CN112586294A - Method for planting green rice by using iron tailings to improve medium-loamy alkaline earth - Google Patents
Method for planting green rice by using iron tailings to improve medium-loamy alkaline earth Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention aims to solve the problems of difficulty and slow improvement process of alkaline earth, provides a method for improving medium-soil alkaline earth by using iron tailings to plant green rice, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement. The method comprises the following steps: 1) early preparation, 2) application amount of an iron tailing modifier, 3) an improvement method, 4) application of a base fertilizer according to NY/T496 requirements, and then transplanting rice seedlings; 5) and (5) field management. Aiming at the characteristics of medium-soil alkaline earth, the invention takes the physical clay content of soil and the degree of alkalization of the soil as basic monitoring indexes, improves the medium-soil alkaline earth by adopting iron tailings, establishes the application amount of the iron tailings which is suitable for the texture of light-soil salinized soil and a matched engineering, iron tailing quality requirement and management measure technical system by taking GB 15618 and the Ministry of agriculture NY 1110-2010 of the people's republic of China as control standards, and is used for guiding the medium-soil alkaline earth improved by the iron tailings to produce green rice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, and particularly relates to a method for improving medium-soil alkaline earth into light-soil saline-alkali soil by using iron tailings to plant green rice.
Background
Saline-alkali soil is a general term for saline soil and alkaline earth formed after easily soluble salt in soil or underground water is accumulated on the surface layer of the soil and various salinized and alkalized soils.
At present, the measures for treating saline-alkali soil can be roughly divided into engineering improvement, chemical improvement, biological improvement and the like. Related patents include a chemical improvement method of CN107841313A saline-alkali soil, an organic conditioner for improving CN107955622A saline-alkali soil and a method for improving the saline-alkali soil by the conditioner, a soil air permeability improvement synergist containing CN102936503A iron tailings and a preparation method of the soil air permeability improvement synergist, a CN103922846A saline-alkali soil improvement method, a CN102775250A saline-alkali soil fertilizer, a CN106146198A saline-alkali resistant organic fertilizer, a CN102517030A saline-alkali soil conditioner, a CN102936502A saline-alkali return preventing agent prepared by the iron tailings and an application of the saline-alkali soil preventing agent in the saline-alkali soil, a CN104871678A saline-alkali soil improvement method, a CN106220415A functional water-soluble fertilizer for improving the saline-alkali soil and an application of the CN101624523A saline-alkali soil conditioner, a CN102898237A powdery saline-alkali soil water retention slow-release fertilizer, a CN106278522A saline-alkali soil conditioner and the.
However, in the prior art, saline soil and alkaline soil are generally improved, but the research on improving saline soil and alkaline soil with too high saline-alkaline content is relatively less, and especially, the research on improving the texture of saline soil and alkaline soil, rapidly washing salt and reducing alkali, improving the crop yield and the like is less.
The iron tailings are solid wastes generated in the production process of mine enterprises, and the discharge amount is huge. At present, no effective resource utilization mode exists. The iron tailings contain a large amount of prismatic particles, have good water permeability and air permeability, and can completely replace river sand or sandy soil (soil) and the like to be used as an improvement material of saline-alkali soil. Moreover, after the iron tailings are added, a large amount of capillary pores can be reserved by utilizing the irregular edge block structure of the iron tailings, a large amount of non-capillary pores and large cracks can also be constructed, the permeability is improved, the drainage and salt washing are facilitated, the rising of capillary water can be prevented, the salt accumulation is reduced, the soil salinity can be effectively reduced, the improvement effect is more obvious compared with naturally weathered river sand or sandy soil (soil), and the lasting improvement of saline-alkali soil and the stability of soil texture can be realized. Meanwhile, the iron tailings are fine-grained substances obtained by grinding and sorting iron ores, the grain sizes of the fine-grained substances are mainly concentrated below 100 mu m, the physical and chemical properties and trace elements of the iron tailings in different producing areas are detected, and test results show that the iron tailings contain elements necessary for plant growth, such as silicon, iron, calcium, sulfur, phosphorus, manganese and the like, abundant silicon in the iron tailings is continuously dissolved out under the corrosion of alkaline environment of saline-alkali soil, and the silicon element serving as a fourth major nutrient element can effectively supplement the nutritional requirements of crops on the silicon. Meanwhile, the iron tailings contain rich iron elements and serve as mineral nutrient sources, so that the iron tailings can supplement the nutrient requirements of crops on iron, can serve as a soil cementing agent, and can be cemented with organic substances in soil and soil clay minerals to form soil aggregates, so that the soil structure is effectively improved, and the water permeability and the air permeability are enhanced. Meanwhile, in recent researches in China, the iron tailings are adopted to improve the saline-alkali soil to achieve an obvious effect on rice production.
However, for alkaline earth reaching the alkaline earth standard (the alkalization degree is more than 45%), common plants are difficult to survive, and the existing method for improving the saline-alkali soil by using the iron tailings has not good enough effect on improving the alkaline earth.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of difficulty in improving alkaline earth and slow improvement process, and provides a method for planting green rice by utilizing iron tailings to improve medium-soil alkaline earth (according to the classification standard of soil texture and land quality of Kaqingsi soil (Wukening, Zhaorui, classification of soil texture and application discussion in China, soil science and newspaper, 2019(56), 227 plus 238), and for alkaline soil or strongly alkaline soil, when the content of physical sticky particles in the soil is 20-30%, the soil is called medium-soil). Aiming at the characteristics of medium-soil alkaline earth, the invention takes the physical clay content of soil and the degree of alkalization of the soil as basic monitoring indexes, improves the medium-soil alkaline earth by using iron tailings, and establishes the application amount of the iron tailings, the matched engineering, the quality requirement of the iron tailings and the management measure technical system of the iron tailings, which are suitable for the texture of the light-soil alkaline earth, by taking the management and control standard (trial) of soil pollution risk of soil environment quality agricultural land (GB 15618) and the limited requirement of water-soluble fertilizers of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium (the Ministry of agriculture of the people's republic of China NY 1110 and 2010) as control standards so as to guide the improvement of the medium-soil alkaline earth by using the iron tailings to produce green rice.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for planting green rice by utilizing the iron tailings to improve the medium-loamy alkaline earth comprises the following steps:
1) early preparation
Sampling the alkaline earth to be improved according to NY/T1121.1 and NY/T1121.3, measuring the mechanical composition of soil, and determining the content of physical clay grains (D is less than 0.01mm) and physical sand grains (D is more than or equal to 0.01mm) in the soil; measuring the volume weight of the soil according to an NY/T1121.4 method;
2) application amount of iron tailings
Adding iron tailings with the particle size of 0.01-0.1 mm into a medium-soil alkaline soil plough layer (0-20cm) to be improved, so that the mass content of physical sticky particles in the mixed soil is 15-20%;
3) improvement method
Uniformly applying the iron tailings to the surface of the soil to be improved in autumn or spring according to the addition amount of the step 2), applying an organic fertilizer according to the requirement of NY/T496 (standard rule for reasonable use of fertilizers), and then carrying out rotary tillage by adopting a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the plough layer alkaline earth; then, before transplanting rice seedlings in spring, a bulldozer or a laser grader is used for leveling the land, and the land leveling precision reaches +/-2 cm; after land leveling, irrigating water, washing salt and reducing alkali, continuously washing salt for multiple times until the alkalization degree of the plough layer soil is reduced to below 30%;
4) applying a base fertilizer according to NY/T496 and then transplanting rice seedlings;
5) management of field
Irrigating at a proper time during the growth period of the rice, topdressing according to NY/T496 requirements, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds, and monitoring the soil environment quality at regular intervals to ensure that the soil quality meets the GB 15618 requirement.
Further, the method for planting green rice by utilizing the iron tailings to improve the loamy alkaline earth is characterized in that silicon dioxide (SiO) in the iron tailings2) The content is more than 75 percent, and the iron tail isThe content of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the ore meets the related limit requirements of the Ministry of agriculture NY 1110-.
Further, in the method for planting green rice by using the alkaline earth in the improved medium soil of the iron tailings, in the step 3), the salt content in the organic fertilizer is lower than 6.0g/kg (dry manure).
Further, according to the method for planting green rice by using the iron tailings to improve the medium-soil alkaline earth, in the step 3), after rotary tillage in autumn, irrigation and soaking are carried out for several days, salt pressing and alkali pressing are carried out, and the depth of a water layer is controlled to be 8-12 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention has simple process, easy implementation, no pollution, wide raw material source, low price and low production cost.
2. The iron tailings can be used for improving the medium alkaline earth, the improvement effect is obvious, and the produced rice has excellent quality and meets the standard of Green food rice (NY/T419-2014).
The main improvement effects of the process and the method are as follows:
(1) the iron tailings contain a large amount of prismatic particles, and the irregular prismatic structure of the iron tailings can be used for not only reserving a large amount of capillary pores, but also constructing a large amount of non-capillary pores and large cracks, thereby improving the permeability and being beneficial to salt washing and alkali reduction.
(2) The safety of improved materials and production processes is ensured by taking ' soil pollution risk management and control standard (trial) for soil environmental quality agricultural land (GB 15618) ' limit requirements for water-soluble fertilizers mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium ' (NY 1110-2010) as control standards.
(3) The method is characterized in that the physical clay content of soil and the degree of alkalization of the soil are used as basic monitoring indexes, alkaline earth is improved by adopting iron tailings, the application amount of the iron tailings which is suitable for the texture of light-loam alkalized soil and the matched engineering, fertilization and iron tailing quality requirements and management measure technical systems are established by using soil pollution risk control standards (trial) for agricultural land of soil environmental quality (GB 15618) and limit requirements for water-soluble fertilizers of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium (NY 1110-plus 2010) as control standards, and the green rice is produced by using the loam alkaline earth in the improvement of the iron tailings.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Taking iron tailings of Anemata excelsa group mining industry Limited, and sieving to obtain a part with the particle size of 0.01-0.1 mm. Silicon dioxide (SiO) in iron tailings2) The content is 77.5%, and the content of mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and chromium (Cr) in the iron tailings is shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 determination of heavy metal content in iron tailings (mg/kg)
| Index (I) | Hg | As | Cd | Pb | Cr |
| Iron tailings | 0.08 | 1.15 | 0.48 | 2.45 | 2.89 |
Taking loamy alkaline earth in the Jilin area as an improvement object, sampling the alkaline earth to be improved according to NY/T1121.1 and NY/T1121.16, analyzing the salt content of the soil, measuring the mechanical composition of the soil according to NYT1121.3, and determining the content of physical sticky grains (D is less than 0.01mm) and physical sand grains (D is more than or equal to 0.01mm) in the soil; measuring the volume weight of the soil according to NY/T1121.4; calculating the alkalization degree of the soil according to LY/T1249; and detecting the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium. The physical and chemical analysis indexes are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 results of physicochemical analyses of alkaline earth samples
965t/hm of iron tailings applied to soil to be improved in spring2Cow dung 45t/hm2Rotary tillage is carried out by adopting a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage is fully and uniformly mixed with plough layer alkaline earth, then a laser grader is adopted to level the land, and the land leveling precision reaches +/-2 cm; and then irrigating water to wash salt and discharge alkali, wherein the depth of a water layer is 10cm, draining water after soaking for 2 days, continuously washing salt and discharging alkali for 5 times, and determining the degree of alkalization of the soil to be 29.6 percent. Then fertilizing, transplanting and field management are carried out. The total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) applied is controlled to be 750kg/hm during the production period2(40% of base fertilizer, 40% of tillering period and 20% of spike fertilizer) and 350kg/hm of calcium superphosphate2(the base fertilizer is applied once) and the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is 450kg/hm2(50% of base fertilizer and 50% of spike fertilizer). Irrigating and topdressing at proper time during the growth period of crops, preventing and treating diseases, insects and weeds, and regularly monitoring the soil environment quality to ensure that the soil quality meets the GB 15618 requirement. Control 1 plots were made without the addition of iron tailings and the remaining steps were the same as in example 1. After harvesting rice in autumn, the degree of alkalization of soil in the plough layer of the plots, the total salt content, the rice yield, the physical sticky grains and the rice quality of the plots after improvement in example 1 and control 1 were measured.
The specific implementation results are shown in tables 3 and 4.
TABLE 3 soil test index and Rice yield after improvement
TABLE 4 Rice quality test results
From the above results, it can be seen that after the rice is planted by the above method, the pH and the salt content of the soil are both obviously reduced, the texture type of the soil is changed from medium soil to light soil (according to the classification standard of the soil texture of Kaqing Si Ke Ning, Zhaorui, classification of the soil texture and application discussion in China, soil science, 2019(56), 227 + 238), for alkaline soil or strongly alkaline soil, when the content of physical sticky particles in the soil is 15-20%, the soil is called as light soil), the soil is converted from alkaline earth to alkaline soil, the yield of the rice is obviously increased, and the produced rice conforms to the standard of Green food Rice (NY/T419 + 2014).
Example 2
The same procedure as in example 1 was used to select iron tailings. Taking loamy alkaline earth in the Jilin area as an improvement object, sampling the alkaline earth to be improved according to NY/T1121.1 and NY/T1121.16, analyzing the salt content of the soil, measuring the mechanical composition of the soil according to NYT1121.3, and determining the content of physical sticky grains (D is less than 0.01mm) and physical sand grains (D is more than or equal to 0.01mm) in the soil; measuring the volume weight of the soil according to NY/T1121.4; calculating the alkalization degree of the soil according to LY/T1249; and detecting the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium. The physical and chemical analysis indexes are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5 results of physicochemical analyses of alkaline earths tested
Iron tailings 890t/hm are applied to soil to be improved in spring2Cow dung 45t/hm2Rotary tillage is carried out by rotary cultivator to mix it with the alkaline earth of plough layer, and then excitation is carried outLeveling the land by a leveler, wherein the land surface leveling precision reaches +/-2 cm; and then irrigating water to wash salt and discharge alkali, wherein the depth of a water layer is 10cm, draining water after soaking for 2 days, continuously washing salt and discharging alkali for 4 times, and measuring the alkalization degree of the soil to be 28.3 percent. Then fertilizing, transplanting and field management are carried out. The total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) applied is controlled to be 750kg/hm during the production period2(40% of base fertilizer, 40% of tillering period and 20% of spike fertilizer) and 350kg/hm of calcium superphosphate2(the base fertilizer is applied once) and the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is 450kg/hm2(50% of base fertilizer and 50% of spike fertilizer). Irrigating and topdressing at proper time during the growth period of crops, preventing and treating diseases, insects and weeds, and regularly monitoring the soil environment quality to ensure that the soil quality meets the GB 15618 requirement. Control 2 plots were made without the addition of iron tailings and the remaining steps were the same as in example 2. After harvesting rice in autumn, the degree of alkalization of soil in the plough layer of the plots, the total salt content, the rice yield, the physical sticky grains and the rice quality of the plots after improvement in example 2 and control 2 were measured.
The results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 soil test index and Rice yield after improvement
TABLE 7 Rice quality test results
From the results, the soil pH and the salt content are obviously reduced after the rice is planted by the method, the soil texture type is changed from medium loam to light loam, the soil is changed from alkaline earth to alkaline soil, the rice yield is obviously increased, and the produced rice meets the standards of 'Green food Rice' (NY/T419-2014).
Example 3
The same procedure as in example 1 was used to select iron tailings. Taking loamy alkaline earth in the Jilin area as an improvement object, sampling the alkaline earth to be improved according to NY/T1121.1 and NY/T1121.16, analyzing the salt content of the soil, measuring the mechanical composition of the soil according to NYT1121.3, and determining the content of physical sticky grains (D is less than 0.01mm) and physical sand grains (D is more than or equal to 0.01mm) in the soil; measuring the volume weight of the soil according to NY/T1121.4; calculating the alkalization degree of the soil according to LY/T1249; and detecting the contents of organic matters, nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium. The physical and chemical analysis indexes are shown in Table 8.
TABLE 8 results of physicochemical analyses of alkaline earth samples
1120t/hm of iron tailings are applied to soil to be improved in spring2Cow dung 45t/hm2Rotary tillage is carried out by adopting a rotary cultivator, the rotary tillage is fully and uniformly mixed with plough layer alkaline earth, then a laser grader is adopted to level the land, and the land leveling precision reaches +/-2 cm; and then irrigating water to wash salt and discharge alkali, wherein the depth of a water layer is 10cm, draining water after soaking for 2 days, continuously washing salt and discharging alkali for 6 times, and determining the degree of alkalization of the soil to be 29.5 percent. Then fertilizing, transplanting and field management are carried out. The total amount of nitrogenous fertilizer (ammonium sulfate) applied is controlled to be 750kg/hm during the production period2(40% of base fertilizer, 40% of tillering period and 20% of spike fertilizer) and 350kg/hm of calcium superphosphate2(the base fertilizer is applied once) and the potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) is 450kg/hm2(50% of base fertilizer and 50% of spike fertilizer). Irrigating and topdressing at proper time during the growth period of crops, preventing and treating diseases, insects and weeds, and regularly monitoring the soil environment quality to ensure that the soil quality meets the GB 15618 requirement. Control 3 plots were made without the addition of iron tailings and the remaining steps were the same as in example 1. After harvesting rice in autumn, the degree of alkalization of soil in the plough layer of the plots, the total salt content, the rice yield, the physical sticky grains and the rice quality of the plots after improvement in example 3 and control 3 were measured.
The results are shown in tables 9 and 10.
TABLE 9 soil test indexes after improvement and Rice yields
TABLE 10 detection results of rice quality
From the results, the soil pH and the salt content are obviously reduced after the rice is planted by the method, the soil texture type is changed from medium loam to light loam, the soil is changed from alkaline earth to alkaline soil, the rice yield is obviously increased, and the produced rice meets the standards of 'Green food Rice' (NY/T419-2014).
Claims (5)
1. A method for planting green rice by utilizing iron tailings to improve medium-loamy alkaline earth is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) early preparation
Sampling the alkaline earth to be improved according to an NYT1121.3 method, measuring the mechanical composition of soil, and determining the content of physical clay grains and physical sand grains in the soil; measuring the volume weight of the soil according to an NY/T1121.4 method;
2) application amount of iron tailings
Adding iron tailings with the particle size of 0.01-0.1 mm into a medium-soil alkaline soil plough layer to be improved, so that the mass content of physical sticky particles in the mixed soil is 15-20%;
3) improvement method
Uniformly applying the iron tailings to the surface of the soil to be improved according to the addition amount of the step 2) in autumn or spring, applying an organic fertilizer according to NY/T496 requirements, and then carrying out rotary tillage by adopting a rotary cultivator to fully and uniformly mix the iron tailings, the organic fertilizer and the plough layer alkaline earth; then, leveling the land before transplanting rice seedlings in spring, wherein the leveling precision of the field surface reaches +/-2 cm; after land leveling, irrigating water, washing salt and reducing alkali, continuously washing salt for multiple times until the alkalization degree of the plough layer soil is reduced to below 30%;
4) applying a base fertilizer according to NY/T496 and then transplanting rice seedlings;
5) management of field
Irrigating at a proper time during the growth period of the rice, topdressing according to NY/T496 requirements, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds, and monitoring the soil environment quality at regular intervals to ensure that the soil quality meets the GB 15618 requirement.
2. The method for planting green rice by utilizing the iron tailings to improve the loamy alkaline earth, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the content of silicon dioxide in the iron tailings is more than 75%, the content of mercury, arsenic, cadmium, lead and chromium in the iron tailings meets the requirement of the Ministry of agriculture, NY 1110, of the people's republic of China, and the content of cadmium and mercury in the iron tailings meets the requirement of the GB 15618 standard.
3. The method for planting green rice by utilizing iron tailings to improve the loamy alkaline earth, as claimed in claim 1, wherein the salt content in the organic fertilizer in the step 3) is lower than 6.0g/kg of dry manure.
4. The method for growing green rice using iron tailings to improve the content of loamy alkaline earth as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), a bulldozer or a laser grader is used for leveling the soil.
5. The method for planting green rice by utilizing iron tailings to improve medium-soil alkaline earth, as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), salt pressing and alkali pressing are carried out for several days after autumn rotary tillage and irrigation of the field, and the depth of the water layer is controlled to be 8-12 cm.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113348804A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-09-07 | 中环循环境技术有限责任公司 | Method for passivation treatment of heavy metal pollution of farmland and reconstruction of soil nutrient health |
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| CN107969184A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | The modification method and modifying agent of a kind of saline-alkali soil |
| CN111057556A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-24 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Coastal saline-alkali soil improvement agent and improvement method |
| CN111117638A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali soil modifier and modification method |
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2020
- 2020-12-11 CN CN202011436855.0A patent/CN112586294A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107969184A (en) * | 2017-11-22 | 2018-05-01 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | The modification method and modifying agent of a kind of saline-alkali soil |
| CN111057556A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-04-24 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Coastal saline-alkali soil improvement agent and improvement method |
| CN111117638A (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2020-05-08 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Soda saline-alkali soil modifier and modification method |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113348804A (en) * | 2021-05-07 | 2021-09-07 | 中环循环境技术有限责任公司 | Method for passivation treatment of heavy metal pollution of farmland and reconstruction of soil nutrient health |
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