CN111057556A - Coastal saline-alkali soil improvement agent and improvement method - Google Patents
Coastal saline-alkali soil improvement agent and improvement method Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a coastal saline-alkali soil improver which is composed of iron tailings, an organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to the proportion of 3-4 g: 1.5-2 g: 2-3 mL; the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107～9×107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1. The invention adopts the addition of the modifying agent and the plantingThe method for restoring saline-alkali soil by using the plants not only obviously reduces the salt alkalinity of the soil and improves the survivability of the plants, but also improves the characteristics of fine soil particles, lack of macropores among the soil particles, poor ventilation and water permeability and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a coastal saline-alkali soil improver utilizing iron tailings and a microbial agent and an improvement method.
Background
Soil salination is one of the major types of soil degradation and is one of the most major abiotic stresses that limit crop growth and yield worldwide. The area of the saline-alkali soil in China is about 1 hundred million hectares, which is equivalent to 40 percent of the cultivated land area in China, and the saline-alkali soil is approximately distributed in the northeast, northwest, north China and east China, namely the three-north area and the east China and the southeast coastal area. With the increase of population, the reduction of cultivated land area and the scarcity of fresh water resources, saline-alkali soil has great development potential in China as a reserve resource.
At present, the main measures for improving the saline-alkali soil at home and abroad are hydraulic engineering and physical repair (irrigation and salt washing, drainage and desalting, soil dressing improvement), chemical and agricultural repair (paddy-upland rotation, high polymer soil improvement agent, desulfurized gypsum, fly ash, furfural residue, tailings and the like), biological repair (seed selection, introduction, genetic engineering breeding and the like for breeding saline-alkali tolerant plants and mycorrhizal fungi) and the like aiming at the characteristics of the saline-alkali soil.
Chinese patent document CN108966718A discloses a saline-alkali soil improvement method, comprising the following steps: deep ploughing and leveling, salt discharge in a concealed conduit, irrigation, application of a soil directional conditioner and planting of saline-alkali tolerant rice varieties. The invention can obviously improve the physical structure of the saline-alkali soil, reduce the total salt content of the saline-alkali soil and activate the soil, but has huge engineering quantity and inconvenient construction. Chinese patent document CN108148597A discloses a saline-alkali soil biological bacteria modifying agent, which comprises: the preparation of high-sulfur compound bacterium powder, the preparation of organic additives and medium-trace element additives can greatly improve the growth indexes of crops and increase the yield of the crops after being applied, but the environment is polluted secondarily after long-term application. Chinese patent document CN108251124A provides a saline-alkali soil improvement agent and a saline-alkali soil improvement method, wherein modified alkali sulfide residue, yeast extract and microbial agent are used for improving saline-alkali soil. The method can effectively realize saline-alkali soil improvement, has low cost, can realize resource recycling, and reduces environmental pollution, but the preparation process of the modifier is complex, and the modifier is difficult to popularize and use in a large range.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing coastal saline-alkali soil improvement and restoration technology, and provides a coastal saline-alkali soil improver and an improvement method.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the aim:
the coastal saline-alkali soil improver disclosed by the invention is composed of iron tailings, an organic fertilizer and a microbial agent according to a ratio of 3-4 g: 1.5-2 g: 2-3 mL;
the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107～9×107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
The littoral saline-alkali soil improver is characterized in that the granularity of the iron tailings is 20-50 mu m.
The organic fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer.
The bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.7408 and the bacillus megaterium CGMCC1.7413 are adopted as the coastal saline-alkali soil modifier.
The coastal saline-alkali soil modifier comprises the following iron tailings, organic fertilizer and microbial agent in proportion: 3g:1.5g:2 mL.
The coastal saline-alkali soil improver is characterized in that the effective viable bacteria concentration of the microbial agent is 8.7 multiplied by 107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and effective viable bacteria concentration of 8.8 × 107CFU/mL of Bacillus megaterium was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
According to the improvement method of the coastal saline-alkali soil, the method a or the method b is adopted:
the method a comprises the following steps:
1) adding 3000-4000 g of iron tailings, 1500-2000 g of organic fertilizer and 2000-3000 mL of microbial agent into saline-alkali soil per square meter, uniformly mixing with soil with the depth of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, and balancing the soil for 3-5 days;
2) flood irrigation is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, then the soil is balanced for 5-10 days, then plants are planted, and maintenance is carried out according to a conventional field management method;
the method b:
1) weighing iron tailings and organic fertilizer according to a proportion, adding 3000-4000 g of iron tailings and 1500-2000 g of organic fertilizer into saline-alkali soil per square meter, uniformly mixing with saline-alkali soil with the depth of 10-20 cm of the surface layer, and then flood-irrigating the saline-alkali soil to balance the soil for 5-10 days;
2) and planting plants, spraying 2000-3000 mL of microbial agent to saline-alkali soil per square meter after the plants germinate, and maintaining the plants according to a conventional field management method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the invention uses the iron tailing waste material as the modifier, has wide material source, low cost and simple manufacturing process, and realizes the recycling of waste resources. Aiming at the characteristics of high yield, low utilization rate and the like of the iron tailings, the method can apply a large amount of iron tailings to the restoration of saline-alkali soil, so that the iron tailings are changed into valuable things;
(2) the main microorganisms of the microbial inoculum used by the invention are bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium. The bacillus subtilis is used as a beneficial microorganism of plant rhizosphere, can promote the growth of plant roots and plants by secreting hormone substances, various enzymes and antibacterial substances, enhances the capabilities of the plants in resisting diseases, drought, salt and alkali and the like, and promotes the growth of the plants in the stress; the bacillus megaterium has the effects of dissolving phosphorus, promoting nutrient absorption of plants, enhancing photosynthesis, increasing disease resistance of the plants and the like;
(3) the iron tailings are used for assisting microorganisms and planting plants to restore the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkali soil, so that the salt alkalinity of the soil can be reduced to a certain extent, the survivability of the plants can be improved, the characteristics of fine soil particles, lack of macropores among the soil particles, poor ventilation and water permeability and the like are improved, and a certain foundation is provided for the reclamation of the tailings;
(4) the method has simple process and long action effect duration in the using process, and the repaired soil environment quality meets the requirements of the soil environment quality standard GB 156181995 in China, and can be popularized and used in a large range.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the invention are not limited thereto.
The preparation method of the microbial agent in the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
respectively culturing bacillus subtilis and bacillus megatherium on a common broth slope for 48-50 h at 28-30 ℃ for activation; inoculating the activated strain into a conical flask filled with beef extract peptone medium at 28-30 ℃ for 200-220 r.min-1Oscillating on a shaking table for 24 hours to carry out propagation; diluting the bacterial liquid with sterile water to effective viable bacteria of 1 × 107～9×107CFU/mL；
The preparation method of the beef extract peptone culture medium comprises the following steps: 5.0g of beef extract, 10.0 g of peptone and 5.0g of sodium chloride, adjusting the pH value to 7.4, diluting distilled water to a constant volume of 1000mL, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min to obtain the beef extract;
the preparation steps of the common broth culture medium are as follows: 20.0g of peptone, 5.0g of sodium chloride and 5.0g of beef powder, adjusting the pH value to 7.5, diluting distilled water to 1000mL, and sterilizing at 121 ℃ for 30 min.
Iron tailings in the Anshan Dalonshan iron tailing pond with the granularity of 20-50 mu m are obtained; the organic fertilizer is chicken manure.
Example 1
The coastal saline-alkali soil modifier comprises: the proportion of the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent is as follows: 3g, 1.5g, 2 mL;
the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with concentration of 8.7 multiplied by 107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and effective viable bacteria concentration of 8.8 × 107CFU/mL of Bacillus megaterium was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
The saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
1) adding a modifier:
adding 3000 g of iron tailings and 1500 g of organic fertilizer into saline-alkali soil of Cangzhou county in Hebei province according to the proportion of adding 3000 g of iron tailings and 1500 g of organic fertilizer into each square meter of land, uniformly ploughing the saline-alkali soil with 10cm of deep soil, and then performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to balance the soil for one week;
2) plant seed selection:
selecting full-grain alfalfa seeds with complete plumules, and soaking the seeds in water for 4 hours before sowing;
3) planting plants:
after the soil is balanced, applying the soaked plant seeds to the soil, and watering regularly;
4) and (3) applying a microbial inoculum:
after the plant seeds germinate, the microbial agent is sprayed to the surface layer of the soil according to the proportion of 2000 mL per square meter, and the plants are watered regularly.
Comparative example 1
The iron tailings and the organic fertilizer are used for improving the coastal saline-alkali soil, and a microbial agent is not added.
The proportion of the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer is as follows: 3g to 1.5 g;
the procedure is as in example 1.
Comparative example 2
Organic fertilizer and microbial agent are used for improving the coastal saline-alkali land without adding iron tailings.
The proportion of the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent is as follows: 1.5g is 2 mL;
the procedure is as in example 1.
Description of the index measurement: after the alfalfa seeds are sown for two months, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the physiological and biochemical indexes of plants are measured. Measuring pH and salt content indexes of soil with the surface layer of 0-5 cm to study the effect of the conditioner on reducing the salinity and alkalinity of the soil; calculating the rate of emergence and the average plant height of the plants by a random counting and random sampling method so as to reflect the growth and development conditions of the plants; and (3) measuring the chlorophyll content and the malondialdehyde content of the plant leaves to reflect the viability of the plants under the adverse circumstances.
The observation of example 1 compared to the best observation of comparative examples 1 and 2 is as follows:
(1) example 1 pH decreased by 0.97, comparative example 1 pH decreased by 0.57, comparative example 2 pH decreased by 0.33;
(2) the salt content of the embodiment 1 is reduced by 32.3 percent, the salt content of the comparative example 1 is reduced by 17.9 percent, and the salt content of the comparative example 2 is reduced by 4.6 percent;
(3) example 1 the rate of emergence of the plants was 94.6%, comparative example 1 the rate of emergence of the plants was 83.2%, and comparative example 2 the rate of emergence of the plants was 71.4%;
(4) the average plant height of the plants in example 1 is 24.71cm, the average plant height of the plants in comparative example 1 is 20.83cm, and the average plant height of the plants in comparative example 2 is 17.29 cm;
(5) example 1 the chlorophyll content of the plant is 4.06 mg/g, the chlorophyll content of the plant of comparative example 1 is 3.16 mg/g, and the chlorophyll content of the plant of comparative example 2 is 2.41 mg/g;
(6) example 1 the content of vegetable malondialdehyde was 0.0013. mu. mol/g, comparative example 1 the content of vegetable malondialdehyde was 0.0059. mu. mol/g, and comparative example 2 the content of vegetable malondialdehyde was 0.0151. mu. mol/g;
the data of example 1 and comparative examples 1 and 2 show that example 1 shows better advantages than comparative examples 1 and 2 in soil physicochemical properties, plant stress resistance, plant growth conditions, and plant growth amount.
Example 2
The saline-alkali soil modifier comprises: the proportion of the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent is as follows: 4g, 2g, 3 mL;
the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with concentration of 1.2 × 107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and effective viable bacteria concentration of 1.1 × 107CFU/mL of Bacillus megaterium was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
The improvement method of the coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) mixing iron tailings, organic fertilizer and microbial agent in proportion, wherein each part consists of 4g of iron tailings, 2g of organic fertilizer and 3mL of microbial agent, adding 1000 parts of modifying agent into saline-alkali soil per square meter, uniformly mixing with soil with the depth of 20cm on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, and balancing the soil for 5 days;
2) and (3) performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil, then balancing the soil for 10 days, then planting alfalfa, and maintaining according to a conventional field management method.
Example 3
The saline-alkali soil modifier comprises: the proportion of the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent is as follows: 3.5g:1.8g:2.5 mL;
the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with concentration of 4.7 multiplied by 107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and effective viable bacteria concentration of 5.2 × 107CFU/mL of Bacillus megaterium was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
The improvement method of the coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
the saline-alkali soil improvement method comprises the following steps:
1) adding a modifier:
adding 3500 g of iron tailings and 1800 g of organic fertilizer into saline-alkali soil in Cangzhou county of Hebei according to the proportion of adding 3500 g of iron tailings and 1800 g of organic fertilizer into each square meter of land, uniformly turning over the soil with the depth of 15cm, and then performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to balance the soil for 10 days;
2) plant seed selection:
selecting full-grain alfalfa seeds with complete plumules, and soaking the seeds in water for 4 hours before sowing;
3) planting plants:
after the soil is balanced, applying the soaked plant seeds to the soil, and watering regularly;
4) and (3) applying a microbial inoculum:
after the plant seeds germinate, spraying the microbial agent to the surface layer of the soil according to the proportion of 2500mL per square meter, and watering the plants regularly.
Claims (7)
1. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver is characterized by comprising iron tailings, organic fertilizer and microbial agent in a ratio of 3-4 g: 1.5-2 g: 2-3 mL;
the microbial agent is effective viable bacteria with the concentration of 1 multiplied by 107～9×107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and bacillus megaterium are mixed according to the volume ratio of 1: 1.
2. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the granularity of the iron tailings is 20-50 μm.
3. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer.
4. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bacillus subtilis is bacillus subtilis CGMCC 1.7408, and the bacillus megaterium is bacillus megaterium CGMCC 1.7413.
5. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, wherein the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the microbial agent are mixed in the following ratio: 3g:1.5g:2 mL.
6. The coastal saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the microbial agent is an effective viable bacteria concentration of 8.7 x 107CFU/mL bacillus subtilis and effective viable bacteria concentration of 8.8 × 107CFU/mL of Bacillus megaterium was mixed at a volume ratio of 1: 1.
7. A method for improving coastal saline-alkali soil by using the soda saline-alkali soil improver of claim 1, which is characterized in that the following method a or method b is adopted:
the method a comprises the following steps:
1) adding 3000-4000 g of iron tailings, 1500-2000 g of organic fertilizer and 2000-3000 mL of microbial agent into saline-alkali soil per square meter, uniformly mixing with soil with the depth of 10-20 cm on the surface layer of the saline-alkali soil, and balancing the soil for 3-5 days;
2) flood irrigation is carried out on the saline-alkali soil, then the soil is balanced for 5-10 days, then plants are planted, and maintenance is carried out according to a conventional field management method;
the method b:
1) adding 3000-4000 g of iron tailings and 1500-2000 g of organic fertilizer into each square meter of saline-alkali soil, uniformly mixing with the saline-alkali soil with the depth of 10-20 cm of the surface layer, and then performing flood irrigation on the saline-alkali soil to balance the soil for 5-10 days;
2) and planting plants, spraying 2000-3000 mL of microbial agent to saline-alkali soil per square meter after the plants germinate, and maintaining the plants according to a conventional field management method.
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