CN111052980A

CN111052980A - Method for preventing and treating straw mushroom pests by electrotherapy

Info

Publication number: CN111052980A
Application number: CN201911319792.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 吴华; 黄鸿; 戴建青; 陈大嵩
Original assignee: Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources
Current assignee: Guangdong Institute of Applied Biological Resources
Priority date: 2019-12-19
Filing date: 2019-12-19
Publication date: 2020-04-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preventing and treating straw mushroom pests by an electrotherapy method. The method for preventing and controlling the volvariella volvacea pests by the electrotherapy comprises the following steps: inserting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the inverter device into the straw mushroom culture medium at the same time, electrifying for electric shock until all the straw mushroom culture medium is electrically shocked once, and performing a plurality of electric shock treatment courses to prevent and control straw mushroom pests for one electric shock treatment course; the inverter device comprises a direct current power supply, an inverter, a first hollow operating rod, a second hollow operating rod, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the direct current power supply is electrically connected with the inverter, the inverter is connected with the positive electrode through a positive connecting wire penetrating through the first hollow operating rod, and the inverter is connected with the negative electrode through a negative connecting wire penetrating through the second hollow operating rod. The method for preventing and treating the straw mushroom pests by the electrotherapy does not pollute the environment, is safe to people and livestock, belongs to a physical prevention and treatment method, does not cause pesticide to be accumulated in the bodies of the pests or to be remained in food, and protects the ecological environment and the food safety.

Description

Method for preventing and treating straw mushroom pests by electrotherapy

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of physical pest control and yield increase, in particular to a method for preventing and treating straw mushroom pests by an electrotherapy method.

Background

At present, standard mushroom houses with the specification of 6m multiplied by 4m multiplied by 3.2m are adopted in Guangzhou areas, the statistics of mushroom houses reaches more than 6 thousand, and the marketing amount of the daily-average fresh straw mushrooms is 25-30 t. The straw mushroom product is mainly sold in fresh market, and is sold in Guangzhou, Hongkong, Macao and Zhu triangular areas, and is distributed to east, China, North China and the like. With the adjustment of agricultural development strategy and production structure, straw mushrooms have become a characteristic industrial project for developing rural economy and increasing the income of farmers, and Guangzhou areas have become the biggest straw mushroom production base in Guangdong province and even China. The main pests in the straw mushroom field include straw mushroom nematodes, double-rock coprophila, fungus eating gall midge, black coprophila and mites, and the pests are difficult to control once the pests are outbreaked due to small size, strong concealment and quick propagation. The adult pests usually crawl, cross and lay eggs on the culture materials and hypha growth period and sporocarp in the stack retting period, have obvious influence on the yield of the straw mushrooms in the large occurrence, easily cause pollution of other pathogens, cause epidemic diseases and bring about greater economic loss. Therefore, the comprehensive pest control principle of prevention as main and comprehensive control is adopted.

The method for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests mainly comprises a physical mechanical prevention method and a chemical prevention method. The physical mechanical control, namely the method for controlling pests by using the life habits of the pests, mainly uses a physical method to kill target pests, such as sticking the adults by using fly glue, and trapping and killing the adults by using a trap lamp. The method has the defects that the number of the fly sticking glue and the trap lamps for trapping and killing is limited compared with the number of the mushroom flies in the mushroom house, the power grid of the trap lamps is quickly out of work due to the fact that the small corpses of the Mucuna densa Murray flies are fully paved, the circuit is easily short-circuited to burn the trap lamps in the mushroom house under the high-temperature and humid environment, and potential safety hazards are caused. In control practices, frequent replacement of the trap lights also increases control costs. The physical prevention means can only prevent adult insects such as two-part rock dejection flies, edible fungus gall midges, black dung midges and the like, and pest larvae such as two-part rock dejection flies, edible fungus gall midges, black dung midges and the like in the straw mushroom culture medium and straw mushroom nematodes. The chemical prevention method is a method for preventing and controlling insect pests in straw mushroom production by using insecticides. The method for preventing and controlling the volvariella volvacea nematodes only comprises a chemical prevention and control method at present. The chemical prevention and control method has the advantages of rapid and thorough insecticidal effect, wide insecticidal spectrum, low treatment cost and labor and time saving. The chemical control method has the defects that the pesticide is toxic to human and higher animals, the use dosage has to be increased due to the generation of the drug resistance of pests when the pesticide is frequently used, and the problem of residual pollution to the straw mushrooms in different degrees is easily caused. Even so, chemical control remains the most cost effective means of killing pests today. Due to the weakness and long-term unreasonable abuse of chemical pesticides, pests have resistance to the chemical pesticides, and the chemical pesticides pollute the environment in the process of using a large amount of pesticides, destroy the ecological balance of the nature, harm the health of human bodies and seriously affect the daily life of people.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for preventing and controlling straw mushroom pests by an electric therapy, which is characterized in that according to the characteristics of pests in a straw mushroom culture medium, larvae of pests such as bigeminal rock dung flies, fungus eating gall midges, black dung mosquitoes and the like and straw mushroom nematodes are in strip shapes, electric potential differences can be formed at two ends of the larvae of the pests and the straw mushroom nematodes, the water content of the straw mushroom culture medium is kept between 65 and 75 percent in the whole production flow, and conditions are formed for electrifying the culture medium, so that the pest larvae and the straw mushroom nematodes in the culture medium can generate the electric potential differences by electrically shocking the straw mushroom culture medium, the purpose of preventing and controlling the pest larvae and the straw mushroom nematodes is achieved, and the problem that a physical prevention and control method (fly sticking glue, insect attracting lamps and the like) can only prevent and control the pest adults but not prevent and the pest larvae is. The electric therapy can effectively prevent and control the straw mushroom pests and reduce diseases, thereby achieving the purpose of quality improvement and yield increase for the straw mushroom production.

The invention aims to provide a method for preventing and controlling straw mushroom pests by using an electric therapy method, which comprises the following steps: inserting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the inverter device into the straw mushroom culture medium at the same time, electrifying for electric shock until all the straw mushroom culture medium is subjected to electric shock once, wherein one electric shock treatment course is adopted, and a plurality of electric shock treatment courses are adopted to prevent and control straw mushroom pests, and the water content of the straw mushroom culture medium is 65-75%; the inverter device comprises a storage battery (storage battery) for providing a direct-current power supply, an inverter for converting the direct-current power supply into high-voltage alternating current to be output, a first hollow operating rod, a second hollow operating rod, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the storage battery (storage battery) is electrically connected with the inverter, the inverter is connected with the positive electrode through a positive connecting wire penetrating through the first hollow operating rod, and the inverter is connected with the negative electrode through a negative connecting wire penetrating through the second hollow operating rod.

In the test for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests, the inventor finds that the current and the voltage have the electric shock killing activity on straw mushroom nematodes, mushroom fly larvae and the like in a straw mushroom culture medium in a straw mushroom production environment. The inventor also finds that the electric shock has no obvious influence on the growth of the hypha of the straw mushroom through experiments. Because the electric shock has the electric shock killing effect on the straw mushroom pests such as straw mushroom nematode, mushroom fly larva and the like, the diseases in the culture medium are reduced, the use of chemical agents is reduced, and the quality and the yield of the straw mushroom production are improved.

The principle of the method for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests by the electrotherapy is to convert a low-voltage large-current power supply into a high-voltage instantaneous large-current pulse direct-current converter. When a large voltage is generated through the inverter and an instantaneous pulse large current is applied to the straw mushroom culture medium, a circular electric field is formed in the straw mushroom culture medium at one end of the electrode, when strip-shaped pests in the straw mushroom culture medium, such as strip-shaped straw mushroom nematodes, strip-shaped mushroom fly larvae and other strip-shaped straw mushroom pests, encounter the electric field, potential difference is induced, and the electric field forms a potential difference (voltage) between two points in the strip-shaped pests, so that the pests are electrocuted by corona. When the elongated pests just encounter the electric field, the body can bend instinctively along the direction of the electric field lines under the action of the electric field, and the pests also have escape capacity (physical power), and the pests can continuously make a spiral motion towards the surface of the culture medium and finally climb out of the surface of the culture medium. Some of them die in the medium. At the same time, the high voltage electricity is able to kill bacteria and viruses in the culture medium. But also influences the surface tension of the liquid drops on the surface of the plant and accelerates the evaporation of water. In addition, the electric field can also promote particle transport (such as bicarbonate and calcium ions) in the plant, increase carbon dioxide absorption and photosynthesis.

Preferably, the method for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests by the electrotherapy specifically comprises the following steps: inserting a positive electrode and a negative electrode into the straw mushroom culture medium at the same time, turning on an electrode switch to electrify for electric shock, wherein the voltage of a direct current power supply is 12V, the output frequency of an inverter is 50-100 Hz, the electric shock time is 20-40 s, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by 0.15-0.50 m to form a whole electrode with the thickness of 0.06-0.20 m²And inserting the next electric shock block into the electric shock block, and performing the same operation until all the straw mushroom culture media are subjected to electric shock once, wherein the electric shock treatment course is one electric shock treatment course, and the electric shock treatment course is performed for 4-6 times every 1-2 days from the inoculation of the straw mushroom culture media.

Furthermore, the electric shock treatment course is carried out for 1 time every day and 5 times in total from the inoculation of the culture medium of the straw mushroom.

Preferably, the inverter device further comprises an electrode switch arranged outside the first hollow operating rod; the storage battery (battery cell) and the inverter are arranged together, and the portable solar water heater is convenient to carry. The positive electrode and the negative electrode are both rake type electrodes, and the rake type electrodes can increase the area of single electric shock and improve the working efficiency.

Preferably, the inverter device is a mobile inverter device, and an inverter of the mobile inverter device is a backpack inverter. The inverter device is a device capable of instantly generating large voltage and large current, and the device can be fixed or movable.

The storage battery is a lithium battery, and the parameters are as follows: voltage 12 volts and current 80 ampere-hours (12V, 80 AH). The high-voltage output of the inverter is as follows: and frequency conversion is carried out at 50-100 Hz. The storage battery (battery jar) and the inverter have wide sources and can be purchased in the market.

Another object of the present invention is the use of a method for protecting against volvariella volvacea pests by electrotherapy.

In a straw mushroom production period, the main harmful pests are as follows: the continuous propagation of the volvariella volvacea nematodes in the culture medium is always accompanied by the whole production period. The nematodes of the straw mushroom are harmful mycelia and harmful fruiting bodies. The fruit body turns yellow and then turns brown, and finally the whole fruit body is rotten to generate fishy smell. The volvaria volvacea nematodes are in strip shapes, form potential difference in an electric field and can act by electric shock; the fungus eating gall midge and/or black fecal midge are similar to double-vine little dung flies, which are the main pests of straw mushrooms in Guangzhou areas. The female imagoes of the double-frontier rock little dung flies are convenient to copulate and lay eggs on the same day after eclosion. 10-20 eggs are gathered together, and partial eggs are dispersed. The eggs are mostly laid on the surface of food, and each female lays 15-68 eggs. The egg is slender but biased towards an ellipse, and the potential difference formed in the electric field is weaker, so that the electric shock is less effective. But the egg period is short, and the eggs are usually incubated at an average temperature of 26 ℃ for 12-24 hours. The larva is in a strip shape, potential difference is formed in an electric field, and the main effect of electric shock is in the larva stage. The larvae like to hide under food to take food, the larvae of low age gather together to take food, and then gradually disperse and migrate to find a hidden place without eating, and the larval stage is 5-7 days. The pupae are elliptical and the potential difference formed in the electric field is weaker. The pupa is light yellow at the beginning and gradually darkens later, and the pupa period lasts for 2-4 days. The newly emerged imagoes are light in color, are changed into normal color after a few hours, are quick in movement, and have an imago period of 2-6 days. The life history of the double-rock dung flies is obviously prolonged along with the reduction of the temperature. In the production practice of straw mushroom, hyphae grow over the culture medium 5 days after the inoculation of the strains, and the mycelia begin to nodulate. In the hypha growth process, a large amount of larvae eat the hyphae, a large amount of adults crawl on a culture medium, and the hyphae are broken, so that the nodulated hyphae are reduced, and the yield of the straw mushrooms is reduced. When a large number of hyphae are nodulated into fruiting bodies, pests such as the dipterex, the cecidomyiia and/or the black fecal mosquito disappear. Therefore, the electric shock therapy can prevent and treat the nematodes of the straw mushroom, reduce the harm to mycelium and reduce the discoloration and rot of the straw mushroom (fruiting body). Can be used for preventing and treating pests such as Dipterex, cecidomyiia and/or Heptochium bicolor, and reducing the harm to mycelia. By using the electric shock therapy, the pests such as the volvariella volvacea nematodes, the tragus cochinchinensis, the cecidomyiia and/or the black fecal mosquitoes and the like can be simultaneously controlled in one course of treatment, the effective pest control effect is achieved in the key time period (within 5 days after inoculation) of the volvariella volvacea production, and the method has practical significance in the volvariella volvacea production.

Preferably, the volvacea pests are selected from one or more of volvaria volvacea (Nematode of v.volvacea), biprina bifida biforme (Stenhammar) larvae, mycotropha curculiginis (Mycophila fungoides Felt) larvae and coprophila melanogaster (Scatopse sp.) larvae.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the method for physically preventing and treating the volvariella volvacea pests by using electric shock has obvious electric shock lethal activity on volvariella volvacea pests in the volvariella volvacea culture medium in a humid environment, can prevent and relieve the damage of the pests on volvariella volvacea hyphae, and can reduce the diseases by using an electric shock therapy.

(2) The method for preventing and treating the straw mushroom pests by the electrotherapy does not pollute the environment and is safe to people and livestock; the method for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests by the electrotherapy belongs to a physical prevention and control method, does not cause pesticide to be accumulated in the bodies of the pests or to be remained in food, protects the ecological environment and the food safety, has simple and easy preparation method, wide raw material sources and low cost, is suitable for large-scale production, and can be widely used for preventing and controlling the straw mushroom pests.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a method for controlling volvariella volvacea pests by electrotherapy of the present invention;

description of reference numerals: 1. an inverter; 2. a positive connection line; 3. a negative connecting wire; 4. a first hollow operating rod; 5. a second hollow operating rod; 6. a positive electrode; 7. an electrode switch; 8. straw mushroom culture medium, 9, straw mushroom culture shed frame.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of a positive electrode or a negative electrode.

Detailed Description

The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof. The equipment and reagents used in the present invention are, unless otherwise specified, conventional commercial products in the art.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the electric therapy of the invention is realized by an inverter device to control the straw mushroom pests. The inverter device comprises a storage battery (battery jar) (not shown) for providing a direct current power supply, an inverter 1 for converting the direct current power supply into alternating current, a first hollow operating rod 4, a second hollow operating rod 5, a positive electrode 6, a negative electrode (not shown) and an electrode switch 7 arranged on the outer side of the first hollow operating rod, wherein the direct current power supply is electrically connected with the inverter, the inverter is connected with the positive electrode 6 through a positive connecting wire 2 penetrating through the first hollow operating rod 4, and the inverter is connected with the negative electrode through a negative connecting wire 3 penetrating through the second hollow operating rod 5. The positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode are both rake type electrodes, and the rake type electrodes can increase the area of single electric shock and improve the working efficiency.

The inverter device is a movable inverter device, and the inverter of the movable inverter device is a backpack inverter. The inverter device is a device capable of instantly generating large voltage and large current, and the set of device can be fixed or movable. The storage battery is a lithium battery, and the parameters are as follows: voltage 12 volts and current 80 ampere-hours (12V, 80 AH). The high-voltage output of the inverter is as follows: and frequency conversion is carried out at 50-100 Hz. The inverter has wide sources and can be purchased in the market.

An operator backs the backpack inverter on the back, holds the first hollow operating rod 4 and the second hollow operating rod 5 with both hands respectively, opens the electrode switch 7, inserts the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode into the straw mushroom culture medium 8 on the straw mushroom cultivation shed frame 9 simultaneously, and conducts electric shock until all the straw mushroom culture mediums are electrically shocked once, and as an electric shock treatment course, a plurality of electric shock treatment courses are conducted to prevent and control straw mushroom pests. The number of electric shock treatment courses is 1 from inoculation of the culture medium, the electric shock treatment course is implemented every 1-2 days, the electrotherapy is stopped when hyphae grow over the culture medium (5 days after inoculation of the strain), wherein the effect of controlling the straw mushroom pests is optimal after the culture medium is inoculated with the strain for 5 days by electrotherapy for 1 time every day.

Experimental example 1

1.1 sources of test insects

Volvacea (Nematode of V.volvacea), Biforehead rock-bedbug (B.bifronts), gall midge (Mycophila funiculicola Felt) and black fecal mosquito (Scatopse sp.) were collected from people in the white cloud and the Zhentongkun volvariella cultivation field, and healthy active adults were taken into a triangular flask and taken back to the laboratory, and were raised in 17cm × 12cm × 5cm plastic boxes filled with 300g of straw mushroom compost (100 g in terms of dry matter) (compost: 55% waste cotton, 40% straw, 5% quicklime), which were covered with a 100-mesh 30cm × 30cm × 30cm gauze and placed in an RXZ-type (multi-stage programming) intelligent artificial climate box (manufactured by Ningbo Jiangnan apparatus factory) for temperature preservation, where the temperature was kept at 24-28 ℃ and the humidity was over 80%. After continuous breeding for 3 generations, a stable laboratory population is formed for later use.

1.2 electric shock Activity of course of treatment on Cauliflower nematodes, Dipterex bipinnata larvae, cecidomyia cidentalis larvae, Heptochium sp larvae

Treatment group: 1765g of straw mushroom compost (equivalent to 588g of dry material) (compost: 55% of waste cotton, 40% of straw and 5% of quicklime) is loaded in a plastic tray (50cm multiplied by 40cm multiplied by 3cm) and 300 aged pupas are selected and placed in the plastic tray, and the plastic tray is placed in an RXZ type (multi-section programming) intelligent artificial climate box for heat preservation and moisture preservation, the temperature is kept at 22-25 ℃, and the humidity is kept above 80% for cultivation. When the larvae are hatched, an electric shock treatment course is carried out. About 300 volvaria volvacea nematodes are directly placed in the electric shock treatment course the next day.

Control group: the electric shock treatment course is not carried out, and the culture is normal.

Different parameters are designed for the electric shock treatment course to be tested, the electric shock frequency (50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz and 100Hz), the electric shock time (20s, 30s and 40s), and the distance between the positive electrode and the negative electrode (15cm, 30cm and 50 cm).

The number of live insects is investigated before treatment, and the number of live insects is investigated after treatment after 24 hours of electric shock treatment. And 5, sampling the surface layer (the layer thickness is less than 2cm) of the straw mushroom culture medium at the point of 5, wherein the water content of the straw mushroom culture medium is 65-75%. When investigating volvariella volvacea, 20g of the sample was taken, placed in a petri dish, and an appropriate amount of water was added to investigate it with a binocular lens (Nikon SMZ-2). 50g of each sample is taken when investigating the larvae of the two-part rock coprophila, the larvae of the edible fungus gall midge and the larvae of the black dung midge, and the number of live insects in the straw mushroom compost is investigated by using a magnifying glass of 20 times. And after the investigation and statistics are finished, the culture medium is put back to the tray, and the tray is put back to the incubator. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. When the control group hatched adults, the test was stopped. And calculating the correction control effect.

Control effect (%) [1- (number of live insects after drug treatment x number of live insects before drug treatment in control area)/(number of live insects before drug treatment x number of live insects after drug treatment in control area) ] × 100.

1.3 Effect of the course of electric shock on the growth of the hypha of Volvariella volvacea

Volvacea (V. volvacea) strain V40 was provided by people in the white cloud and the earth of leonurus marsupium. Inoculating 1 block of 0.5cm × 0.5cm mushroom block on a plastic tray (50cm × 40cm × 3cm) filled with 1765g of straw mushroom compost (equivalent to 588g of dry compost) (compost: 55% of waste cotton, 40% of straw and 5% of quicklime), and placing in an RXZ (multi-section programming) intelligent climatic chamber for heat preservation and moisture preservation; and (3) carrying out an electric shock treatment course on the fungus blocks of the straw mushroom compost by using a parameter combination (the electric shock frequency is 60-90 Hz, the electric shock time is 20-40 s, and the distance between a positive electrode and a negative electrode is 15-50 cm) equivalent to that in the experiment. Electric shock is applied for 1 time every day, the culture is carried out in an incubator at 30 ℃ until hyphae grow over the plastic tray, and the electrotherapy is stopped when the hyphae grow over the culture medium (5 days after strain inoculation). During the period, the diameter of the fungus mass was measured every 2 days, the growth rate of the hyphae was calculated, and the growth vigor of the hyphae was observed, and each treatment was repeated 5 times.

SPSS 24.0 analysis software is used for processing experimental data, ANOVA is used for average number comparison among multiple groups, R-E-G-W Q analysis method is used for difference significance comparison in multiple comparison, and P <0.05 is difference and has statistical significance.

Example 1

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 20s, distance between two electrodes: 15cm, electric shock area 0.06m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 2

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 30s, distance between two electrodes: 15cm, electric shock area 0.06m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 3

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 40s, distance between two electrodes: 15cm, electric shock area 0.06m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 4

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 20s, distance between two electrodes: 30cm, electric shock area 0.12m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 5

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 30s, distance between two electrodes: 30cm, electric shock area 0.12m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 6

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 40s, distance between two electrodes: 30cm, electric shock area 0.12m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 7

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 20s, distance between two electrodes: 50cm, electric shock area 0.20m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 8

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 100Hz, shock time: 30s, distance between two electrodes: 50cm, electric shock area 0.20m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Example 9

Battery (battery) voltage: 12V, the inverter output frequency is respectively as follows: 50Hz, 60Hz, 70Hz, 80Hz, 90Hz, 10 Hz0Hz, shock time: 40s, distance between two electrodes: 50cm, electric shock area 0.20m². The treatment method was the same as in example 1.

Examples 1-9 the activity of different electrotherapy parameter experiments on volvariella volvacea pests is shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 Activity of the course of electric shock on Volvariella volvacea pests

Note: the data in the table are the average of 5 replicates.

From table 1, it follows: the prevention and treatment effect of the electric therapy on the volvariella volvacea pests is in linear positive correlation with the frequency of electrotherapy parameters and electric shock time and in linear negative correlation with the distance between the two electrodes. I.e. the higher the frequency, the longer the shock time, the better the control effect. The shorter the distance between the two electrodes, the better the prevention and treatment effect. During the test, the electric spark is easily caused by the fact that the culture medium is easy to break through at the position of the electrode when the resistance of the culture medium is large, the frequency is high (such as 100Hz) and the electric shock time is long (such as 50 s). Therefore, in the control practice, 2 combinations of higher frequency, shorter time or lower frequency and longer time can be selected. If the frequency is higher, the electrotherapy parameters for a shorter time are (voltage is 12V, frequency is 90Hz, electric shock time is 40s, electrode distance is 15cm), and the control effects on volvariella volvacea, dipterex coprophila, cecidomycidae goiter and copropheles are 49.80%, 74.64%, 77.41% and 76.22% respectively. The disadvantage of this electrotherapy parameter is that the electrode distance is too short, the electrotherapy area is small, and the labor intensity is large. And when the electrotherapy parameters are (voltage 12V, frequency 90Hz, electric shock time 40s and electrode distance 50cm), the control effects on the volvariella volvacea, the diprotite coprophila, the edible fungus gall midge and the black coprophila are respectively 34.86%, 60.61%, 62.66% and 61.79%. The electrotherapy parameters have the advantages of long electrode distance, large electric shock area and capability of reducing the working intensity. In actual work, the electrotherapy parameters are selected according to specific conditions.

Meanwhile, the experimental result of the electric shock therapy on the growth of the hypha of the straw mushroom shows that: the average growth rate of hyphae of the blank control is 0.90cm/d, the hyphae growth rate is 0.84-0.92 cm/d under the treatment of the examples 1-9, no significant difference exists according to statistical analysis, the hyphae growth vigor of the treatment of the examples 1-9 is as vigorous as that of the blank control, and the electric shock treatment does not influence the hyphae growth of the straw mushroom under the highest dose set by the experiment.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and these modifications and adaptations should be considered within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing and controlling straw mushroom pests by electrotherapy is characterized by comprising the following steps: inserting the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the inverter device into the straw mushroom culture medium at the same time, electrifying for electric shock until all the straw mushroom culture medium is subjected to electric shock once, wherein one electric shock treatment course is adopted, and a plurality of electric shock treatment courses are adopted to prevent and control straw mushroom pests, and the water content of the straw mushroom culture medium is 65-75%; the inverter device comprises a storage battery for providing a direct-current power supply, an inverter for converting the direct-current power supply into high-voltage alternating current to be output, a first hollow operating rod, a second hollow operating rod, a positive electrode and a negative electrode, wherein the storage battery is electrically connected with the inverter, the inverter is connected with the positive electrode through a positive connecting wire penetrating through the first hollow operating rod, and the inverter is connected with the negative electrode through a negative connecting wire penetrating through the second hollow operating rod.

2. The method for preventing and controlling straw mushroom pests through electrotherapy according to claim 1 is characterized by comprising the following steps: the positive electrodeAnd the negative electrode and the positive electrode are inserted into the straw mushroom culture medium at the same time, the electrode switch is turned on to conduct electric shock, the voltage of the direct-current power supply is 12V, the output frequency of the inverter is 50-100 Hz, the electric shock time is 20-40 s, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are separated by 0.15-0.50 m to form a single electrode with the thickness of 0.06-0.20 m²And inserting the next electric shock block into the electric shock block, and performing the same operation until all the straw mushroom culture media are subjected to electric shock once, wherein the electric shock treatment course is one electric shock treatment course, and the electric shock treatment course is performed for 4-6 times every 1-2 days from the inoculation of the straw mushroom culture media.

3. The method for controlling volvariella volvacea pests by electrotherapy according to claim 2, wherein the electric shock treatment course is carried out for 5 times in total, 1 time per day after the culture medium of volvariella volvacea is inoculated.

4. The method for preventing and controlling volvariella volvacea pests through electrotherapy according to claim 1, wherein the inverter device further comprises an electrode switch arranged at the outer side of the first hollow operating rod.

5. The method for preventing and controlling volvariella volvacea pests through electrotherapy according to claim 1, wherein the positive electrode or the negative electrode is a rake-type electrode.

6. The method for preventing and controlling volvariella volvacea pests through electrotherapy according to claim 1, wherein the inverter device is a movable inverter device, and an inverter of the movable inverter device is a backpack inverter.

7. Use of the method for the electrotherapy of claim 1 for combating volvariella volvacea pests in a volvariella volvacea medium.

8. The use of an electrotherapy for controlling volvariella volvacea pests according to claim 7 in controlling pests in volvariella volvacea media, wherein said pests in volvariella volvacea media are selected from the group consisting of one or more species of volvariella volvacea, larvae of the dipterex coprophila, larvae of the cecrophycidophila and larvae of the ustilago.