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus Download PDFInfo
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- CN111066544A CN111066544A CN201911389293.6A CN201911389293A CN111066544A CN 111066544 A CN111066544 A CN 111066544A CN 201911389293 A CN201911389293 A CN 201911389293A CN 111066544 A CN111066544 A CN 111066544A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of tomato viruses, and discloses a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which comprises the following steps of firstly, seedling culture and seedling selection of tomatoes; step three, processing a sunlight greenhouse before planting tomatoes; step four, installing an exhaust system of the sunlight room; fifthly, mounting a spray irrigation system of the sunlight room; and step six, managing the tomatoes after planting. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the method can effectively reduce the incidence rate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus diseases, and effectively solves the problem of tomato cultivation and planting after the autumn delay of a sunlight greenhouse. 2. The invention prevents and treats pests under the condition of not using pesticides by high-temperature greenhouse closing, and is beneficial to environmental ecological safety. 3. The invention realizes the elimination of bemisia tabaci and the reduction of the use amount of pesticides by simulating rainfall. 4. The invention improves the cooling effect of the sunlight greenhouse, improves the environmental conditions for tomato growth and improves the tomato yield by simulating rainfall and air exhaust.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of prevention and treatment of tomato viruses, in particular to a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus.
Background
The tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease is an explosive and destructive disease, the disease field is generally reduced by 30-50%, and the tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease is seriously and absolutely harvested. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus belongs to the geminiviridae, genus Phaseolus viridis, which is cyclically transmitted in a persistent manner under natural conditions mainly by insects, the only transmission vector of Bemisia tabaci, and is therefore also known as Bemisia tabaci geminivirus. As a main cultivation crop of the solar greenhouse tomatoes, the yellow leaf curl virus of the autumn delayed tomatoes is very serious. Bemisia tabaci, belonging to the homoptera, Bemisia tabaci, is widely distributed in more than 90 countries and regions around the world in continents other than Antarctica, and harms over 600 host plants including vegetables, cotton and ornamental flowers in tropical, subtropical and adjacent temperate regions. The tobacco whitefly is a super pest with serious generation overlap, rapid population growth and extremely wide host adaptability. At present, the prevention and control of the yellow leaf curl virus disease are still realized mainly by chemical prevention and control of mediator insect bemisia tabaci in production, unreasonable use and even abuse of chemical insecticides are caused, the problems of drug resistance of pests, insecticide pollution and residue and the like are caused, and the safety and ecological safety of agricultural products are seriously threatened.
In the prior art, the tomatoes in the solar greenhouse are delayed in autumn, and are dry due to high temperature in the greenhouse in the early stage. The tomato growth is not facilitated, the resistance is reduced, meanwhile, the tobacco whitefly breeding is facilitated at high temperature, and the virus propagation and outbreak are facilitated at high-temperature drying. How to further reduce the dosage of chemical pesticides and the greenhouse temperature to improve the disease resistance of tomatoes is an urgent problem to be solved. The inventor develops a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus based on the defects in the prior art, and can well solve the outstanding problems in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for preventing and controlling tomato yellow leaf curl virus, which can effectively control the occurrence of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and the prevention and control technical principle is as follows: after the tomatoes are transplanted, the tomato plants are blown to disturb the bemisia tabaci through the air exhaust facility, rainfall is simulated through the sprinkling irrigation facility, the wings of the bemisia tabaci are adhered through water drops or the bemisia tabaci is knocked down, the activity space of the bemisia tabaci is reduced, the bemisia tabaci is eliminated, and the tomato yellow leaf curl virus propagation path is blocked. Thereby blocking the transmission path of tomato yellow leaf curl virus and inhibiting the outbreak of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in a sunlight greenhouse. The invention has good effect on preventing and treating the yellow leaf curl virus disease especially in the growth process of tomatoes after the autumn delay of a sunlight greenhouse under the condition of reducing the use amount of pesticide and fertilizer or not using the pesticide and fertilizer. The method is beneficial to cooling and ventilating when used in a solar greenhouse at high temperature in autumn, is beneficial to tomato growth, and improves the disease resistance and stress resistance of plants; reduce the use of chemical pesticides, improve the quality of the tomatoes and improve the yield of the tomatoes. Reducing the survival time of the sunlight greenhouse air and the virus on the soil surface.
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling raising and seedling selection of tomatoes: the tomatoes are cultivated by adopting a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom residue and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the tomato seedlings are four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and delayed;
step two, determining the planting density of the tomatoes: planting the tomato seedlings in the first step in a sunlight greenhouse, and planting the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm;
step three, processing the sunlight greenhouse before the fixed planting of the tomatoes: 1) cleaning weeds and previous crops in a sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci 30-45 days before field planting of the tomatoes; 2) closing an air port 7 days before planting, closing a sunlight greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 2-3 days to eliminate bemisia tabaci and egg pupae in the greenhouse and ensure that no bemisia tabaci exists in a tomato planting field; 3) before the tomatoes are transplanted, the ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci which tries to enter the greenhouse;
step four, mounting an exhaust system of the sunlight room: the method comprises the following steps of (1) finishing installing a liftable exhaust fan before field planting, installing the liftable exhaust fan in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the distance between the liftable exhaust fan and the sunlight greenhouse in the width direction of the greenhouse is 2m, the height of the liftable exhaust fan when the liftable exhaust fan is in the greenhouse is equal to the height of planted tomatoes, and the height of the liftable exhaust fan when the liftable exhaust fan is in air exhaust is 2.2-2.5 m; the air exhaust can reduce the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 3-6 ℃;
before planting, the sprinkling irrigation system is installed, wherein the sprinkling irrigation system comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water delivery pipe, a spray nozzle and the like, wherein a hanging pipe is Ø 4- Ø 5mm, branch pipes are Ø 8- Ø 20mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray nozzles is 2.8-3 m, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow rate of a single-phase water supply pump is 8-12L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the diameter of a range spray nozzle is 3.5-4 m, the spray nozzle sprays water uniformly, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of the greenhouse at the distance of 2m from the ground by adopting the distance between the two branch pipes of 2.6m during arrangement, the branch pipes are fixed, and the spray nozzle, the hanging pipe and an elbow are connected to;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10-10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 6-8 ℃ after each spray irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
In the third step, the insect-killing protective net is prepared by dissolving trichlorfon in water, putting the insect-killing protective net in the solution prepared by the method for soaking for 4-6 hours, fishing out and drying in shade at 20-25 ℃.
In the sixth step, the ratio of the liquid medicine to the liquid medicine is 1: the ratio of 500 new high-fat membrane aqueous solution to liquid medicine is 1: 1000 of an amino-oligosaccharide aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 are mixed.
In the first step, the tomatoes are cultivated by using a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom dregs and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the main purpose of this is to cultivate strong seedlings, benefit transplantation, rich nutrition of the substrate, good air permeability and benefit root growth, wherein mushroom dregs are used as waste, and have air permeability and nutrition function.
Wherein, in the first step, the tomato seedling is selected to be a four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedling which can bloom after being planted and delayed; the main purpose of doing so is to select four leaves and one core, namely four leaves are symmetrically grown on one tomato seedling, so that the survival rate of the tomato seedling can be improved, and the flowering rate of the tomato seedling can be improved; because the tomato surface with four leaves and one heart can generate sufficient photosynthesis by using illumination, the tomato surface is beneficial to fast blooming after the tomato survives.
In the second step, the tomato seedlings in the first step are planted in the sunlight greenhouse, and the tomatoes are planted in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm; the main purpose of this is to adopt the appropriate tomato planting density, can improve the air permeability of the tomato, improve the photosynthesis of the tomato, guarantee sufficient photosynthesis of the tomato on the one hand, improve the uniformity of the diameter of the tomato; on the other hand, the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35cm, so that the ventilation property is ensured, and the yield of the tomatoes can be improved.
In the third step, 30-45 days before the tomato is fixedly planted, weeds, previous crops and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci in the sunlight greenhouse are cleaned; the main purpose of doing so is to cut off the foundation of breeding the parasitic bemisia tabaci through cleaning up the weeds and the previous crops of the parasitic bemisia tabaci in the sunlight greenhouse.
In the third step, the air port is closed 7 days before planting, the sunlight greenhouse is sealed, the greenhouse is sealed at high temperature for 2-3 days, Bemisia tabaci and Oomycetes pupae in the greenhouse are eliminated, and the tomato planting field is guaranteed to have no Bemisia tabaci; the main purpose of doing so is to kill the bemisia tabaci and the egg pupae at high temperature in a high-temperature shed-closing mode in the greenhouse and prevent the growth of the parasitic bemisia tabaci. The high-temperature shed is closed for 2-3 days according to the breeding characteristics of the parasitic bemisia tabaci, under the condition of high-temperature shed closing for 2-3 days, bemisia tabaci and egg pupae are thoroughly cleaned and killed, and the possibility of breeding the bemisia tabaci and the egg pupae can be greatly reduced.
In the third step, before the tomatoes are transplanted, an air vent of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci trying to enter the greenhouse; the insect killing protective net is prepared by dissolving trichlorfon in water, putting the insect prevention net in the solution prepared by the method for soaking for 4-6 hours, fishing out and drying in shade at 20-25 ℃. The main purpose of doing so is to soak solution that the trichlorfon allocated in insecticidal protection network soaks the shade and dries, can kill the whiteflies that try to enter sunlight greenhouse through the vent, stops external whiteflies to enter sunlight greenhouse.
In the fourth step, the liftable exhaust fans are installed in the sunlight greenhouse, the distance between the liftable exhaust fans and the greenhouse is 2m in the width direction of the greenhouse, the height of the liftable exhaust fans is equal to the height of the planted tomatoes when the liftable exhaust fans are installed before field planting, and the height of the liftable exhaust fans is 2.2-2.5 m when the liftable exhaust fans are used for exhausting; the air exhaust can reduce the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 3-6 ℃; the main purpose of doing so is to disturb the newly bred bemisia tabaci in the sunlight greenhouse, enable the bemisia tabaci to fly in the sunlight greenhouse, then adhere and drop the wings of the bemisia tabaci through atomized water drops sprayed by a spray nozzle of a spray irrigation system, and further kill the bemisia tabaci.
In the fifth step, before planting, the sprinkling irrigation system is installed and comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water conveying pipe, a spray head and the like, a hanging pipe is Ø 4- Ø 5mm, a branch pipe is Ø 8- Ø 20mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray heads is 2.8-3 m, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow rate of a single-phase water supply pump is 8-12L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the diameter of a spray range of the spray head is 3.5-4 m, the spray head sprays water uniformly, when the arrangement is carried out, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of a greenhouse by adopting the distance of 2.6m between the two branch pipes, the branch pipe is fixed at a position 2m away from the ground, the branch pipe is fixed, the spray head, the hanging pipe and an elbow is connected to be installed with the spray head, the rainfall is simulated by a water drop adhering to wings of bemisia tomato virus is reduced in the space, the tomato bemisia tomato yellow leaf spot virus is further eliminated, and the tomato yellow leaf.
In the sixth step, after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10-10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 6-8 ℃ after each spray irrigation for 20 minutes; the main purpose of doing so is that on the one hand, the bemisia tabaci can be killed by water spraying, so that the bemisia tabaci can fly, and the tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease transmission can be blocked; on the other hand, the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse can be reduced, namely the growth of the tomatoes is promoted, the disease resistance of plants is improved, and the yield of the tomatoes is improved. The sprinkling irrigation is carried out once a day for 20 minutes in the high-temperature period, the growth high temperature of the tomatoes is guaranteed not to exceed 35 ℃, the humidity keeps the soil dry and wet, and the tobacco whitefly is free from migration.
In the sixth step, the ratio of the liquid medicine to the liquid medicine is 1: the ratio of 500 new high-fat membrane aqueous solution to liquid medicine is 1: 1000 of an amino-oligosaccharide aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1, spraying a mixed solution of a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes. Because the new high-fat membrane powder is a wettable powder synthesized by scientific compounding of high-grade fatty acid and various compounds and by a novel special scientific research process. The product can automatically diffuse after being diluted for use, forms an ultrathin protective film to be attached to plants, does not influence the water absorption, ventilation and light transmission of crops, protects the crops from being infected by external diseases, and is called as 'plant health care clothing' in the name of America. Can be used for seed dressing of various crops, soil moisture conservation, seedling protection, disease prevention and disaster reduction, and the like. The new high-fat film is also an important intermediate in the production process of pesticides, and can also be used for the synergism of pesticides and leaf fertilizers. Meanwhile, the chitosan oligosaccharide can change the soil microbial flora, promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms and inhibit some phytopathogens. The chitosan oligosaccharide can stimulate the growth of plants, and increase the yield of crops, fruits and vegetables. The chitosan oligosaccharide can induce the disease resistance of plants, has the effects of immunizing and killing various fungi, bacteria and viruses, and has good prevention and treatment effects on diseases such as wheat mosaic disease, cotton verticillium wilt, rice blast, tomato epidemic disease and the like.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the invention provides a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus, and the method can effectively control the occurrence of the tomato yellow leaf curl virus; compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. the method can effectively reduce the incidence rate of tomato yellow leaf curl virus diseases, and effectively solves the problem of tomato cultivation and planting after the autumn delay of a sunlight greenhouse. 2. The invention prevents and treats pests under the condition of not using pesticides by high-temperature greenhouse closing, and is beneficial to environmental ecological safety. 3. The invention realizes the elimination of bemisia tabaci by simulating rainfall, reduces the usage amount of pesticide and is beneficial to environmental ecological safety. 4. The invention improves the good cooling effect of the sunlight greenhouse by simulating rainfall and air exhaust, reduces the highest temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 6-8 ℃ in hot early autumn, improves the environmental conditions for tomato growth and improves the tomato yield.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus diseases, which comprises the following steps:
step one, seedling raising and seedling selection of tomatoes: the tomatoes are cultivated by adopting a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom residue and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the tomato seedlings are four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and delayed;
step two, determining the planting density of the tomatoes: planting the tomato seedlings in the first step in a sunlight greenhouse, and planting the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm;
step three, processing the sunlight greenhouse before the fixed planting of the tomatoes: 1) cleaning weeds and previous crops in a sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci 30-45 days before field planting of the tomatoes; 2) closing an air port 7 days before planting, closing a sunlight greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 2-3 days to eliminate bemisia tabaci and egg pupae in the greenhouse and ensure that no bemisia tabaci exists in a tomato planting field; 3) before the tomatoes are transplanted, the ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci which tries to enter the greenhouse;
step four, mounting an exhaust system of the sunlight room: the method comprises the following steps of (1) finishing installing a liftable exhaust fan before field planting, installing the liftable exhaust fan in a sunlight greenhouse, wherein the distance between the liftable exhaust fan and the sunlight greenhouse in the width direction of the greenhouse is 2m, the height of the liftable exhaust fan when the liftable exhaust fan is in the greenhouse is equal to the height of planted tomatoes, and the height of the liftable exhaust fan when the liftable exhaust fan is in air exhaust is 2.2-2.5 m; the air exhaust can reduce the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 3-6 ℃;
before planting, the sprinkling irrigation system is installed, wherein the sprinkling irrigation system comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water delivery pipe, a spray nozzle and the like, wherein a hanging pipe is Ø 4- Ø 5mm, branch pipes are Ø 8- Ø 20mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray nozzles is 2.8-3 m, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow rate of a single-phase water supply pump is 8-12L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the diameter of a range spray nozzle is 3.5-4 m, the spray nozzle sprays water uniformly, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of the greenhouse at the distance of 2m from the ground by adopting the distance between the two branch pipes of 2.6m during arrangement, the branch pipes are fixed, and the spray nozzle, the hanging pipe and an elbow are connected to;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10-10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 6-8 ℃ after each spray irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
The first embodiment,
Step one, seedling raising and seedling selection of tomatoes: the tomatoes are cultivated by adopting a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom residue and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the tomato seedlings are four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and delayed;
step two, determining the planting density of the tomatoes: planting the tomato seedlings in the first step in a sunlight greenhouse, and planting the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm;
step three, processing the sunlight greenhouse before the fixed planting of the tomatoes: 1) cleaning weeds and previous crops in a sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci 30 days before field planting of the tomatoes; 2) closing an air port 7 days before planting, closing a sunlight greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 2 days to eliminate bemisia tabaci and egg pupae in the greenhouse and ensure that no bemisia tabaci exists in a tomato planting field; 3) before the tomatoes are transplanted, the ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci which tries to enter the greenhouse;
step four, mounting an exhaust system of the sunlight room: the liftable exhaust fan is installed in the sunlight greenhouse at a distance of 2m in the width direction of the greenhouse outlet before field planting, the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of disturbing tobacco whiteflies is equal to the height of the planted tomatoes, and the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of exhausting is 2.2 m; the air exhaust can reduce the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 3 ℃;
step five, mounting a spray irrigation system in a sunlight room, wherein the spray irrigation system is mounted before field planting and comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water delivery pipe, a spray nozzle and the like, wherein a hanging pipe is Ø 4mm, a branch pipe is Ø 8mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray nozzles is 2.8, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow of a single-phase water supply pump is 8L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the range diameter of the spray nozzle is 3.5m, the spray nozzle sprays water uniformly, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of the greenhouse by adopting the distance between two branch pipes of 2.6m when the spray nozzle is arranged, the spray nozzle is fixed at a position 2m away from the ground;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly for a while; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 6 ℃ after each sprinkling irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
Example II,
Step one, seedling raising and seedling selection of tomatoes: the tomatoes are cultivated by adopting a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom residue and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the tomato seedlings are four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and delayed;
step two, determining the planting density of the tomatoes: planting the tomato seedlings in the first step in a sunlight greenhouse, and planting the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm;
step three, processing the sunlight greenhouse before the fixed planting of the tomatoes: 1) cleaning weeds and previous crops in a sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci 40 days before field planting of the tomatoes; 2) closing an air port 7 days before planting, closing a sunlight greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 2.5 days to eliminate bemisia tabaci and egg pupae in the greenhouse and ensure that no bemisia tabaci exists in a tomato planting field; 3) before the tomatoes are transplanted, the ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci which tries to enter the greenhouse;
step four, mounting an exhaust system of the sunlight room: the liftable exhaust fan is installed in the sunlight greenhouse at a distance of 2m in the width direction of the greenhouse outlet before field planting, the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of disturbing tobacco whiteflies is as high as the height of the planted tomatoes, and the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of exhausting is 2.3 m; the air exhaust can reduce the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse by 4 ℃;
before planting, the spray irrigation system is installed, wherein the spray irrigation system comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water delivery pipe, a spray nozzle and the like, a hanging pipe is Ø 4.5.5 mm, a branch pipe is Ø 16mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray nozzles is 2.9m, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow of the single-phase water supply pump is 10L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the diameter of the range of the spray nozzle is 3.8m, the spray nozzle sprays water uniformly, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of the greenhouse by adopting the distance between the two branch pipes of 2.6m during arrangement, the position 2m away from the ground is fixed, the branch pipes are fixed, and the spray nozzle, the hanging pipe and;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10 am for 15 minutes, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly for a while; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 7 ℃ after each sprinkling irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
Example III,
Step one, seedling raising and seedling selection of tomatoes: the tomatoes are cultivated by adopting a plug substrate, and the substrate consists of grass peat, mushroom residue and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3: 2; the tomato seedlings are four-leaf and one-heart tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and delayed;
step two, determining the planting density of the tomatoes: planting the tomato seedlings in the first step in a sunlight greenhouse, and planting the tomatoes in the sunlight greenhouse according to wide and narrow rows, wherein the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm, and the plant spacing is 35 cm;
step three, processing the sunlight greenhouse before the fixed planting of the tomatoes: 1) 45 days before the tomato is planted, weeds and previous crops in a sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of parasitizing bemisia tabaci are cleaned; 2) closing an air port 7 days before planting, closing a sunlight greenhouse, and sealing the greenhouse at high temperature for 3 days to eliminate bemisia tabaci and egg pupae in the greenhouse and ensure that no bemisia tabaci exists in a tomato planting field; 3) before the tomatoes are transplanted, the ventilation opening of the sunlight greenhouse is sealed by a 40-mesh insecticidal protection net to block the bemisia tabaci outside the greenhouse from entering and kill the bemisia tabaci which tries to enter the greenhouse;
step four, mounting an exhaust system of the sunlight room: the liftable exhaust fan is installed in the sunlight greenhouse at a distance of 2m in the width direction of the greenhouse outlet before field planting, the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of disturbing tobacco whiteflies is equal to the height of the planted tomatoes, and the height of the liftable exhaust fan in the case of exhausting is 2.5 m; the temperature of the sunlight greenhouse can be reduced by 6 ℃ through air exhaust;
step five, mounting a spray irrigation system in a sunlight room, wherein the spray irrigation system is mounted before planting, and comprises a water source, a water supply pump, a control valve, a filter, a fertilizing valve, a fertilizing tank, a water delivery pipe, a spray nozzle and the like, wherein a hanging pipe is Ø 5mm, a branch pipe is Ø 20mm, a main pipe is Ø 32mm, a PE pipe with the wall thickness of 2mm is selected, the distance between the spray nozzles is 3m, the working pressure is about 0.18MPa, the flow of a single-phase water supply pump is 12L/h, the anti-blocking performance is required to be good, the range diameter of the spray nozzle is 4m, the spray nozzle sprays water uniformly, an expansion bolt is fixed in the length direction of the greenhouse by adopting the distance between two branch pipes of 2.6m during arrangement, the branch pipes are fixed at the position 2m away from the ground, and the spray nozzle;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly for a while; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 8 ℃ after each sprinkling irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surfaces 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surfaces of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes; 3) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus is characterized in that in the first step, seedlings are selected for seedling raising of tomatoes by using a plug-tray matrix, the matrix consists of turf, mushroom slag and vermiculite according to the volume ratio of 3:3:2, the tomato seedlings are selected from four-leaf one-core tomato seedlings, and can bloom after being planted and slowed down, in the second step, the planting density of the tomatoes is determined, the tomato seedlings in the first step are planted in a sunlight greenhouse in a field planting mode, the tomatoes are planted in the sunlight greenhouse in a wide and narrow mode, the wide row spacing is 80cm, the narrow row spacing is 60cm and the plant spacing is 35cm, in the third step, the tomato is treated in the sunlight greenhouse before field planting, the tomato field planting is carried out for 30-45 days, weeds and previous crops in the sunlight greenhouse and all crops capable of growing bemisia tabacia whitefly are cleaned, an air port is closed in the sunlight greenhouse in the first 7 days, the high-temperature tight greenhouse, the greenhouse is closed, the high-3 day, the greenhouse is covered with an air port, the air outlet of the greenhouse, the high-3 greenhouse is closed, the greenhouse is used for killing bemisia greenhouse, a greenhouse dust tabacia greenhouse dust-2-3 greenhouse air-spraying-3 greenhouse air-spraying system, and-2 greenhouse air-3 greenhouse air-2 greenhouse air-3 greenhouse-spraying system, and-2 greenhouse-3 greenhouse-2 greenhouse-3 greenhouse air-3 greenhouse-spraying-2 greenhouse-3 greenhouse-air-3 greenhouse air-;
step six, managing after planting tomatoes: 1) after the tomatoes are fixedly planted, starting a sprinkling irrigation facility at 10-10 am, starting an exhaust fan 2 minutes before spraying water, and disturbing the bemisia tabaci on the plants to fly; sprinkling irrigation precipitation ensures that each tomato can be sprinkled; the temperature can be reduced by 6-8 ℃ after each spray irrigation for 20 minutes; 2) and spraying a new high-fat film and amino-oligosaccharide mixed solution on the leaf surface 15 days after the fixed planting of the tomatoes, spraying the new high-fat film on the leaf surface of the tomatoes to form a protective film, avoiding bemisia tabaci, spraying the amino-oligosaccharide to promote the growth of the tomatoes, strengthening plants and increasing the disease resistance of the tomatoes.
2. The method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the third step, the insect-killing protective net is prepared by dissolving trichlorfon in water, putting the insect-killing protective net in the solution prepared by the method for soaking for 4-6 hours, fishing out and drying in shade at 20-25 ℃.
3. The method for preventing and treating tomato yellow leaf curl virus disease as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: in the sixth step, the ratio of the liquid medicine to the liquid medicine is 1: the ratio of 500 new high-fat membrane aqueous solution to liquid medicine is 1: 1000 of an amino-oligosaccharide aqueous solution according to the weight ratio of 1: 1 are mixed.
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