CN108076715A - A kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
A kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN108076715A CN108076715A CN201711169121.9A CN201711169121A CN108076715A CN 108076715 A CN108076715 A CN 108076715A CN 201711169121 A CN201711169121 A CN 201711169121A CN 108076715 A CN108076715 A CN 108076715A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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Abstract
The purpose of the present invention is to solve it is less to the Upgrading of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil in the prior art the problem of, provide a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil, belong to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil technical field.The present invention carries out quality improvement based on iron tailings sand to powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil, adjust the quality composition of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil and the ratio of capillary pore, noncapilarry porosity and big crack, and pass through and add the compatibility that organic acid, decomposed sludge or decomposed biogas residue improve iron tailings sand and natural soils, it avoids or reduces during the reclamation of salinep-alkali soil and differential settlement and lamination occurs, the homogeneous soil texture of quality is formed, realizes the lasting improvement of saline-alkali soil and the stability of the soil texture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to reclamation of salinep-alkali soil technical field, more particularly to a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil.
Background technology
Saline-alkali soil is solonchak and alkaline earth and the general name of various salinization and alkali soil.Saline-alkali soil since salt concentration is larger or
PH higher, physicochemical character is poor, often as salinity is excessively high plant cell can be caused to lose to being had adverse effect in agricultural production
Water generates " physiological drought " or that basicity is excessive is hardened when causing to disperse when the soil body is wet, is dry, and generates murder by poisoning to plant cell.
At present, the measure for administering salt-soda soil is broadly divided into engineering water conservancy, chemical modifying, biological modification etc..
The emphasis moisture and salt regime in order to control of engineering water conservancy improvement, passes through the rational engineering measure desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, salt discharge.It is associated
Patent there is 105165167 A method for desalting salinized soil of CN, CN 204810883U salt discharge alkali pipe, 1759943 A one kind of CN to control
The method in reason transformation salt-soda soil, CN 103621209A administer the method in improvement salt-soda soil, CN101347790A improves saline and alkaline place
Method, 104054425 A alkaline land improvings systems of CN and modification method, CN 102349371A Saline-Sodics paddy field quick desalination alkali
Plough method of soil preparation, CN 105165167A method for desalting salinized soil, CN 202587801U salt-soda soils salt discharge alkali pipe, CN CN
105393666 A saline and alkali land improvement methods, 102550159A salt-soda soils suppression control salt method and salt-soda soil suppression control salt system etc..Engineering
Water conservancy improved effect is apparent, and improves ratio more thoroughly, but investment is larger, and improvement cost is excessively high.Be generally used for water source of fresh water it is sufficient,
The perfect area of the water conservancy projects such as irrigation and drainage, it is then uncomfortable for the obstructed varieties in saline-alkali areas of drought, water resources shortage, draining
With.
Chemical modifying mainly carries out the raising soil such as acid-base neutralization, ion exchange or improvement soil texture by applying modifying agent
Earth retain water and nutrients ability and the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, desalting effect.Related patents have 103922846 A saline and alkali land improvement methods of CN, CN
A kind of salt-soda soil fertilizers of 102775250 A, 102936503 A of CN contain the Soil ventilation improvement synergist and its system of iron tailings
A kind of anti-accumulation of salt in the surface soil prepared using iron tailings of a kind of saline-alkali soil conditioner of Preparation Method, CN101624523A, CN 102936502A
Alkaline agent and its application in salt-soda soil, a kind of methods for improveing salt-soda soil of 104871678 A of CN, 106220415 A mono- of CN
Kind is used for the functional water-soluble fertilizer and its application, 106146198 A salt resistance alkali organic fertilizer of CN, CN of salt affected soil improvement
102517030 A alkaline land modifying agents, a kind of saline alkali soil conditioners of 106278522 A of CN etc..Chemical modifying has stronger
Specific aim, to reduce based on pH as alkali-affected soil, salty soils is generally to strengthen based on desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge, to soil texture shadow
Sound is smaller.
Biological modification measure is lived i.e. to introduce biology or microorganism on salt-soda soil using the life of biological (microorganism)
Dynamic and product (cell secreta) increases the soil organism, reduces the soil weight, improves desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching salt discharge effect, realizes saline-alkali soil
Improvement.Related patents have 104531721 A Suaeda salsas saline-resisting and alkaline-resisting genes of CN and its application, 105165167 A salt-soda soils of CN
Desalination process etc..But the biological modification method cycle is longer, slowly effect, and has higher requirement to biological species.
In saline-alkali soil, quality group directly affects soil salinization degree, although modification method mentioned above is in certain journey
The physicochemical property of soil can be changed on degree or in one period, but the influence to the soil texture is smaller, is for texture type
In the saline-alkali soil of powder loamy texture, powder (particle size range be 0.002mm≤powder ＜ 0.05mm) too high levels, cause sand grains, powder,
Clay ratio is unreasonable so that and a large amount of capillary pores are formed in the soil body, are conducive to the migration of water salt, often result in the accumulation of salinity,
It is unfavorable for agricultural production.Therefore, it is necessary to the improvement of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil is made further research.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve it is less to the Upgrading of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil in the prior art the problem of, carry
A kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil is supplied.The present invention carries out quality to powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil based on iron tailings sand and changes
It is good, the quality composition of adjustment powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil and the ratio of capillary pore, noncapilarry porosity and big crack, and pass through addition
Organic acid, decomposed sludge or decomposed biogas residue improve the compatibility of iron tailings sand and natural soils, avoid or reduce in saline and alkaline land reform
Occur differential settlement and lamination during good, form the homogeneous soil texture of quality, realize the lasting improvement of saline-alkali soil
With the stability of the soil texture.
The technical scheme is that a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil, includes the following steps：
1) treat improvement powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil and carry out the analysis of soil mechanical component, determine to determine sand in the soil texture in the soil texture
Grain (particle size range is 0.05mm≤sand grains ＜ 2mm), powder (particle size range is 0.002mm≤powder ＜ 0.05mm) and clay
The specific mass percentage of (particle size range be ＜ 0.002mm), it is respectively x, y and z to set its mass percentage, and x+
Y+z=1, while the soil weight is measured, it is set to A, unit：g/cm3；
2) iron tailings that particle size range is 0.05mm≤iron tailings sand ＜ 2mm is added into powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved
Sand controls its additive amount to meet the following conditions, additive amount unit simultaneously：t/bm2：
3333HA (1-4x)≤iron tailings sand additive amount≤10000HA (1-2x) (1)
10000HA (2y-1)≤iron tailings sand additive amount≤10000HA (3.33y-1) (2)
Wherein, H is the depth of soil of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved, unit：m；
Iron tailings sand is uniformly mixed with powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved, you can the soil plough horizon after improvement carries out conventional
Plantation operation.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the iron tailings sand are the iron tailings sand of improvement.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the preparation method of the iron tailings sand of the improvement are：Take the iron tailings
Sand is stirred evenly with organic acid, is adjusted the pH to 6.0~6.5 of iron tailings sand, is obtained modified iron tailings sand.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the organic acid include hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride and polyacrylic acid；
The specification of the hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride is molecular weight 400~800, and solid content 48~50%, 1% aqueous solution pH is
2~3；The specification of the polyacrylic acid is molecular weight 2000~5000, and solid content 30%, 1% pH value of water solution is 3.0.
Further, in the step 2), iron tailings sand is mixed with silty saline-alkali soil to be improved for above-mentioned modification method
After uniformly, decomposed biogas residue or decomposed sludge that quality is iron tailings chiltern amount 5~10% are added, is uniformly mixed, standing 20~
40 days, you can the soil plough horizon after improvement carries out conventional plantation operation.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the decomposed biogas residue be by total carbon-nitrogen ratio be 25~35: 1 biogas residue with
Stalk mixture passes through the product of aerobic static composting fermentation, and the water content of product is 25~30%, pH is 8.5 ± 0.5；
The biogas residue is the residue that methane-generating pit is obtained using the rich nitrogen raw material such as cow dung, chicken manure as raw material after anaerobic fermentation；
The stalk includes maize straw, wheat or rice straw, grain size≤30mm.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the decomposed sludge are the sludge and straw that total carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35: 1
Stalk passes through the product of compost fermentation, pH7.8~9 of product, water content 25~30%；
The sludge be sewage treatment plants dewatered sludge, water content 80% ± 5, pH 8.5 ± 0.5；
The stalk includes maize straw, wheat or rice straw, grain size≤30mm.
Further, above-mentioned modification method, the heavy metal component of the iron tailings sand meet Ministry of Agriculture's a great number of elements fertilizer
Toxic element limit standard.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are：
1. present invention process is simple, easy to implement, pollution-free, raw material sources are extensive, cheap, and production cost is low.
2. pair powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil has apparent improved effect.In saline-alkali soil, powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil is a kind of important
Texture type, saliferous main cause are soil structures medium silt too high levels, form a large amount of capillary pores, cause water salt
Migration is rapid, and the accumulation of salt in the surface soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil is serious.Iron tailings sand is the thicker part of the grade that precipitates during hydraulic classiciation, in quality
In composition based on sand grains, iron tailings particle is block in irregular rib, can preferably build noncapilarry porosity and big crack.
Change the ratio of sand, powder, clay in powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil soil with iron tailings sand, rationally adjust quality composition, powder loamy texture is saline and alkaline
Land reform causes loam, breaks a large amount of hollow billet gaps formed in the saline and alkaline soil structure of powder loamy texture, increases noncapilarry porosity and big crack
Composition, both improve permeability, beneficial to Drainage of salt, and capillary can be hindered to rise, reduce salt accumulation, realize saline-alkali soil
Improvement；But since iron tailings proportion is larger, specific surface area is relatively small and carries negative electrical charge, it is difficult to it is compound with saline-alkali soil, it will not
It after the iron tailings of any processing is directly applied in saline-alkali soil, is separated quickly with saline-alkali soil, apparent differential settlement has occurred
And lamination, form " upper viscous lower sand " structure.In order to solve this problem, the present invention is with organic acid, decomposed sludge or decomposed natural pond
Slag is modified iron tailings, improves the compatibility of iron tailings sand and natural soils, can effectively improve with saline-alkali soil it is compound into
Journey slows down the differential settlement and lamination of iron tailings sand, it is ensured that the homogeneity and stability of the soil texture.
3. reduce the cost of improvement saline-alkali soil.Since iron tailings sand is iron ore mine production discarded object, improvement is using iron tail
Ore in sand form realizes and it is recycled, and reduce improvement cost.
Specific embodiment
Below by way of specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Following Anshan type iron tailings is 0.005~2mm from the grain size from Anshan mining company Tailings Dam, iron tailings sand,
In its chemical constituent, SiO2The harmful components such as content 76.1%, total iron content 11.31%, heavy metal are extremely low, and it is big to meet the Ministry of Agriculture
The toxic element limit standard of secondary element fertilizer, particle size range are 0.05mm≤iron tailings sand ＜ 2mm.
Embodiment 1
Topsoil soils (0~20cm) are taken in powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil region to be improved, post analysis mechanical composition is air-dried and (is shown in Table
1), soil weight 1.31g/cm3。
1 powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil mechanical composition of table
| Grain size grading | ＜ 0.002mm | 0.002≤~＜ 0.05mm | 0.05≤~＜ 2mm |
| Content (%) | 18.2 | 54.6 | 27.2 |
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot after smooth, calculates, to topsoil (depth 20cm) according to formula (1), (2)
800kg iron tailings sand is added in soil, is stirred evenly, while control 1 (30m of plot is set2, it is not added with iron tailings) and comparatively
2 (30m of block2, 200kg iron tailings sand is added in, the soil texture is still silty loam matter saline-alkali soil) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is jade
Rice, it is specific to plant operation and the same crop field of management.
Improved results are shown in Table 2 and table 3.
Soil mechanical composition after table 2, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 3, plantation
Embodiment 2
Topsoil soils (0~20cm) are taken in powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil region to be improved, air-dry post analysis mechanical composition such as table 1,
The soil weight is 1.31g/cm3。
By the water that iron tailings sand and specification are molecular weight 400~800, solid content 48~50%, 1% aqueous solution pH are 2~3
Polymaleic anhydride mixing is solved, is stirred evenly, the pH to 6.0 of iron tailings sand is adjusted, obtains modified iron tailings sand.
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot after smooth, calculate according to formula (1), (2), is added into topsoil soils
Then 800kg is stirred evenly with topsoil soils (20cm depth) by modified iron tailings sand, while is set control plot 1
(30m2, original-state soil), control 2 (30m of plot2, add iron tailings sand and be not added with organic acid) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is jade
Rice, other plantation operations and the same crop field of management.
Improved results are shown in Table 4 and table 5.
Soil mechanical composition after table 4, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 5, plantation
Embodiment 3
The water content 80% ± 5 of sewage treatment plants, the dewatered sludge of pH 8.5 ± 0.5 is taken to be mixed with corn stalk powder
Uniformly, and total carbon-nitrogen ratio is controlled as 25~35：1, it is the decomposed sludge that 25.7%, pH is 8.3 that moisture content is obtained after compost.
Topsoil soils (0~20cm) are taken in powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil region to be improved, air-dry post analysis mechanical composition such as table 1,
The soil weight is 1.31g/cm3。
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot after smooth, calculate according to formula (1), (2), 800kg is added into soil
Iron tailings sand, stirs evenly with topsoil soils, then adds the decomposed sludge of 60kg, equal with topsoil soils (depth 20cm) stirring
It is even, one month is stood, control 1 (30m of plot is set2, original-state soil), according to 2 (30m of plot2, add decomposed sludge but be not added with iron
CHARACTERISTICS OF TAILINGS SAND), control 3 (30m of plot2, iron tailings sand is added, is not added with decomposed sludge) and farming is carried out, long-term cropping is corn,
He plants operation and the same crop field of management.
Improved results are shown in Table 6 and table 7.
Soil mechanical composition after table 6, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 7, plantation
Embodiment 4
The biogas residue that methane-generating pit is obtained using cow dung as raw material after anaerobic fermentation is mixed with stalk using C/N as 25~35: 1,
It ferments by aerobic static composting, it is the decomposed biogas residue that 27.3%, pH is 8.5 to obtain water content.
Topsoil soils (0~20cm) are taken in powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil region to be improved, air-dry post analysis mechanical composition such as table 1,
The soil weight is 1.31g/cm3。
30m is chosen in region to be improved2Plot after smooth, calculate according to formula (1), (2), 800kg is added into soil
Iron tailings sand after screening, stirs evenly with topsoil soils (depth 20cm), the decomposed biogas residues of 60kg is then added, with composite soil
Earth stirs evenly, and stands one month, sets control 1 (30m of plot2, original-state soil), control 2 (30m of plot2, add decomposed biogas residue
But be not added with iron tailings sand), control 3 (30m of plot2, add iron tailings sand but be not added with decomposed biogas residue) and farming is carried out, plantation is made
Object is corn, other plantation operations and the same crop field of management.
Improved results are shown in Table 8 and table 9.
Soil mechanical composition after table 8, improvement
Soil physico-chemical property and yield after table 9, plantation
Claims (9)
1. a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
1) treat improvement powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil and carry out the analysis of soil mechanical component, determine the tool of soil texture sand grains, powder and clay
Its mass percentage is set to x, y and z, and x+y+z=1, while measures the soil weight by weight percentage composition,
It is set to A, unit：g/cm3；
2) the iron tailings sand that particle size range is 0.05mm≤iron tailings sand ＜ 2mm, control are added into powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved
It makes its additive amount and meets the following conditions, additive amount unit simultaneously：t/hm2：
3333HA (1-4x)≤iron tailings sand additive amount≤10000HA (1-2x) (1)
10000HA (2y-1)≤iron tailings sand additive amount≤10000HA (3.33y-1) (2)
Wherein, H is the depth of soil of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved, unit：m；
Iron tailings sand is uniformly mixed with powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil to be improved, you can carry out plantation operation in soil plough horizon.
2. the modification method of a kind of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the iron tailings sand is
The iron tailings sand of improvement.
3. a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 2),
It by iron tailings sand and treats that sieve sand sticks loamy texture saline-alkali soil after mixing, adds decomposed biogas residue or decomposed sludge, be uniformly mixed,
Conventional plantation operation can be carried out in the soil plough horizon after improvement.
A kind of 4. modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the iron tail of the improvement
The preparation method of ore in sand form is：Iron tailings sand is taken, is stirred evenly with organic acid, the pH to 6.0~6.5 of iron tailings sand is adjusted, obtains
Modified iron tailings sand.
A kind of 5. modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the organic acid bag
Include hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride and polyacrylic acid；
The specification of the hydrolysis of polymaleic anhydride is molecular weight 400~800, solid content 48~50%, 1% aqueous solution pH for 2~
3；The specification of the polyacrylic acid is molecular weight 2000~5000, and solid content 30%, 1% pH value of water solution is 3.0.
A kind of 6. modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the decomposed biogas residue
Biogas residue and the stalk for being 25~35: 1 for total carbon-nitrogen ratio pass through the product of aerobic static composting fermentation, the water content of product for 25~
30%th, pH is 8~9.
A kind of 7. modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the decomposed sludge
For the sludge that total carbon-nitrogen ratio is 25~35: 1 and the product of stalk hybrid composting fermentation, the pH of product is 7.8~9, and water content is
25~30%.
8. a kind of modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the decomposed biogas residue or
The addition of decomposed sludge is the 5~10% of the iron tailings chiltern amount.
A kind of 9. modification method of powder loamy texture saline-alkali soil according to claim 1 or 4, which is characterized in that the iron tailings
The heavy metal component of sand meets the toxic element limit standard of Ministry of Agriculture's a great number of elements fertilizer.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111587624A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving cross-grade texture of medium-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587622A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Improvement method of medium-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587625A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Improvement method of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587623A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving quality of heavy-viscosity alkalized rice soil in a cross-grade manner |
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| CN111587624A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving cross-grade texture of medium-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587622A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Improvement method of medium-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587625A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Improvement method of light-viscosity alkalized rice soil |
| CN111587623A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-08-28 | 鞍钢集团矿业有限公司 | Method for improving quality of heavy-viscosity alkalized rice soil in a cross-grade manner |
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