CN114931081A - Culture medium for tropical orchid and application method thereof - Google Patents
Culture medium for tropical orchid and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114931081A CN114931081A CN202210721951.2A CN202210721951A CN114931081A CN 114931081 A CN114931081 A CN 114931081A CN 202210721951 A CN202210721951 A CN 202210721951A CN 114931081 A CN114931081 A CN 114931081A
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- 241000233855 Orchidaceae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 241001453636 Salvinia Species 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010420 shell particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 241001517197 Cattleya Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000732800 Cymbidium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000190074 Oncidium Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001505935 Phalaenopsis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002054 transplantation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 27
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 5
- 241001523681 Dendrobium Species 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000127818 Phalaenopsis amabilis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000736285 Sphagnum Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005415 artificial ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M brilliant green Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C=CC=CC=1)=C1C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C1 NNBFNNNWANBMTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000010198 maturation time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002078 nanoshell Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a tropical orchid culture medium and a using method thereof, wherein the medium comprises water moss, coconut shell particles and nano-scale shell powder in a volume ratio of 10:5: 1-5: 10: 1. The matrix is low in cost, can be sprayed with fertilizer water automatically by using a sprinkling irrigation system, and is higher in planting efficiency and lower in cost compared with the conventional water moss matrix. Tropical orchids planted by the medium grow robustly and faster.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of plant culture substrates, in particular to a tropical orchid culture substrate and a using method thereof.
Background
Tropical orchid is large, unique and colorful, has high ornamental value and economic value, and is a potted flower which is deeply loved by citizens. The substrate cost is a large part of the cultivation cost of the tropical orchid, and influences and determines the production cost of the tropical orchid. At present, the water moss is the most common planting substrate for tropical orchids. However, the price of the sphagna is increasing dramatically, from 1.2 ten thousand yuan/ton in 2010 to 4.8 ten thousand yuan/ton in 2022. The production cost of tropical orchid is increased sharply due to the high cost of the substrate. The cost of the medium for planting 3 inches of specification orchids in 2010 is 0.3 yuan per plant, and the cost of the medium for planting 3 inches of specification orchids in 2022 is 1.2 yuan per plant. But the market price of tropical orchids remains unchanged for 12 years, which brings great survival pressure to orchid enterprises. The artificial ingredients of tropical orchid cultivated by water moss are high, the emergence time of new roots and new buds in the early stage is relatively late, the overall growth speed of the plant is relatively slow, and the expectation that producers want to come into the market as early as possible is difficult to meet.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to reduce the cost of the matrix and the labor cost, a plurality of materials are tested in sequence, and the finding that the mixing of the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano shell powder according to a certain proportion not only greatly saves the production cost of tropical orchids, but also overcomes the defects of the water moss as the matrix, so that the orchids grow faster and bloom earlier.
The scheme of the invention comprises the following contents:
a tropical orchid culture medium comprises water moss, coconut shell particles and nano-scale shell powder in a volume ratio of 10:5: 1-5: 10: 1.
Preferably, the specification of the coconut shell particles is 10mm multiplied by 10mm to 20mm multiplied by 20 mm.
Preferably, the volume ratio of the sphagna to the coconut shell powder is 5:10: 1.
Preferably, the coconut shell particles are prepared by the following method: cutting the coconut skin, sieving and cleaning the coconut hair and the coconut chaff, then sieving and grading, and selecting particles with the size of 10mm multiplied by 10 mm-20 mm multiplied by 20mm for pretreatment.
Preferably, the pretreatment is: soaking in clear water for 24 hr, changing water, and soaking for 3 times.
Preferably, the tropical orchid is a tropical aerial orchid.
Preferably, the tropical aerial root orchid comprises dendrobium, oncidium, phalaenopsis, cymbidium, cattleya or flameray orchid.
The invention also provides a using method of the tropical orchid culture medium, which comprises the following steps: transplanting orchid seedlings into the tropical orchid cultivation medium, spraying a fertilizer every 3-7 days, spraying N, K, P mass ratio of the fertilizer to 20:0 to foliage before new roots grow out, starting to use N, K, P mass ratio of the fertilizer to 15: 8-9: 9-10 after the new roots grow out, and using N, K, P mass ratio of the fertilizer to 10: 8-9: 18-20 after transplanting for 3 months.
Preferably, N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer 20:20:20 is sprayed on the leaf surface before new roots grow out, N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer 15:9:10 is used after the new roots grow out, and N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer 10:8:18 is used after transplanting for 3 months.
Preferably, the orchid seedling is an orchid tissue culture seedling.
The invention relates to application of the tropical orchid culture medium in the aspect of cultivating tropical aerial orchid.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
by adopting the matrix, the emergence time of new roots and new buds can be respectively advanced by about 14 days and 15 days, and the emergence time of the new roots and the new buds is shortened by over 35 percent. The new substrate can lead the mature time of the bulb to be about 20 days earlier, lead the flowering time to be about 15 days earlier, shorten the mature time of the bulb by 20 percent, shorten the flowering time by 8 percent, and thus, the substrate can shorten the cultivation time of the tropical orchid.
The total cost of the matrix of the invention is 37.5 percent of the total cost of the pure water moss, and the matrix can be applied with fertilizer water by an irrigation system, and has low cost and easy management.
The substrate and the matched fertilizing and watering method thereof can effectively shorten the cultivation time of tropical orchid to promote the growth of tropical orchid on the market, and the substrate has long service life and can be continuously used for more than two years.
The new matrix is suitable for planting various aerial orchids (such as dendrobium, oncidium, butterfly orchid, cymbidium hybridum, cattleya orchid, flameray orchid and the like). Is especially suitable for tropical aerial rooting orchids with slower rooting and sprouting such as cattleya hybrida.
Compared with the seed seedling, the tissue culture seedling has weaker root system and slow growth. The medium has good cultivation effect on the tissue culture seedlings, and can effectively promote the tissue culture seedlings to grow new roots and new buds.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The sphagna, the coconut shell powder and the coconut shell particles can be purchased from the market and can also be manufactured by the user.
The fertilizers described in the examples below consist of NPK, N is provided by urea, K is provided by potassium oxide, and P is provided by phosphorus pentoxide.
Example 1
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix.
The coconut grain making method comprises the following steps: cutting the coconut skin by a professional cutting machine, sieving and cleaning the coconut hair and the coconut chaff, then sieving and grading, and selecting particles with the size of 10mm multiplied by 10 mm-20 mm multiplied by 20mm for pretreatment. The pretreatment method comprises the following steps: soaking in clear water for 3 times, each for 24 hr (changing water after each soaking).
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the dendrobium tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 4 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 2
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain production method reference is made to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the tissue culture seedlings of oncidium into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 4 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 3
1. The composition and the preparation method of the new matrix comprise the following steps:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain production method reference is made to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the butterfly orchid tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 4 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N to K to P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 4
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain manufacturing method refer to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the tissue culture seedlings of the cymbidium hybridum into a matrix, spraying a water soluble fertilizer once every 4 days by a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 5
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 10:5:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain manufacturing method refer to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the cattleya hybrida tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 7 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 6
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain manufacturing method refer to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the cattleya hybrida tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 7 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:8:9 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:9:20 after 3 months.
Example 7
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain manufacturing method refer to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
Transplanting the cattleya hybrida tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying a water-soluble fertilizer once every 3 days through a sprinkling irrigation facility, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
Example 8
1. The composition and preparation method of the new matrix are as follows:
the water moss, the coconut shell particles and the nano-scale shell powder are mixed according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to prepare a new matrix. Coconut grain manufacturing method refer to example 1.
2. Substrate application method
When the sphagna is conventionally used as a matrix, only manual watering and fertilizing operations can be carried out. The water-soluble fertilizer is used as the main raw material, and the fertilizer and water are poured once after 7 days. The ratio of N to K to P is 20:20:20 at the early stage, and when the sprout is mature, the ratio of N to K to P is adjusted to 10:30: 20. The concentration of each fertilization was 0.2%.
When the novel matrix is adopted, manual operation is not needed, and the water soluble fertilizer is sprayed and irrigated after a spraying and irrigating facility is installed. The concentration of each fertilization is 0.1%. Transplanting the cattleya hybrida tissue culture seedlings into a matrix, spraying the cattleya hybrida tissue culture seedlings once every 4 days, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 20:20:20 before new roots grow out, using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 15:9:10 after the new roots grow out, and using a fertilizer with the mass ratio of N: K: P being 10:8:18 after 3 months.
3. Influence of the new substrate on the cultivation effect of orchid
We compare the influence of a new matrix (and a matched fertilizing and watering method thereof) and pure water moss (a conventional fertilizing and watering method) on the cultivation of tropical orchids. When the conventional water moss matrix is used, the average time of the tissue culture seedlings after being transplanted until new roots appear is 40.5 days, and the average time of the new buds appear is 39.3 days; the new matrix is adopted, the average time of new roots appearing is 26.1 days, the average time of new buds appearing is 24.2 days, and therefore, the new matrix can respectively improve the appearance time of new roots and new buds by 14 days and 15 days, and the time of new roots and new buds appearing is shortened by over 35 percent. Similarly, the new matrix can lead the mature time of the bulb to be about 20 days earlier, lead the flowering time to be about 15 days earlier, shorten the mature time of the bulb by 20 percent and shorten the flowering time by 8 percent. (Table 1)
TABLE 1 influence of new substrate (and its matched water-applying method) on orchid cultivation effect
When the proportion of the sphagna, the coconut shell particles and the shell powder is changed between 10:5:1 and 5:10:1, the appearance time of new roots, the appearance time of new buds, the maturation time of bulbs and the flowering time are similar (namely the effects are similar to those of a new substrate and shown in table 1), but the plant growth vigor (measured by stem thickness, plant height and leaf number) is not statistically different from that of the pure sphagna, and the seedlings are robust and emerald green. Considering the cost factor, the matrix is prepared by mixing the sphagna, the coconut shell particles and the shell powder according to the volume ratio of 5:10:1 to be the optimal proportion.
When the proportion of the water moss to the coconut shell particles is less than 1:2 and the proportion of the water moss to the coconut shell particles to the shell powder is changed between 5:10:1 and 0:15:1, the growth acceleration phenomenon does not exist, orchid leaves are yellow, pseudobulbs are small, plants are easy to dehydrate, seedling lodging phenomenon occurs, and the nutrition cups fall off in the transportation process.
4. Influence of new substrate on orchid cultivation management
The water moss as the matrix is characterized by water retention, fertilizer retention, acidification resistance and decomposition resistance (about 1 year), but the air permeability is slightly poor, and the coconut granules are characterized by good air permeability and have the defects of poor water retention and fertilizer retention and poorer acidification resistance and decomposition resistance than the water moss. The nano-scale shell powder increases the contact area with the roots of plants, and enhances the holding capacity and the slow-release capacity of the matrix on water and fertilizer. The water moss, the coconut shell particles and the shell powder mixed matrix just combine the advantages of the three. With continuous water and fertilizer application, the internal space structure of the new matrix is changed, and the water-retaining, fertilizer-retaining and slow-release capabilities of the new matrix are also changed. The traditional fertilization mode is to apply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in a balanced manner at the early stage, and convert the mature sprouts into a high-potassium low-nitrogen fertilizer, while the fertilizer is converted into a high-nitrogen low-potassium fertilizer after the new roots grow out, and is converted into a high-phosphorus low-potassium fertilizer after 3 months, so that the characteristics of a new matrix are perfectly matched and the fertilizer is adapted to the change of the new matrix in the use process. Therefore, the novel substrate and the matched fertilizing and watering method thereof can effectively shorten the cultivation time of the tropical orchid to promote the tropical orchid to appear on the market, the substrate is long in service time and can be continuously used for more than two years, pure moss needs to be replaced after being used for one year, and otherwise the growth of the tropical orchid is influenced. When the fertilization mode is applied to the traditional pure water moss matrix, the effect of the new matrix in the table 1 can still be far from achieved, and it can be seen that the new matrix and the fertilization water method thereof are mutually related and need to be used in a set.
The water moss needs to be artificially fertilized with water once every 7 days for planting, and the new substrate can be irrigated by a sprinkler irrigation system once every 3-7 days. The water moss fertilizer water can only be used manually, the efficiency is low, and the cost is high. The substrate of the invention can use a spray irrigation system, does not need to manually pour fertilizer water, and has high efficiency and low cost. 10 ten thousand seedlings, the water moss as the matrix needs 4 workers to pour the fertilizer water, and the new matrix can solve the problem of fertilizer water by using a sprinkling irrigation system without special workers within 1 hour in the same way for 10 ten thousand seedlings.
5. Influence of new substrate on orchid cultivation cost
Hainan is the main production area of coconut, and the coconut coat is common and easy to obtain and has low price. The market price of the processed dry coconut grain is 4500 yuan/ton. The market price of the shell powder is 1000 yuan/ton.
The cost of the water moss matrix is 1.2 yuan per plant, and the manual management cost is 2 yuan per plant; the cost of the new substrate is 0.2 yuan per plant, and the manual management cost is 1 yuan per plant. Therefore, the cost of the sphagna is 2.67 times that of the new matrix. In other words the total cost of this new matrix is 37.5% of pure sphagnum.
Therefore, the new matrix is not only beneficial to the growth and management of orchid, but also has the lowest cost in view of planting cost.
6. Application range of novel matrix
The new matrix is suitable for planting various aerial root orchids (such as dendrobium, oncidium, butterfly orchid, cymbidium hybridum, cattleya hybrida, flameray orchid and the like).
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The tropical orchid culture medium is characterized by comprising water moss, coconut shell particles and nano-scale shell powder in a volume ratio of 10:5: 1-5: 10: 1.
2. The medium for cultivating tropical orchid according to claim 1, wherein the coconut shell granules have a size of 10mm x 10mm to 20mm x 20 mm.
3. The medium for cultivating tropical orchid according to claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the sphagna, the coconut shell powder and the coconut shell powder is 5:10: 1.
4. The medium for cultivating tropical orchid according to claim 1, wherein the coconut shell particles are prepared by the following method: cutting the coconut skin, sieving and cleaning the coconut hair and the coconut chaff, then sieving and grading, and selecting particles with the size of 10mm multiplied by 10 mm-20 mm multiplied by 20mm for pretreatment.
5. The medium according to claim 1, wherein the tropical orchid is a tropical aerial root orchid.
6. The cultivation medium for tropical orchid according to claim 5, wherein the tropical aerial orchid comprises dendrobii, oncidium, phalaenopsis, cymbidium, cattleya or flameray orchid.
7. The use method of the tropical orchid culture medium in claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: transplanting orchid seedlings into the tropical orchid cultivation medium as defined in any one of claims 1-6, and spraying nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer every 3-7 days; wherein N, K, P fertilizers with the mass ratio of 15: 8-9: 9-10 are used after the new roots grow out, and N, K, P fertilizers with the mass ratio of 10: 8-9: 18-20 are used after the new roots are transplanted for 3 months.
8. The use method of the tropical orchid culture medium according to claim 7, characterized in that N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer is sprayed on leaves before new roots grow out, N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer is 15:9:10 after new roots grow out, and N, K, P mass ratio of fertilizer is 10:8:18 after 3 months of transplantation.
9. The use method of the tropical orchid culture medium according to claim 7, characterized in that the orchid seedling is an orchid tissue culture seedling.
10. Use of the tropical orchid culture medium of any one of claims 1 to 6 for cultivating tropical aerial orchid.
Priority Applications (1)
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