CN111053017A - Special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111053017A CN111053017A CN201911399668.7A CN201911399668A CN111053017A CN 111053017 A CN111053017 A CN 111053017A CN 201911399668 A CN201911399668 A CN 201911399668A CN 111053017 A CN111053017 A CN 111053017A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/23—Wood, e.g. wood chips or sawdust
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation and a preparation method thereof, and the special matrix is prepared by the following raw material formula: the volume ratio of coconut chaff, immortal soil, volcanic ash, fern root, humus and ceramsite is = 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20: 0.020-0.25: 0.15-020; or the volume ratio of the cork charcoal, the sphagna, the humus, the pine bark, the ceramsite to the pond stone is 0.20-0.25: 0.25-0.30: 0.15-0.20; or humus, namely pine bark, softwood charcoal, fern root, phycite and pond stone in a volume ratio of 0.30-0.40: 0.20-0.25: 0.15-0.20: 0.10-0.015: 0.20-0.25. The matrix of the invention fully satisfies the nutrition required by the growth of the orchid, balances the pH value of the orchid matrix, simultaneously can ensure the air permeability of the root of the orchid, is beneficial to the reproduction, rooting and survival of the orchid, and has good application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation and a preparation method thereof.
Technical Field
The orchid is known as the first ten famous flowers in China and is considered as a high-cleanness and elegant symbol by Chinese people all the time. Therefore, the ancient orchids are precious ornamental plants. In nature, orchids have different habits due to different varieties, and some orchids grow on trees, some orchids grow on rocks, and some orchids grow on grasslands or swamps. Therefore, the artificial cultivation of orchids requires the selection of a suitable cultivation medium. Most of the existing orchid matrix components are too single or simple, the nutrients are incomplete, the performance is defective, the requirement of orchid growth cannot be met, the problems of poor hydrophobic and air permeability, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, over-acid or over-alkaline pH value and the like exist, the orchid matrix is not beneficial to orchid cultivation, and particularly the orchid propagation is not beneficial. The orchid propagation is mainly plant division propagation, the newly divided plants are small in root system quantity and fragile, the requirement on a culture medium is higher, and the inventor hopes to find the medium which is most suitable for the orchid propagation and growth through multiple tests.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the orchid culture medium, the invention provides the special medium for orchid culture and propagation and the preparation method thereof, and the medium is suitable for orchid culture and propagation by reasonably matching various media, making up for deficiencies of various media and balancing the physicochemical properties of the media. The specific technical scheme is as follows:
the special matrix for cultivating and propagating orchids is prepared from the following raw materials:
coconut husk, immortal soil, volcanic ash, fern root, humus and ceramsite in a volume ratio of 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20: 0.020-0.25: 0.15-020;
or cork charcoal, sphagna, humus, pine bark, ceramsite and pond stone in a volume ratio of 0.20-0.25: 0.25-0.30: 0.15-0.20;
or humus, namely pine bark, softwood charcoal, fern root, physcion and pond stone in a volume ratio of 0.30-0.40: 0.20-0.25: 0.15-0.20: 0.10-0.015: 0.20-0.25.
The matrix special for cultivating and propagating the orchid is characterized in that the coconut coir is produced from Indian and is of a coconut coir variety with a fermentation specification of 1.22 m; selecting fern roots with thick stems, less dust and dark colors from the fern roots; the water moss requires that the length of the selected fiber is not more than 1 cm.
The special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation is characterized in that the immortal soil is granular and the size specification of the immortal soil is 0.3-3.5 cm; the specifications of the ceramsite and the pool stone are all 0.5-3 cm in diameter; the pine bark is cracked into fragments with the diameter of 0.5-2 cm.
The substrate for orchid cultivation and propagation comprises the raw components and the volume ratio of the substrate of the humus, wherein the raw components comprise rice straw, mushroom dregs, pine bark, plough layer soil and perlite are 3:3:2:1: 1.
Preferably, the crushed particle size of the rice straw is 0.2-0.5 mm; the mushroom dregs are smashed oyster mushroom waste mushroom sticks, and the smashing granularity is 0.5-0 mm.
Preferably, the texture of the topsoil is required to be light or loamy.
The preparation method of the special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation comprises the following steps:
1) preparing humus: respectively crushing the rice straws and the waste oyster mushroom sticks according to the requirements, respectively sterilizing and decomposing, and then uniformly mixing the crushed rice straws and the waste oyster mushroom sticks with pine barks and plough layer soil according to the volume ratio for later use;
2) soaking coconut coir, fern root and water moss in water respectively, and drying for later use;
3) respectively preparing 0.3-3.5 cm-sized immortal soil particles, 0.5-3 cm-sized ceramsite and pool stone, and crushing the particles into fragments with the diameter of 0.5-2 cm; preparing volcanic ash, cork charcoal and Phytolite;
4) the materials prepared in the steps 1), 2) and 3) are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio.
In the preparation method of the special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation, in the step 1), the preparation of the humus comprises the following substeps:
s1-1: decomposing rice straws: directly crushing rice straws into the size of 0.2-0.5 mm by using a crusher, adding a decomposition agent, uniformly stirring, adding water to enable the water content to be about 60-65%, packaging in a plastic bag, and decomposing at normal temperature for later use;
s1-2: preparing mushroom residues: taking the waste mushroom sticks of oyster mushrooms cultivated for more than 1 year, fermenting, drying in the sun, mashing, and then irradiating and sterilizing by gamma rays for later use;
s1-3: and (3) plough layer soil treatment: placing the soil of the field plough layer in the sun for insolation, screening out stones and grass roots, and sterilizing for later use;
s1-4: mixing: the material prepared in steps S1-1, S1-2, S1-3 was mixed with commercially available pine bark and perlite having a diameter of 0.5mm in the volume ratio described.
In a preferable technical scheme, in step S1-1, the decomposing inoculant is woobao brand decomposing inoculant, and the adding amount of the decomposing inoculant is 500:1 by volume ratio of the rice straw to the decomposing inoculant.
In a preferred embodiment, in step S1-1, the time period for the decomposition is 30 days or more.
Has the advantages that:
the invention uses decomposed straw stalk and mushroom slag to prepare orchid matrix, and adds conventional orchid matrix material, thereby fully satisfying the nutrition required by the growth of orchid; the pH value of the orchid matrix is balanced, the air permeability of the root of the orchid can be ensured, the orchid is favorable for reproduction, rooting and survival of the orchid, and the application value is good.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments.
Example 1
The embodiment is to prepare a special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation, and the matrix is prepared according to the following raw material formula: coconut husk, immortal soil, volcanic ash, fern root, humus and ceramsite in a volume ratio of 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20: 0.020-0.25: 0.15-020; the preparation method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, preparing humus, wherein the humus comprises the following components in percentage by volume: the ratio of the rice straw, the fungus residue, the pine bark, the plough layer soil and the perlite is 3:3:2:1: 1. The preparation method of the humus comprises the following steps: firstly, directly crushing rice straws into the size of 0.2-0.5 mm by using a crusher, adding a Wobo brand decomposition agent according to the volume ratio of 500:1, uniformly stirring, adding water to ensure that the water content is about 60-65%, packaging in a plastic bag, and storing for more than 30 days at normal temperature; meanwhile, taking the oyster mushroom waste mushroom sticks cultured for more than 1 year, fermenting, drying in the sun, mashing, and then irradiating and sterilizing by gamma rays; placing the soil of the field plowing layer in the sun for insolation, screening out stones and grass roots and sterilizing; mixing the three materials with commercially available pine bark and perlite with diameter of 0.5mm at a specified volume ratio.
Then, respectively soaking coconut chaff and fern roots in water for treatment; drying for later use. Wherein the coconut coir is soaked in warm water at the temperature of 25-40 ℃ for 2-3 times. Since coconut coir is an organism, if untreated coconut coir is used as a substrate, it may affect crops during cultivation, and it is preferable to select a fermented product. If a large amount of foamed coconut coir is used, hot water is not used, but the bad salt content of the coconut coir treatment is high, and the coconut coir needs to be foamed for a long time to remove the salt content. The fern root is preferably prepared from stem of Cyatheaceae plant with thick black color and less dust, and its soaking method is the same as that of coconut coir.
In addition, according to the variety of the orchid, the immortal soil particles with different specifications are selected, wherein the immortal soil particles comprise a large size with the diameter of 2-3.0 cm, a medium size with the diameter of 0.8-2.0 cm, a small size with the diameter of 0.3-0.8 cm and an extra small size with the diameter of about 0.3 cm. And preparing ceramsite and volcanic ash with the diameter of 0.5-3 cm.
And finally, respectively and uniformly mixing the materials according to the volume ratio.
Example 2
The embodiment also prepares a special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation, and the matrix is prepared according to the following raw material formula: the soft charcoal comprises sphagna, humus, pine bark, ceramsite and pond stone, and the volume ratio of the soft charcoal to the humus to the pond stone is 0.20-0.25: 0.25-0.30: 0.15-0.20.
The preparation method of humus used in this example was the same as in example 1, and all of the soft charcoal, sphagna, pine bark, haydite and pond stone used were commercially available. Wherein the water moss is selected from New Zealand water moss which has thick and long fibers, is not easy to break, has light yellow color or is white and green, and has compact texture; before use, the water soaking treatment is also needed, the method is to soak the water moss blocks in water until the water moss blocks are completely soaked, clear water is changed every day for 4-6 days, and then the water moss blocks are dried or baked. The pine bark is broken blocks with the diameter of 0.5-2 cm, the ceramsite is 1-2 cm in specification, and the pool stone is 2-3 cm in specification.
Example 3
The embodiment also prepares a special matrix for orchid cultivation and propagation, and the matrix is prepared according to the following raw material formula: the pine bark, the cork charcoal, the fern root, the physcion stone and the pond stone in a volume ratio of 0.30-0.40: 0.20-0.25: 0.15-0.20: 0.10-0.015: 0.20-0.25.
The preparation method of humus used in this example was the same as in example 1, and pine bark and fern root were the same as in example 1; the soft charcoal, the plant diamond and the pond stone are all purchased from the market. Wherein, the plant diamond is orchid cultivation material imported from Japan; the specification of the used pool stone is 0.3-3 cm.
Example 4
In this example, the influence of various substrates prepared in examples 1 to 3 on the growth of orchid is examined, and the substrates prepared in examples 1 to 3 are used to culture cymbidium goeringii with consistent size and growth for 1 month, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of various substrates on peanut growth
From the above table, it can be seen that the matrix of the present invention is very suitable for the growth of orchid roots.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification of the above embodiments according to the technical essence of the present invention are within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The special matrix for cultivating and propagating orchids is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials:
the volume ratio of coconut chaff, immortal soil, volcanic ash, fern root, humus and ceramsite is = 0.10-0.15: 0.15-0.20: 0.020-0.25: 0.15-020;
or the volume ratio of the cork charcoal, the sphagna, the humus, the pine bark, the ceramsite to the pond stone is 0.20-0.25: 0.25-0.30: 0.15-0.20;
or humus, namely pine bark, softwood charcoal, fern root, phycite and pond stone in a volume ratio of 0.30-0.40: 0.20-0.25: 0.15-0.20: 0.10-0.015: 0.20-0.25.
2. The matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the coconut coir is produced from India and is fermented to a coconut coir variety with the specification of 1.22 m; selecting fern roots with thick stems, less dust and dark colors from the fern roots; the water moss requires that the length of the selected fiber is not more than 1 cm.
3. The matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the immortal soil is granular and has the size specification of 0.3-3.5 cm; the specifications of the ceramsite and the pool stone are all 0.5-3 cm in diameter; the pine bark is cracked into fragments with the diameter of 0.5-2 cm.
4. The matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the humus matrix comprises the following raw materials in percentage by volume, wherein the raw materials comprise rice straw, mushroom dregs, pine bark and plough layer soil, and the volume ratio of perlite is =3:3:2:1: 1.
5. The matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the matrix comprises: the crushing granularity of the rice straw is 0.2-0.5 mm; the mushroom dregs are smashed oyster mushroom waste mushroom sticks, and the smashing granularity is 0.5-0 mm.
6. The matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the matrix comprises: the texture of the plough layer soil is required to be light or loamy.
7. A preparation method of the matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to the claims 1-6, characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) preparing humus: respectively crushing the rice straws and the waste oyster mushroom sticks according to the requirements, respectively sterilizing and decomposing, and then uniformly mixing the crushed rice straws and the waste oyster mushroom sticks with pine barks and plough layer soil according to the volume ratio for later use;
2) soaking coconut coir, fern root and water moss in water respectively, and drying for later use;
3) respectively preparing 0.3-3.5 cm-sized immortal soil particles, 0.5-3 cm-sized ceramsite and pool stone, and crushing the particles into fragments with the diameter of 0.5-2 cm; preparing volcanic ash, cork charcoal and Phytolite;
4) the materials prepared in the steps 1), 2) and 3) are uniformly mixed according to the volume ratio.
8. The method for preparing the matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 7, wherein the matrix comprises the following components: in the step 1), the preparation of the humus comprises the following substeps:
s1-1: decomposing rice straws: directly crushing rice straws into the size of 0.2-0.5 mm by using a crusher, adding a decomposition agent, uniformly stirring, adding water to enable the water content to be about 60-65%, packaging in a plastic bag, and decomposing at normal temperature for later use;
s1-2: preparing mushroom residues: taking the waste mushroom sticks of oyster mushrooms cultivated for more than 1 year, fermenting, drying in the sun, mashing, and then irradiating and sterilizing by gamma rays for later use;
s1-3: and (3) plough layer soil treatment: placing the soil of the field plough layer in the sun for insolation, screening out stones and grass roots, and sterilizing for later use;
s1-4: mixing: the material prepared in steps S1-1, S1-2, S1-3 was mixed with commercially available pine bark and perlite having a diameter of 0.5mm in the volume ratio described.
9. The method for preparing the matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 8, wherein the matrix comprises: in step S1-1, the decomposing inoculant is Wobo brand decomposing inoculant, and the addition amount of the decomposing inoculant is that the volume ratio of the rice straws to the decomposing inoculant is 500: 1.
10. The method for preparing the matrix special for orchid cultivation and propagation according to claim 8, wherein the matrix comprises: in step S1-1, the time for the decomposition is 30 days or more.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113079999A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-09 | 南京鑫宇农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of multi-arrow butterfly orchid |
| CN114931081A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-23 | 五指山万泉园艺有限公司 | Culture medium for tropical orchid and application method thereof |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113079999A (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2021-07-09 | 南京鑫宇农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of multi-arrow butterfly orchid |
| CN113079999B (en) * | 2021-03-16 | 2022-03-15 | 南京鑫宇农业发展有限公司 | Cultivation method of multi-arrow butterfly orchid |
| CN114931081A (en) * | 2022-06-24 | 2022-08-23 | 五指山万泉园艺有限公司 | Culture medium for tropical orchid and application method thereof |
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