CN111117639A - Soda saline-alkali soil modifier containing microorganisms and modifying method - Google Patents
Soda saline-alkali soil modifier containing microorganisms and modifying method Download PDFInfo
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- CN111117639A CN111117639A CN201911344547.2A CN201911344547A CN111117639A CN 111117639 A CN111117639 A CN 111117639A CN 201911344547 A CN201911344547 A CN 201911344547A CN 111117639 A CN111117639 A CN 111117639A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/40—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing mixtures of inorganic and organic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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Abstract
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing saline-alkali soil biological improvement method and provides a soda saline-alkali soil improver containing microorganisms and an improvement method. The soda saline-alkali soil modifier consists of azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and an organic fertilizer, wherein the proportion of the three components is 1800 ml-2000 ml: 4000 g-4500 g: 1200-1500 g of Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1-9 multiplied by 107CFU/ml. Through the compound application of the azospirillum brasilense and the iron tailings, the salinity of the soil can be further reduced, the pH value of the soil is balanced, the growth of crops is promoted, and the long-acting improvement of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a soda saline-alkali soil improver utilizing iron tailings and a microbial agent and a method for improving saline-alkali soil.
Background
The essence of the formation of the saline-alkali soil is that various soluble salts are redistributed in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction on the ground, so that the salt is gradually accumulated on the soil surface layer of the salt-collecting area to influence the germination and growth of plants, so that the soil environment is salinized, the ecological system is degraded, and the ecological environment is damaged. Soda saline-alkali soil belongs to one type of saline-alkali soil. Soda saline-alkali soil contains a large amount of carbonate components, mainly sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. The soda saline-alkali soil has high salt content and high alkalization degree, so that the pH value of the soil is high, the physical and chemical properties such as structure, permeability and the like are very poor, and the growth and development of crops are seriously influenced.
Due to natural reasons and unreasonable farming methods, the area of saline-alkali soil is continuously enlarged, and great pressure is brought to the increasingly serious problem of farmland resource shortage in China. The reasonable development and utilization of the method can effectively relieve the shortage of cultivated land resources and the food crisis in China. The improvement measures for the saline-alkali soil at the present stage mainly comprise technical measures of flat-bottom alkali control, water conservancy improvement, soil fertility improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement, soil dressing improvement, irrigation, salt washing and the like.
The Chinese patent No. 105062930B provides a microbial preparation formula for improving saline-alkali soil and an application method thereof, and the formula comprises the following raw materials: the composite microbial inoculum consisting of bacillus licheniformis, candida utilis and lactobacillus plantarum, sludge of a sewage treatment plant and straw stalks can improve the tiltability of saline-alkali soil in a short period, and greatly improve the yield of crops and the survival rate of seedlings. However, the sludge added in the method has complex components, contains a large amount of unknown microorganisms, and has great threat to plants, ecological environment and human health.
The improvement of the saline-alkali soil is a long-term and diversified improvement process, not only needs to eliminate saline-alkali components of the soil, but also needs to establish a long-acting ecological circulation system to prevent saline-alkali rebound, but also has defects in the technical recognition and application of long-acting and species richness of the saline-alkali soil improvement at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing saline-alkali soil biological improvement method and provides a saline-alkali soil improver containing microorganisms and an improvement method. The microorganism used by the invention is Azospirillum brasilense, can be metabolized and propagated by salt in the saline-alkali soil, reduces the salt content of the soil, balances the pH value of the soil, improves the diversity of indigenous microorganisms in the soil, and promotes the growth of crop roots. The invention utilizes the iron tailings to destroy the capillary action of the soil, greatly reduces the salt return and the alkali return, and realizes the reasonable utilization of waste resources. Through the compound application of the azospirillum brasilense and the iron tailings, the salinity of the soil can be further reduced, the pH value of the soil is balanced, the growth of crops is promoted, and the long-acting improvement of the saline-alkali soil is realized.
A soda saline-alkali soil modifier containing microorganisms consists of Azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizers; the proportion of three components of azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer is 1800 ml-2000 ml: 4000 g-4500 g: 1200-1500 g of Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid with the concentration of 1-9 multiplied by 107CFU/ml；
Wherein the preservation number of the azospirillum brasilense is CGMCC 1.5808:
the particle size of the iron tailings is 20-50 mu m;
the organic fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer, preferably chicken manure.
A method for improving saline-alkali soil utilizes the saline-alkali soil improver and adopts the method a or the method b:
the method a comprises the following specific steps:
1) salt washing
The saline-alkali soil is soaked and washed by using irrigation water for 3 days for 2-3 times;
2) application of modifying agent
Taking the azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, uniformly scattering the mixture on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the using amount of 1 part of saline-alkali soil per square meter, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-40 cm, balancing for 2-3 weeks, and then planting plants;
the method b comprises the following specific steps:
1) addition of iron tailings
Uniformly scattering the iron tailings on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 4000-4500 g per square meter, then turning over till the depth is 20-40 cm, and balancing for 1-2 weeks;
2) salt washing
The saline-alkali soil is soaked and washed by using irrigation water for 3 days for 2-3 times;
3) applying organic fertilizer
Adding the organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil according to the using amount of 1200-1500 g per square meter;
4) drench application microbial liquid
The concentration is 1 to 9 x 107Spraying 1800 mL-2000 mL of the CFU/mL Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid into the saline-alkali soil according to the amount of spraying 1800 mL-2000 mL per square meter, ploughing a soil layer with the depth of 5-8cm, fully and uniformly mixing the microorganisms, the organic matters and the saline-alkali soil added with the iron tailings, and carrying out plant planting after balancing for 1.5-2 weeks.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention utilizes the small particle size of the iron tailings to block the capillary action of the soil and inhibit the salt return and the alkali return. The iron tailing colloid can form a diffusion double electric layer with the soil colloid, so that negative charges on the surface of the soil are reduced, the adsorption of the soil to salt ions is reduced, and the separation of the salt ions is realized. Meanwhile, the salt content of the surface soil is reduced by utilizing the life activities of microorganisms, the biological diversity of the soil is improved, and the long-acting improvement of the saline-alkali soil is realized. The method is safe and long-acting, does not produce secondary pollution, and is a low-cost and high-benefit saline-alkali soil improvement method.
2. The microbial improvement of the saline-alkali soil is a mild and continuous modification method, and has low cost and quick response.
3. The improvement of the saline-alkali soil is realized by utilizing the industrial waste iron tailings, and the treatment of wastes with processes of wastes against one another is realized.
Detailed Description
The following is a further description with reference to specific embodiments.
The preparation method of the azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid in the following examples comprises the following steps:
the selected strain is Azospirillum brasilense CGMCC 1.5808, and the strain is activated on a slope of common broth to obtain an activated strain; inoculating the activated test strain to the beef extract-containing eggs sterilized at high temperatureExpanding propagation in a conical flask of white peptone culture medium at 28-30 ℃ and 200-220 r.min-1Oscillating the mixture on a shaking table for 18 to 24 hours, and then diluting the bacteria solution to 1 to 9 multiplied by 10 by using sterile water7CFU/ml (count on haemocytometer).
The formula of the common broth is as follows: peptone 20.0g, NaCl5.0g, beef powder 5.0g, adjusting pH to 7.5, and fixing volume to 1000 ml.
The formula of the beef extract peptone culture medium is as follows: 10.0g of peptone, 5.0g of NaCl5.0g of beef extract, adjusting the pH value to be the same as the pH value of soil, fixing the volume by 1000ml of sterile water, and proportionally expanding according to the actual dosage.
The iron tailings in the following embodiment are iron tailings in an Anshan Dalonshan iron tailing pond, and the particle size is 20-50 mu m; the organic fertilizer is a chicken fertilizer purchased in the market.
Example 1
Selecting a block with the width of 3m and the length of 10m and the area of about 30m in the white city land tower 361699 in Jilin province2The typical soda saline-alkali soil is improved.
The saline-alkali soil improver containing microorganisms comprises azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer; the proportion of the three components of the azospirillum brasilense, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer is 2000 ml: 4500 g: 1500g, the concentration of Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid is 4.7 multiplied by 107CFU/ml；
The improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding iron tailings, uniformly spreading the iron tailings on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 4500g per square meter, mechanically ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 40cm, and balancing for 2 weeks after ploughing;
(2) salt washing, namely soaking and washing the saline-alkali soil by using irrigation water for 3 days for 3 times;
(3) applying an organic fertilizer, and adding the organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 1500g per square meter;
(4) spraying microbial liquid, and culturing the activated and propagated Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid at a concentration of 4.7 × 107Spraying CFU/ml in the amount of 2000ml per square meter into the saline-alkali soil, slightly turning over to show 8cm soil layer, and allowing microorganisms, organic matter and salt alkali containing iron tailingsMixing the soil, balancing for 2 weeks, and sowing suaeda glauca seeds.
Example 2
Selecting a block with the width of 3m and the length of 10m and the area of about 30m in the white city land tower 361699 in Jilin province2The typical saline-alkali soil is improved.
The soda saline-alkali soil modifier containing microorganisms is composed of azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer; the proportion of the three components of the azospirillum brasilense, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer is 1900 ml: 4250 g: 1350g, concentration of Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid 1.5X 107CFU/ml；
The improvement method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding iron tailings, uniformly scattering the iron tailings on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 4250g per square meter, mechanically ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20cm, and balancing for 1 week after ploughing;
(2) salt washing, namely soaking and washing the saline-alkali soil by using irrigation water for 3 days for 3 times;
(3) applying an organic fertilizer, and adding the organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 1350g per square meter;
(4) applying microbial liquid in a spraying manner, and enabling the activated and propagated Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid to have the concentration of 1.5 multiplied by 107Spraying the CFU/ml into the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 1900ml per square meter, turning over to show that the soil layer is 5cm, fully and uniformly mixing the microorganisms, the organic matters and the saline-alkali soil containing the iron tailings, and sowing the suaeda salsa seeds after balancing for 1.5 weeks.
Example 3
Selecting a block with the width of 3m and the length of 10m and the area of about 30m in the white city land tower 361699 in Jilin province2The typical saline-alkali soil is improved.
The soda saline-alkali soil modifier containing microorganisms is composed of azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer; the proportion of the three components of the azospirillum brazilian, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer is 1800 ml: 4000 g: 1200g of Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid with the concentration of 8.8 multiplied by 107CFU/ml；
1) Salt washing
The saline-alkali soil is naturally soaked and washed by using irrigation water for 3 days for 2 times;
2) application of modifying agent
Taking the azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, uniformly scattering the mixture on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 1 part per square meter of the saline-alkali soil, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 30cm, and sowing suaeda salsa seeds after balancing for 3 weeks.
Comparative example 1
Selecting a block with the width of 3m and the length of 10m and the area of about 30m in the white city land tower 361699 in Jilin province2The typical saline-alkali soil is improved, the microbial liquid is not sprayed in the comparative example, and other steps are the same as the example 1.
Comparative example 2
Selecting a block with the width of 3m and the length of 10m and the area of about 30m in the white city land tower 361699 in Jilin province2The typical saline-alkali soil is improved, no iron tailings are added in the comparative example, and other steps are the same as those in the example 1.
Test results of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 and 2:
and (3) carrying out index detection after the suaeda glauca grows for 60 days from sowing: soil pH, soil salt content, plant survival rate, plant height and root length, and setting blank control, i.e. saline-alkali soil is not treated.
The test results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 test data for various groups of soils and plants
According to the detection results, the pH and the salt content of the soda saline-alkali soil modifier can be obviously improved, and the survival rate and the stress resistance of plants are improved. The pH of the improved saline-alkali soil is reduced by about 1 unit, the salt content is reduced by about 40%, the plant height and the root length are increased by 3-4 times, and the normal growth level of plants is achieved. As can be seen from comparative example 1, the pH and salt content of the soil were increased compared to those of example 1 in the absence of microorganisms, and the survival rate of the plants, plant height and root length were decreased, indicating that the microorganisms were able to effectively decrease pH and salt content and improve plant tolerance. As can be seen from comparative example 2, the iron tailings are lacked, the pH and the salt content of the soil are obviously increased, the phenomenon of salt return and alkali return is serious, and the plants can not grow normally. Therefore, the method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the azospirillum brasilense composite iron tailings provided by the invention can achieve the effect of effectively improving the saline-alkali soil only by realizing the composite application of the microorganisms and the iron tailings.
Claims (6)
1. A soda saline-alkali soil improver containing microorganisms is characterized by comprising Azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer; the proportion of three components of azospirillum brasilense, iron tailings and organic fertilizer is 1800 ml-2000 ml: 4000 g-4500 g: 1200-1500 g.
2. The soda saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concentration of the azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid is 1 to 9 x 107CFU/ml。
3. The soda saline-alkali soil improver as claimed in claim 1, wherein the preservation number of Azospirillum brasilense is CGMCC 1.5808.
4. The soda saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, characterized in that the particle size of iron tailings is 20-50 μm.
5. The soda saline-alkali soil improver according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic fertilizer is a commercially available organic fertilizer.
6. A method for improving saline-alkali soil, which utilizes the saline-alkali soil improver of claim 1, and is characterized in that the method a or the method b is adopted:
the method a comprises the following specific steps:
1) salt washing
The saline-alkali soil is soaked and washed by using irrigation water for 3 days for 2-3 times;
2) application of modifying agent
Taking the azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid, the iron tailings and the organic fertilizer according to the proportion, uniformly mixing, uniformly scattering the mixture on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the using amount of 1 part of saline-alkali soil per square meter, then ploughing, wherein the ploughing depth is 20-40 cm, balancing for 2-3 weeks, and then planting plants;
the method b comprises the following specific steps:
1) addition of iron tailings
Uniformly scattering the iron tailings on the surface of the saline-alkali soil according to the dosage of 4000-4500 g per square meter, then turning over till the depth is 20-40 cm, and balancing for 1-2 weeks;
2) salt washing
The saline-alkali soil is soaked and washed by using irrigation water for 3 days for 2-3 times;
3) applying organic fertilizer
Adding the organic fertilizer into the saline-alkali soil according to the using amount of 1200-1500 g per square meter;
4) drench application microbial liquid
The concentration is 1 to 9 x 107Spraying 1800 mL-2000 mL of the CFU/mL Azospirillum brasilense bacterial liquid into the saline-alkali soil according to the amount of spraying 1800 mL-2000 mL per square meter, ploughing a soil layer with the depth of 5-8cm, fully and uniformly mixing the microorganisms, the organic matters and the saline-alkali soil added with the iron tailings, and carrying out plant planting after balancing for 1.5-2 weeks.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112048310A (en) * | 2020-09-30 | 2020-12-08 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Chloride-soda saline-alkali soil modifier and modification method |
| CN112514577A (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2021-03-19 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving tailing sandy soil by using waste rocks and microbial agent |
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Application publication date: 20200508 |