CN111032854A - 重组酵母细胞 - Google Patents
重组酵母细胞 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111032854A CN111032854A CN201880038813.6A CN201880038813A CN111032854A CN 111032854 A CN111032854 A CN 111032854A CN 201880038813 A CN201880038813 A CN 201880038813A CN 111032854 A CN111032854 A CN 111032854A
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Abstract
本发明描述了一种重组酵母细胞,所述重组酵母细胞功能性表达一种或多种异源核酸序列,该一种或多种异源核酸序列编码核酮糖‑1,5‑磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC4.1.1.39;Rubisco)和任选的一种或多种Rubisco分子伴侣以及一种或多种磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC2.7.1.19;PRK),其中戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的一种或多种基因过表达,和/或其中所述酵母细胞包含甘油‑3‑磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因的缺失或破坏。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有产生期望发酵产物的能力的重组酵母细胞,涉及异源肽在酵母细胞中的功能性表达,并且涉及一种其中使用所述酵母细胞的用于产生发酵产物的方法。
背景技术
微生物发酵方法被应用于从可再生碳水化合物原料工业生产广泛且快速扩展范围的化学化合物。尤其是在厌氧发酵过程中,辅因子对NADH/NAD+的氧化还原平衡可造成对产物产量的重大约束。该挑战的例子是在-例如-由Saccharomyces cerevisiae进行的燃料乙醇的工业生产中形成甘油作为主要副产物,这是需要对在生物合成反应中形成的NADH进行再氧化的直接结果。由Saccharomyces cerevisiae进行的乙醇生产是目前工业生物技术中按体积计的一个最大的发酵工艺,但目前在工业生物技术工艺中还产生了各种其他化合物,包括其他醇、羧酸,类异戊二烯,氨基酸等。已经提出了多种方法来通过遗传修饰改善工业生物技术中所使用的生物的发酵性质。与基于酵母的乙醇以及其他化合物的生产的化学计量有关的主要挑战是大量的NADH依赖性副产物(特别是甘油)通常作为副产物形成,特别是在厌氧和氧受限条件下或在呼吸以其他方式受到限制或不存在的条件下。据估计,在典型的工业乙醇工艺中,高达约4重量%的糖原料被转化为甘油(Nissen等人,Yeast 16(2000)463-474)。在厌氧生长的理想条件下,甘油转化率甚至可以更高,高达约10%。厌氧条件下的甘油生产主要与氧化还原代谢有关。在S.cerevisiae的厌氧生长期间,经由醇发酵而发生糖异化。在该方法中,在糖酵解甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶反应中形成的NADH通过转化乙醛而被再氧化,该乙醛是经由NAD+依赖性醇脱氢酶将丙酮酸脱羧成乙醇而形成的。当在代谢中的其他地方发生NAD+至NADH的净还原时,该氧化还原-中性异化途径的固定化学计量引起问题。在厌氧条件下,S.cerevisiae中的NADH再氧化严格依赖于将糖还原成甘油。甘油形成通过将糖酵解中间体二羟丙酮磷酸(DHAP)还原成甘油3-磷酸(甘油-3P)而引发,这是由NAD+依赖性甘油3-磷酸脱氢酶催化的反应。随后,在该反应中形成的甘油3-磷酸被甘油-3-磷酸酶水解,以得到甘油和无机磷酸盐。因此,甘油是由S.cerevisiae进行的乙醇厌氧生产期间的主要副产物,甘油为不希望的,因为其降低了糖到乙醇的总转化率。此外,乙醇生产设施的流出物中甘油的存在可导致废水处理的成本。WO2014/129898描述了编码核酮糖-1,5-磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC 4.1.1.39;本文缩写为“Rubisco”),和任选的Rubisco分子伴侣,以及磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC 2.7.1.19;本文缩写为“PRK”)的功能性异源核酸序列的重组细胞。WO2015107496描述了编码核酮糖-1,5-磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶单元RbcL、RbcS和RcbX,Rubisco分子伴侣GroEL和GroES的功能性异源核酸序列的重组细胞。在示例中,用四环素诱导型启动子TetO7表达PRK,参见表5。因此,该启动子需要方法助剂,即向增殖中加入化合物,这增加了方法的成本和复杂性。所述化合物是强力霉素,强力霉素为一种抗生素,其在乙醇发酵过程中不优选作为添加剂。尽管WO2014/129898中描述的方法是有利的,但是持续需要改进,特别是改进诸如乙醇的有用有机化合物的生产。另外,期望提供一种微生物,在所述微生物中NADH依赖性副产物被进一步降低。还期望一种不需要诸如抗生素的添加剂的方法。此外,期望改善菌株的增殖特性。这些包含在本发明的目的中。
附图说明
图1:工程菌株的耐渗透性测定。使细胞在合成培养基(180g L-1(1M)葡萄糖,初始pH 6)上生长,并在厌氧条件(10%CO2)下于30℃孵育48小时。A:IME324(GPD1 GPD2);B:IMX1443(GPD1 gpd2Δ pDAN1-prk cbbm非氧化PPP↑,二倍体);C:IMX1489(GPD1 gpd2ΔpDAN1-prk cbbm非氧化PPP↑,单倍体。
发明概述
根据本发明实现了上述目的中的一个或多个目的,本发明提供了一种重组酵母细胞,该重组酵母细胞功能性表达一种或多种异源核酸序列,该一种或多种异源核酸序列编码核酮糖-1,5-磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC4.1.1.39;Rubisco)和任选的一种或多种Rubisco分子伴侣以及一种或多种磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC2.7.1.19;PRK),其中戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的一种或多种基因过表达,和/或其中所述酵母细胞包含甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因的缺失或破坏。有利地,,此类重组酵母细胞具有提高的产物收率和/或减少的副产物形成和/或改善的增殖特性和/或不存在对于发酵过程的诸如抗生素的添加剂,因此不需要改变常规的发酵过程。
发明详述
因此,本发明涉及一种重组酵母细胞,该重组酵母细胞功能性表达一种或多种异源核酸序列,该一种或多种异源核酸序列编码核酮糖-1,5-磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC4.1.1.39;Rubisco)和任选的一种或多种Rubisco分子伴侣以及一种或多种磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC2.7.1.19;PRK),其中戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的一种或多种基因过表达,和/或其中所述酵母细胞包含甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因的缺失或破坏。
GPD基因可以是GPD1和/或GPD2基因。GPD1和GPD2基因均可以缺失或破坏,但是优选的是GPD2而不是GPD1被缺失或破坏。GPD基因编码具有至少EC编号1.1.1.8的酶。
WO2011/010923描述了如何缺失或破坏甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶的方法。
在一个实施方式中,过表达的戊糖磷酸途径的一种或多种基因编码选自以下列表的酶:转醛醇酶(EC 2.2.1.2)、转酮醇酶(EC 2.2.1.1)、核糖-5-磷酸异构酶(EC 5.3.1.6)和D-核酮糖-5-磷酸3-表异构酶(EC 5.1.3.1)。
在另一实施方式中,过表达的戊糖磷酸途径的一种或多种基因选自以下列表:TAL1、TAL2、NQM1、TKL1、TKL2、RPE1和RKI1。
在一个实施方式中,PRK处于启动子(在此为“PRK启动子”)的控制下,其PRK表达比厌氧/需氧为2或更高,并且Rubisco处于组成型启动子的控制下。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子是ROX1阻抑的。ROX1在本文中是缺氧基因(hypoxicgene)的血红素依赖性阻遏物;介导对缺氧诱导基因如COX5b和CYC7的有氧转录阻抑;通过响应于氧化应激减少启动子占据来调控阻遏物功能;并且含有负责DNA弯曲活性的HMG结构域;参与高渗应激抗性。ROX1受氧调控。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子是ROX1阻抑的。在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子具有一个或多个ROX1结合基序。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子在其序列中包含一个或多个基序NNNATGTTNNN。在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子是选自由以下项组成的列表的基因的天然启动子:FET4、ANB1、YHR048W、DAN1、AAC3、TIR2、DIP5、HEM13、YNR014W、YAR028W、FUN 57、COX5B、OYE2、SUR2、FRDS1、PIS1、LAC1、YGR035C、YAL028W、EUG1、HEMl4、ISU2、ERG26、YMR252C和SML1;特别是FET4、ANB1、YHR048W、DAN1、AAC3、TIR2、DIP5和HEM13。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子在其序列中包含一个或多个以下基序:TCGTTYAG和/或AAAAATTGTTGA。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子在其序列中包含一个或多个序列基序:TCGTTYAG和/或AAAAATTGTTG。
特别地,这种PRK启动子是DAN、TIR或PAU基因的天然启动子。在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子是选自由以下项组成的列表的基因的天然启动子:TIR2、DAN1、TIR4、TIR3、PAU7、PAU5、YLL064C、YGR294W、DAN3、YIL176C、YGL261C、YOL161C、PAU1、PAU6、DAN2、YDR542W、YIR041W、YKL224C、PAU3、YLL025W、YOR394W、YHL046C、YMR325W、YAL068C、YPL282C、PAU2,以及PAU4,特别地,该PRK启动子是选自由以下项组成的列表的基因的天然启动子:TIR2、DAN1、TIR4、TIR3、PAU7、PAU5、YLL064C、YGR294W、DAN3、YIL176C、YGL261C、YOL161C、PAU1、PAU6、DAN2、YDR542W、YIR041W、YKL224C、PAU3,以及YLL025W。
PRK启动子的PRK表达比厌氧/需氧可以为2或更高,优选地为3或更高,4或更高,5或更高,6或更高,7或更高,8或更高,9或更高,10或更高,20或更高或50或更高。也就是说,在厌氧条件下PRK的表达可为需氧条件下的表达的至少2倍。
“表达”是指将基因转录成结构RNA(rRNA,tRNA)或信使RNA(mRNA),随后翻译成蛋白质。
在一个实施方式中,通过测量在需氧和厌氧条件下生长的细胞的PRK蛋白的量来确定PRK表达比。如实施例中所示,可以通过蛋白质组学来确定PRK蛋白的量。
在另一个实施方式中,通过在例如无细胞提取物中测量在需氧和厌氧条件下生长的细胞的PRK活性来确定水平或PRK表达比。例如在待决的欧洲专利申请EP16174382.8的实施例1中描述了测量PRK活性的方法。
在又一个实施方式中,通过测量在需氧和厌氧条件下生长的细胞的PRK基因的转录水平(例如,作为mRNA的量)来确定水平或PRK表达比。技术人员知道如何使用本领域通常已知的方法(例如Q-PCR、实时PCR、northern印迹,RNA-seq)来确定翻译水平。
如本文所用,“启动子”是指导(结构)基因,特别是一种或多种磷酸核酮糖激酶基因,的转录的DNA序列。启动子能够在厌氧条件期间比在需氧条件下实现更高的表达。
在一个实施方式中,PRK启动子可以是合成的寡核苷酸。其可以是人工寡核苷酸合成的产物。人工寡核苷酸合成是合成生物学中用于在实验室中产生人工寡核苷酸(诸如基因)的方法。商业基因合成服务现在可以从世界各地的许多公司获得,这些公司中一些公司已经围绕这项任务建立了他们的商业模式。目前的基因合成方法最常见地基于有机化学和分子生物学技术的组合,并且可在不需要前体模板DNA的情况下“从头”合成整个基因。
在一个实施方式中,启动子位于PRK基因的5′区域,在一个实施方式中,其位于PRK基因的转录起始位点附近。
本发明进一步涉及一种制备有机化合物,特别是醇的方法,该方法包括使用酵母细胞转化碳源,特别是碳水化合物或另一种有机碳源,从而形成有机化合物,其中所述酵母细胞是根据本发明的酵母细胞。
除非另有说明,否则本文不使用数量词修饰是被定义为“至少一个/种”。
当提及名词(例如化合物、添加剂等)时,意味着包括复数。因此,当提及特定部分例如“化合物”时,这意味着该部分中的“至少一个/种”,例如“至少一个/种化合物”,除非另有说明。如本文所用的术语“或”应理解为“和/或”。
当提及存在几种异构体(例如D对映体和L对映体)的化合物时,该化合物原则上包括该化合物的所有可用于本发明的具体方法的对映异构体、非对映异构体和顺式/反式异构体;特别地当提及诸如化合物时,该化合物包括天然异构体。
术语“发酵”、“发酵性”等在本文中以经典意义使用,即表示在厌氧条件下进行或已经在厌氧条件下进行的过程。厌氧条件在本文中被定义为没有任何氧的条件或酵母细胞(特别是酵母细胞)基本上不消耗氧的条件,并且往往对应于小于5mmol/l.h的氧消耗,特别是小于2.5mmol/l.h或小于1mmol/l.h的氧消耗。更优选地,消耗0mmol/L/h(即,氧消耗为检测不到的)。这往往对应于培养液中的溶氧浓度小于空气饱和度的5%,特别地溶氧浓度小于空气饱和度的1%或小于空气饱和度的0.2%。
术语“酵母”或“酵母细胞”是指一组系统发生上不同的单细胞真菌,其大多数为子囊菌门(Ascomycota)和担子菌门(Basidiomycota)。芽殖酵母(“真酵母”)被分类为Saccharomycetales目,其中Saccharomyces cerevisiae是最众所周知的物种。
如本文所用的术语“重组(细胞)”或“重组微生物”是指含有下述核酸的菌株(细胞),该核酸是使用重组DNA技术和/或另一种诱变技术进行一种或多种遗传修饰的结果。特别地,重组细胞可包含不存在于对应野生型细胞中的核酸,该核酸已经使用重组DNA技术引入到该菌株(细胞)中(转基因细胞),或者不存在于所述野生型中的该核酸是在所述野生型中存在的核酸序列(诸如编码野生型多肽的基因)中——例如使用重组DNA技术或另一种诱变技术(诸如UV辐射)——进行一种或多种突变的结果,或者其中基因的核酸序列已被修饰以将(编码的)多肽产物靶向另一个细胞区室。此外,术语“重组(细胞)”特别地涉及已经使用重组DNA技术从菌株(细胞)中去除了DNA序列的所述菌株(细胞)。
如本文所用的术语“转基因(酵母)细胞”是指含有不天然存在于该菌株(细胞)中并且已经使用重组DNA技术引入该菌株(细胞)中的核酸的菌株(细胞)(即重组细胞)。
本文所用的关于蛋白质或多肽的术语“突变的”是指野生型或天然存在的蛋白质或多肽序列中的至少一个氨基酸已经经由对编码这些氨基酸的核酸进行诱变而被不同的氨基酸取代、插入,或从该序列中缺失。诱变是本领域中众所周知的方法,并且包括例如借助于PCR或经由寡核苷酸介导的诱变进行的定点诱变,如在Sambrook等人,MolecularCloning-A Laboratory Manual,第2版,第1-3卷(1989)中所述。本文所用的关于基因的术语“突变的”是指该基因的核酸序列或该基因的调控序列中的至少一个核苷酸已经经由诱变被不同的核苷酸取代或者已经从该序列中缺失,从而导致功能在定性或定量上改变了的蛋白质序列的转录或对该基因的敲除。
如本文所用,术语“基因”是指含有用于核酸聚合酶(在真核生物中RNA聚合酶II)的模板的核酸序列。基因转录成mRNA,然后mRNA翻译为蛋白质。
如本文所用的术语“核酸”包括对单链或双链形式的脱氧核糖核苷酸或核糖核苷酸的聚合物(即多核苷酸)的提及,并且除非另有限制,否则涵盖具有天然核苷酸的基本性质从而以类似于天然存在的核苷酸的方式与单链核酸杂交的已知类似物(例如肽核酸)。多核苷酸可以是天然或异源的结构或调控基因的全长序列或子序列。除非另有说明,否则该术语包括对指定序列及其互补序列的提及。因此,具有出于稳定性或其他原因而被修饰的主链的DNA或RNA是“多核苷酸”,如该术语在本文中所用的。此外,仅举两个示例,包含不常见碱基(诸如肌苷)或经修饰的碱基(诸如三苯甲基化碱基)的DNA或RNA是如本文所使用的术语的多核苷酸。应当理解,已经对DNA和RNA进行了多种修饰,该多种修饰用于本领域技术人员已知的许多有用目的。本文采用的术语多核苷酸包括这种化学、酶促或代谢修饰形式的多核苷酸,以及病毒和细胞(包括简单细胞和复杂细胞等)特有的DNA和RNA的化学形式。
术语“多肽”、“肽”和“蛋白质”在本文中可互换使用,用于指代氨基酸残基的聚合物。该术语适用于这样的氨基酸聚合物,在所述氨基酸聚合物中一个或多个氨基酸残基是对应的天然存在的氨基酸的人工化学类似物;以及适用于天然存在的氨基酸聚合物。天然存在的氨基酸的这种类似物的基本性质是,当整合入蛋白质时,该蛋白质对针对相同但完全由天然存在的氨基酸组成的蛋白质引发的抗体有特异反应性。术语“多肽”、“肽”和“蛋白质”还包含修饰,所述修饰包括但不限于糖基化、脂质附着、硫酸化、谷氨酸残基的γ-羧化、羟基化和ADP核糖基化。
当参照酶分类(EC)提及酶时,该酶分类是基于由国际生物化学与分子生物学联合会命名委员会(Nomenclature Committee of the International Union ofBiochemistry and Molecular Biology,NC-IUBMB)提供的酶命名法,酶被分类为或可分类为的类别,该命名法可在http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/处找到。还旨在包括没有(尚未)被分类为特定类别但可如此分类的其他合适的酶。
如果在本文中通过引用登录号来提及蛋白质或核酸序列(诸如基因),则除非另有说明,否则该数字特别地用于指代具有可经由www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/(在2016年6月14日可得的)找到的序列的蛋白质或核酸序列(基因)。
通过引用遗传密码子,本文中编码多肽的每个核酸序列还描述了核酸的每种可能的沉默变体。术语“保守修饰的变体”适用于氨基酸和核酸序列两者。关于特定的核酸序列,保守修饰的变体是指由于遗传密码子的简并性而编码相同氨基酸序列或氨基酸序列的保守修饰的变体的那些核酸。术语“遗传密码子的简并性”是指大量功能相同的核酸编码任何给定蛋白质的事实。例如,密码子GCA、GCC、GCG和GCU均编码氨基酸丙氨酸。因此,在每个由密码子指定为丙氨酸的位置处,可以在不改变编码的多肽的情况下将密码子改变为所述的任何对应密码子。这种核酸变异是“沉默变异”并且代表一种保守修饰的变异。
如本文所用,具有特定序列(例如SEQ ID NO:X)的多肽的术语“功能同源物”(或简称“同源物”)是指包含所述特定序列的多肽,前提条件是一个或多个氨基酸被取代、缺失、添加和/或插入,并且该多肽具有(定性地)用于底物转化的相同酶功能。该功能可以通过使用包含重组酵母细胞的测定系统来测试,该重组酵母细胞包含用于在酵母中表达同源物的表达载体,所述表达载体包含可操作地连接到酵母中的功能性启动子的异源核酸序列,并且所述异源核酸序列编码酵母细胞中酶促活性待测试的同源多肽,以及评定所述转化是否发生在所述细胞中。候选同源物可以通过使用计算机相似度分析来鉴定。在WO2009/013159的实施例2中描述了这种分析的详细示例。技术人员将能够由此推导出如何可以找到合适的候选同源物,任选地在密码子(对)优化后,将能够使用如上所述的合适的测定系统来测试此类候选同源物所需的功能。合适的同源物代表与特定多肽具有大于50%,优选60%或更高,特别地至少70%,更特别地至少80%、至少90%、至少95%、至少97%、至少98%或至少99%的氨基酸序列相似性并具有所需的酶功能的多肽。关于核酸序列,术语功能同源物意指包括由于遗传密码子的简并性而与另一核酸序列不同但编码相同多肽序列的核酸序列。
序列同一性在本文中定义为两个或更多个氨基酸(多肽或蛋白质)序列或两个或更多个核酸(多核苷酸)序列之间的关系,如通过比较序列所确定的。通常,在所比较的序列的全长上比较序列同一性或相似性。在本领域中,“同一性”还意指氨基酸或核酸序列(视情况而定)之间的序列相关性程度,如通过此类序列的链之间的匹配所确定的。
氨基酸或核苷酸序列当表现出一定的相似性水平时,被认为是同源的。两个同源的序列表示共同的进化起源。两个同源序列是密切相关还是更远距离相关由“百分比同一性”或“百分比相似性”表示,分别为高或低相关。尽管存在争议,但为了表示“百分比同一性”或“百分比相似性”,“同源性水平”或“同源性百分比”经常互换使用。可以使用数学算法来完成两个序列之间的序列比较和对同一性百分比的确定。本领域技术人员将意识到以下事实:几种不同的计算机程序可用于比对两个序列并确定这两个序列之间的同源性(Kruskal,J.B.(1983)An overview of sequence comparison,在D.Sankoff和J.B.Kruskal(编辑),Time warps,string edits and macromolecules:the theory andpractice of sequence comparison,第1-44页,Addison Wesley中)。两个氨基酸序列之间的同一性百分比可以使用用于比对两个序列的Needleman和Wunsch算法来确定。(Needleman,S.B.和Wunsch,C.D.(1970)J.Mol.Biol.48,443-453)。该算法比对氨基酸序列以及核苷酸序列。Needleman-Wunsch算法已在计算机程序NEEDLE中实现。出于本发明的目的,使用来自EMBOSS程序包的NEEDLE程序(2.8.0版或更高版本,EMBOSS:The EuropeanMolecular Biology Open Software Suite(2000)Rice,P.Longden,I.和Bleasby,A.Trends in Genetics 16,(6),第276-277页,http://emboss.bioinformatics.nl/))。对于蛋白质序列,使用EBLOSUM62来用于取代矩阵。对于核苷酸序列,使用EDNAFULL。可以指定其他矩阵。用于比对氨基酸序列的任选参数是空位开放罚分10和空位延伸罚分0.5。技术人员将理解,当使用不同的算法时,所有这些不同的参数将产生略微不同的结果,但是两个序列的总体同一性百分比不会显著改变。
全局同源性定义
同源性或同一性是在包括任何空位或延伸的整个比对区域上两个完整序列之间相同匹配的百分比。两个比对序列之间的同源性或同一性计算如下:两个序列在比对中显示出相同氨基酸的对应位置的数目除以包括空位的总比对长度。如本文所定义的同一性可以从NEEDLE获得,并在程序的输出中标记为“IDENTITY”。
最长同一性定义
两个比对序列之间的同源性或同一性计算如下:两个序列在比对中显示出相同氨基酸的对应位置的数目除以减去比对中的空位总数后的总比对长度。如本文所定义的同一性可以通过使用NOBRIEF选项从NEEDLE获得,并在程序的输出中标记为“最长同一性”。
本文所公开的核苷酸或氨基酸序列的变体还可以定义为与(例如,在序列表中)本文具体公开的核苷酸或氨基酸序列相比具有一个或若干个取代、插入和/或缺失的核苷酸或氨基酸序列。
任选地,在确定氨基酸相似性程度时,技术人员还可以考虑所谓的“保守性”氨基酸取代,如本领域技术人员所清楚的。保守氨基酸取代是指具有相似侧链的残基的可互换性。例如,一组具有脂肪族侧链的氨基酸是甘氨酸、丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸和异亮氨酸;一组具有脂肪族-羟基侧链的氨基酸是丝氨酸和苏氨酸;一组具有含酰胺侧链的氨基酸是天冬酰胺和谷氨酰胺;一组具有芳族侧链的氨基酸是苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸;一组具有碱性侧链的氨基酸是赖氨酸、精氨酸和组氨酸;并且一组具有含硫侧链的氨基酸是半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸。在一个实施方式中,保守氨基酸取代组是:缬氨酸-亮氨酸-异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸-酪氨酸、赖氨酸-精氨酸、丙氨酸-缬氨酸,以及天冬酰胺-谷氨酰胺。本文公开的氨基酸序列的取代变体是这样的变体,其中已去除了所公开序列中的至少一个残基并在其位置插入不同残基。优选地,氨基酸变化是保守性的。在一个实施方式中,每种天然存在的氨基酸的保守取代如下:Ala至Ser;Arg至Lys;Asn至Gln或His;Asp至Glu;Cys至Ser或Ala;Gln至Asn;Glu至Asp;Gly至Pro;His至Asn或Gln;Ile至Leu或Val;Leu至Ile或Val;Lys至Arg;Gln或Glu;Met至Leu或Ile;Phe至Met、leu或Tyr;Ser至Thr;Thr至Ser;Trp至Tyr;Tyr至Trp或Phe;以及Val至Ile或Leu。
本发明的核苷酸序列还可以按照它们分别在中等杂交条件下或优选在严格杂交条件下与本文所公开的具体核苷酸序列的部分杂交的能力来定义。严格杂交条件在本文中被定义为这样的条件,所述条件允许具有至少约25个核苷酸,优选约50个核苷酸、75或100个核苷酸,以及最优选约200个或更多个核苷酸的核酸序列在约65℃的温度下在包含约1M盐(优选6×SSC)的溶液或具有相当离子强度的任何其他溶液中进行杂交,并在65℃下以包含约0.1M或更少的盐(优选0.2×SSC)的溶液或具有相当离子强度的任何其他溶液洗涤。优选地,执行杂交过夜,即至少10小时,并且优选地执行洗涤至少一小时,其中洗涤溶液至少更换两次。这些条件将通常允许具有约90%或更高序列同一性的序列的特异性杂交。
中等条件在本文中定义为这样的条件,所述条件允许具有至少50个核苷酸,优选约200个或更多个核苷酸的核酸序列在约45℃的温度下在包含约1M盐(优选6×SSC)的溶液或具有相当离子强度的任何其他溶液中杂交,并在室温下以包含约1M盐(优选6×SSC)的溶液或具有相当离子强度的任何其他溶液洗涤。
优选地,执行杂交过夜,即至少10小时,并且优选地执行洗涤至少一小时,其中洗涤溶液至少更换两次。这些条件将通常允许具有高达50%序列同一性的序列的特异性杂交。本领域技术人员将能够修改这些杂交条件,以便特异性地鉴定同一性在50%和90%之间变化的序列。
如本文所用,关于核酸或蛋白质的“异源”是源自外来物种的核酸或蛋白质,或者如果源自相同物种,则为通过刻意的人为干预而在其组成和/或基因组基因座方面相对于其天然形式被实质性修饰的。例如,与异源结构基因可操作地连接的启动子来自与该结构基因所来源于的物种不同的物种,或者如果来自相同物种,则它们中的一者或两者为相对于它们的原始形式被实质性修饰的。异源蛋白质可以源自外来物种,或者如果来自相同物种,则为通过刻意的人为干预而相对于其原始形式被实质性修饰的。
术语“异源表达”是指异源核酸在宿主细胞中的表达。异源蛋白质在诸如酵母的真核宿主细胞系统中的表达是本领域技术人员熟知的。包含编码具有特定活性的酶的基因的核酸序列的多核苷酸可以在这种真核系统中表达。在一些实施方式中,转化/转染的酵母细胞可以用作用于表达酶的表达系统。异源蛋白质在酵母中的表达是众所周知的。Sherman,F.等人,Methods in Yeast Genetics,Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory(1982)是描述了可用于在酵母中表达蛋白质的多种方法的公知著作。两种被广泛利用的酵母是Saccharomyces cerevisiae和Pichia pastoris。用于在Saccharomyces和Pichia中表达的载体、菌株和方案是本领域中已知的,并且可从商业供应商(例如,Invitrogen)获得。根据需要合适的载体通常具有表达控制序列,诸如启动子,包括3-磷酸甘油酸激酶或醇氧化酶,以及复制起点、终止序列等。
如本文所用,“启动子”是指导(结构)基因转录的DNA序列。通常,启动子位于基因的5′区域中,靠近(结构)基因的转录起始位点。启动子序列可以是组成型的、诱导型的或阻抑型的。在一个实施方式中,不需要(外部)诱导物。
如本文所用的术语“载体”包括对常染色体表达载体和对用于整合到染色体中的整合载体的提及。
术语“表达载体”是指线性或环状的DNA分子,该线性或环状的DNA分子包含编码感兴趣的多肽的区段,该区段在提供用于其转录的附加核酸区段的控制下(即可操作地连接到所述附加核酸区段)。此类附加区段可包括启动子序列和终止子序列,并且可任选地包括一个或多个复制起点、一个或多个选择性标记、增强子、多腺苷酸化信号等。表达载体通常来源于质粒或病毒DNA,或可含有两者的元件。特别地,表达载体包含这样的核酸序列,该核酸序列包含在5′至3′方向上并可操作地连接的以下项:(a)酵母识别的转录和翻译起始区,(b)感兴趣的多肽的编码序列,以及(c)酵母识别的转录和翻译终止区。“质粒”是指自主复制的染色体外DNA,其未整合到微生物的基因组中并且通常自然状态下是环状的。
“整合载体”是指线性或环状的DNA分子,该线性或环状的DNA分子可以整合入到微生物的基因组中并提供编码感兴趣的多肽的基因的稳定遗传。整合载体通常包含这样的一个或多个区段,该一个或多个区段包含在提供其转录的附加核酸区段的控制下(即与其可操作地连接)编码感兴趣的多肽的基因序列。此类附加区段可包括启动子序列和终止子序列,以及通常通过同源重组过程来驱动将感兴趣的基因整合入到靶细胞基因组中的一个或多个区段。通常,整合载体将为可转移到靶细胞中的载体,但该载体具有在该生物体中无功能的复制子。如果在包含感兴趣的基因的区段内包含适当的标记,则可以选择该区段的整合。
“宿主细胞”是指含有载体并支持载体的复制和/或表达的细胞。
如本文所用,“转化”是指将外源多核苷酸插入宿主细胞中,而不管用于该插入的方法(例如,直接摄取、转导、f-接合(f-mating)或电穿孔)为何。外源多核苷酸可以保持为非整合载体,例如质粒,或者可以整合到宿主细胞基因组中。
重组酵母细胞优选选自下组:Saccharomycetaceae,诸如Saccharomycescerevisiae、Saccharomyces pastorianus、Saccharomyces beticus、Saccharomycesfermentati、Saccharomyces paradoxus、Saccharomyces uvarum和Saccharomycesbayanus;Schizosaccharomyces,诸如Schizosaccharomyces pombe、Schizosaccharomycesjaponicus、Schizosaccharomyces octosporus和Schizosaccharomyces cryophilus;Torulaspora,诸如Torulaspora dlelbrueckii;Kluyveromyces,诸如如Kluyveromycesmarxianus;Pichia,诸如Pichia stipitis、Pichia pastoris或pichia angusta;Zygosaccharomyces,诸如Zygosaccharomyces bailii;Brettanomyces,诸如Brettanomyces intermedius、Brettanomyces bruxellensis、Brettanomyces anomalus、Brettanomyces custersianus、Brettanomycesnaardenensis、Brettanomyces nanus、Dekkera Bruxellis和Dekkera anomala;Metschnikowia;Issatchenkia,诸如Issatchenkia orientalis;Kloeckera,诸如Kloeckera apiculata;Aureobasisium,诸如Aureobasidium pullulans。
在一个实施方式中,酵母细胞选自下组:Saccharomycetaceae。特别地,利用Saccharomyces cerevisiae细胞已经实现了良好的结果。
Rubisco原则上可以选自真核和原核Rubisco。Rubisco优选来自非光养生物。特别地,Rubisco可以来自化能自养微生物。已经使用细菌Rubisco实现了良好的结果。
优选地,细菌Rubisco来源于Thiobacillus,特别地Thiobacillusdenitrificans,其为化能自养的。Rubisco可以是单亚基Rubisco或具有多于一个亚基的Rubisco。特别地,已经使用单亚基Rubisco实现了良好的结果。特别地,已经使用II型Rubisco,更特别地CbbM实现了良好的结果。根据本发明的合适的Rubisco由来自Thiobacillus denitrificans的cbbM基因编码。该Rubisco的替代物是该Rubisco的功能同源物,特别是包含与来自Thiobacillus denitrificans的cbbM基因具有至少80%、85%、90%或95%序列同一性的序列的此类功能同源物。在表1中给出了合适的天然Rubisco多肽,以及与来自Thiobacillus denitrificans的cbbM基因的同一性。
表1:适用于表达的天然Rubisco多肽
来源 | 登录号 | 最大同一性(%) |
Thiobacillus denitrificans | AAA99178.2 | 100 |
Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1 | YP_003522651.1 | 94 |
thiothrix nivea DSM 5205 | ZP_10101642.1 | 91 |
Halothiobacillus neapolitanus c2 | YP_003262978.1 | 90 |
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 53993 | YP_002220242.1 | 88 |
Rhodoferax ferrireducens T118 | YP_522655.1 | 86 |
Thiorhodococcus drewsii AZ1 | ZP_08824342.1 | 85 |
未培养的原核生物 | AGE14067.1 | 82 |
根据本发明,至少在制备感兴趣的化合物的工业过程中使用期间,Rubisco在微生物中功能性表达。
为了增加本文中酶活性在本发明的经转化的(重组)宿主细胞中以足够水平和活性形式表达的可能性,优选地调适编码这些酶以及Rubisco酶和本发明的其他酶(参见下文)的核苷酸序列,以针对所讨论的宿主细胞的密码子使用来优化它们的密码子使用。编码酶的核苷酸序列对宿主细胞的密码子使用的适应性可以表示为密码子适应指数(CAI)。密码子适应指数在本文中被定义为基因的密码子使用朝向特定宿主细胞或生物中高表达基因的密码子使用的相对适应性的度量。每个密码子的相对适应性(w)是每个密码子的使用与相同氨基酸的最丰富密码子使用的比率。CAI指数被定义为这些相对适应性值的几何平均值。排除非同义密码子和终止密码子(取决于遗传密码子)。CAI值的范围为0到1,其中越高的值表明最丰富的密码子的比例越高(参见Sharp和Li,1987,Nucleic Acids Research15:1281-1295;还参见:Jansen等人,2003,Nucleic Acids Res.31(8):2242-51)。经适应的核苷酸序列优选具有为至少0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8或0.9的CAI。在一个实施方式中,序列已经密码子优化以在所讨论的真菌宿主细胞(例如S.cerevisiae细胞)中表达。
优选地,功能性表达的RuBisCO具有的活性由通过细胞提取物进行核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸依赖性14C碳酸氢盐并入的速率定义,为至少1nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1,特别地为至少2nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)1的活性,更特别地为至少4nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1的活性。活性的上限并不重要。在实践中,活性可以是约200nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1或更低,特别地25nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1,更特别地15nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1或更低,例如约10nmol.min-1.(mg蛋白质)-1或更低。用于测定该Rubisco活性的测定条件如实施例中所见。
RuBisCO核酸序列可以来自Thiobacillus denitrificans,或者其可以编码具有根据SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列的多肽,或者其为具有与SEQ ID NO:1有至少50%、至少60%、至少70%的序列同一性;优选地与SEQ ID NO:1有至少80%、至少85%、90%、至少95%、至少98%、至少99%的序列同一性的氨基酸序列的功能同源物,或者其为通过一个或多个氨基酸取代、缺失或插入而从SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列衍生的功能同源物。
根据本发明的功能性表达的磷酸核酮糖激酶(PRK,(EC 2.7.1.19))能够催化以下化学反应:
因此,该酶的两种底物是ATP和D-核酮糖5-磷酸;其两种产物是ADP和D-核酮糖1,5-二磷酸。
PRK核酸序列可以来自Spinacia oleracea,或者其可以编码具有根据SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列的多肽,或者其为具有与SEQ ID NO:2有至少50%、至少60%、至少70%的序列同一性;优选地与SEQ ID NO:2有至少80%、至少85%、90%、至少95%、至少98%、至少99%的序列同一性的氨基酸序列的功能同源物,或者其为通过一个或多个氨基酸取代、缺失或插入而从SEQ ID NO:2的氨基酸序列衍生的功能同源物。
PRK属于转移酶家族,特别是那些使用醇基团作为受体来转移含磷基团的转移酶(磷酸转移酶)。该酶分类的系统名称是ATP:D-核酮糖-5-磷酸1-磷酸转移酶。其他常用的名称包括磷酸戊糖激酶、核酮糖-5-磷酸激酶、磷酸戊糖激酶、磷酸核酮糖激酶(磷酸化)、5-磷酸核酮糖激酶、核酮糖磷酸激酶、PKK、PRuK,以及PRK。该酶参与碳固定。PRK可以来自原核生物或真核生物。已经使用源自真核生物的PRK取得了良好的结果。优选地,真核PRK源自选自以下的植物:Caryophyllales,特别地Amaranthaceae,更特别地来自Spinacia。作为来自Spinacia的PRK的替代物,可以存在来自Spinacia的PRK的功能同源物,特别是包含与来自Spinacia的PRK具有至少70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%的序列同一性的序列的功能同源物。合适的天然PRK多肽在表2中给出。
表2:适用于表达的天然PRK多肽,以及与来自Spinacia的PRK的同一性
来源 | 登录号 | 最大同一性(%) |
Spinacia oleracea | P09559.1 | 100 |
Medicago truncatula | XP_003612664.1 | 88 |
Arabidopsis thaliana | NP_174486.1 | 87 |
Vitis vinifera | XP_002263724.1 | 86 |
Closterium peracerosum | BAL03266.1 | 82 |
Zeamays | NP_001148258.1 | 78 |
在一个实施方式中,重组微生物还包含编码一种或多种异源原核或真核分子伴侣的核酸序列,所述分子伴侣-当表达时-能够在功能上与微生物中的酶相互作用,特别是与Rubisco和PRK中的至少一种相互作用。
伴侣蛋白是为正确折叠其他蛋白质提供有利条件,从而防止聚集的蛋白质。新制备的蛋白质通常必须从氨基酸的线性链折叠成三维形式。伴侣蛋白属于一大类有助于蛋白质折叠的分子,被称为分子伴侣。用于折叠蛋白质的能量由三磷酸腺苷(ATP)供应。Yébenes(2001)撰写了关于子啊本文中有用的伴侣蛋白的综述文章;“Chaperonins:two rings forfolding”;Hugo Yébenes等人,Trends in Biochemical Sciences,2011年8月,第36卷,第8期。
在一个实施方式中,该一种或多种伴侣蛋白来自细菌,更优选来自Escherichia,特别地,来自E.coli。E.coli GroEL和GroEs尤其可以在根据本发明的微生物中被编码。在一个实施方式中,伴侣蛋白是来自Saccharomyces的伴侣蛋白,特别地Saccharomycescerevisiae Hsp10和Hsp60。如果伴侣蛋白在诸如线粒体的细胞器中天然表达(示例为Saccharomyces cerevisiae的Hsp60和Hsp10),则可以例如通过修饰伴侣蛋白的天然信号序列来实现向细胞溶质的重定位。在真核生物中,蛋白质Hsp60和Hsp10在结构上和功能上分别与GroEL和GroES几乎相同。因此,考虑来自任何重组酵母细胞的Hsp60和Hsp10可以充当Rubisco的伴侣蛋白。参见Zeilstra-Ryalls J,Fayet O,Georgopoulos C(1991).″Theuniversally conserved GroE(Hsp60)chaperonins″.Annu Rev Microbiol.45:301-25.doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.45.100191.001505.PMID 1683763和Horwich AL,FentonWA,Chapman E,Farr GW(2007).″Two Families of Chaperonin:Physiology andMechanism″.Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol.23:115-45.doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123555.PMID 17489689。已经用包含异源伴侣蛋白GroEL和GroES两者的重组酵母细胞实现了良好的结果。作为GroES的替代,可以存在GroES的功能同源物,特别是包含与GroES具有至少70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%序列同一性的序列的功能同源物。表3中给出了与GroES同源的合适的天然伴侣蛋白多肽。
表3:适用于表达的与GroES多肽同源的天然伴侣蛋白
作为GroEL的替代,可以存在GroEL的功能同源物,特别是包含与GroEL的序列具有至少70%、75%、80%、85%、90%或95%序列同一性的序列的功能同源物。表4中给出了与GroEL同源的合适天然伴侣蛋白多肽。
表4:适用于表达的与GroEL多肽同源的天然伴侣蛋白
在一个实施方式中,将来自表3的10kDa伴侣蛋白与来自相同生物体属或物种的表3的匹配的60kDa伴侣蛋白组合,以在宿主中表达。例如:>gi|189189366|ref|XP_001931022.1|:71-16810kDa伴侣蛋白[Pyrenophora tritici-repentis]与匹配的>gi|189190432|ref|XP_001931555.1|热休克蛋白60,线粒体前体[Pyrenophora tritici-repentis Pt-1C-BFP]一起表达。用相同生物来源类似地制备的来自表3和表4的所有其他组合也可由技术人员用于表达。此外,可以将来自表3的源自一种生物体的伴侣蛋白与来自表4的源自另一种生物体的伴侣蛋白组合,或者可以将GroES与来自表3的伴侣蛋白组合,或者可以将GroEL与来自表4的伴侣蛋白组合。
编码分子伴侣的核酸序列可以编码具有根据SEQ ID NO:3和/或SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列的伴侣蛋白,或者其为具有与SEQ ID NO:3和/或SEQ ID NO:4有至少50%、至少60%、至少70%的序列同一性;优选地与SEQ ID NO:3和/或SEQ ID NO:4有至少80%、至少85%、90%、至少95%、至少98%、至少99%的序列同一性的氨基酸序列的功能同源物,或者其为通过一个或多个氨基酸取代、缺失或插入而从SEQ ID NO:3和/或SEQ ID NO:4的氨基酸序列衍生的功能同源物。
如上所述,本发明还涉及一种制备有机化合物的方法,该方法包括使用微生物转化碳源,从而形成有机化合物。该方法可以在需氧、限氧或厌氧条件下进行。
本发明特别地允许NADH依赖性副产物,特别是甘油的形成与相应的参考菌株中的所述产量相比减少高达100%、高达99%,或高达90%。与相应的参考菌株相比,NADH依赖性副产物的形成优选减少超过10%,特别地减少至少20%,更特别地减少至少50%。NADH依赖性副产物产量优选降低10-100%,特别地降低20-95%,更特别地降低50-90%。
在一个实施方式中,提供了一种发酵方法,其中使用Rubisco或能够催化由CO2(和另一种底物)形成有机化合物的另一种酶,或催化CO2作为电子受体的功能的另一种酶,并且二氧化碳存在于发酵液上方的气体混合物中和/或溶解在所述发酵液中。在一个具体实施方式中,二氧化碳或其一部分是由微生物原位形成的。
如果期望的话,该方法还包括通常通过用CO2或含有CO2的气体混合物(例如CO2/氮气混合物)进行通气,将外部CO2加入到反应体系中的步骤。如果没有原位形成CO2或原位形成了不足的CO2,则特别地使用加入外部CO2来(增加或)保持CO2在期望的浓度范围内。
作为碳源,原则上可以使用微生物可以用作底物的任何碳源。特别地,可以使用选自由碳水化合物和脂质(包括脂肪酸)的组的有机碳源。合适的碳水化合物包括单糖、二糖和水解的多糖(例如,水解淀粉、木质纤维素水解产物)。尽管可以存在羧酸,但是不一定包含诸如乙酸的羧酸作为碳源。
本发明的酵母适用于生产醇,特别是乙醇。然而,可以考虑以下见解:CO2可以在天然上并不允许如此进行的微生物中用作电子受体,对用于生产有机分子,特别是具有相对低分子量的有机分子,特别是分子量低于1000g/mol的有机分子的其他生物技术方法具有工业益处。在本文中提到以下各项作为根据本发明使用二氧化碳作为电子受体的一些实施方式。
关于乙醇的生产,细节存在于上文中(当描述包含PRK和Rubisco的酵母细胞时)以及在实施例中。优选在发酵过程中生产乙醇或另一种醇。
对于生产例如柠檬酸的几种有机酸(羧酸),需氧方法是有用的。对于柠檬酸生产,例如可以使用Aspergillus niger、Yarrowia lipolytica或另一种已知的柠檬酸生产生物体。
优选厌氧产生的有机酸的示例是乳酸。已被工程化用于乳酸生产的各种乳酸生产细菌菌株和酵母菌株在本领域中是众所周知的。现在更详细地描述本发明的的另一些实施方式。
在一个实施方式中,本发明涉及如本文所述的重组酵母细胞在生物燃料工业中的发酵中的用途。在一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞可包含一种或多种木糖异构酶基因的一个或两个或更多个拷贝和/或一种或多种木糖还原酶和木糖醇脱氢酶基因的一个或两个或更多个拷贝,从而允许该重组酵母细胞转化木糖。在其一个实施方式中,这些基因可以整合到重组酵母细胞基因组中。在另一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞包含基因araA、araB和araD。然后它能够发酵阿拉伯糖。在本发明的一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞包含xylA基因、XYL1基因和XYL2基因和/或XKS1基因,以允许该重组酵母细胞发酵木糖;缺失醛糖还原酶(GRE3)基因;和/或过表达GAL2和/或缺失GAL80。根据一个实施方式,可以通过引入到宿主细胞中来将以下基因引入重组酵母细胞中:
1)由任选地在强组成型启动子的控制下的PPP基因TAL1、TKL1、RPE1和RKI1组成的组;
2)由在强组成型启动子控制下的xylA基因组成的组;
3)包含在强组成型启动子控制下的XKS7基因的组,
4)由在强组成型启动子控制下的基因araA、araB和araD组成的组
5)缺失醛糖还原酶基因
可以使用已知的重组表达技术来构建上述细胞。辅因子修饰可以在上述修饰1)至5)中的任一者之前、同时或之后进行。可以对根据本发明的重组酵母细胞进行进化工程以改善其性质。进化工程过程是已知的过程。进化工程是这样的过程,其中微生物(本文中的重组酵母细胞)的工业相关表型可以通过合理设置的自然选择过程而与特定生长速率和/或对营养物的亲和力相契合。例如,在Kuijper,M等人,FEMS,Eukaryotic cell Research 5(2005)925-934,WO2008/041840和WO2009/112472中详细描述了进化工程。在进化工程化后,分离得到的戊糖发酵重组酵母细胞。分离可以以任何已知的方式进行,例如通过从进化工程中使用的重组酵母细胞发酵液中分离细胞,例如通过采集细胞样品或通过过滤或离心。
在一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞不含标记物。如本文所用,术语“标记物”是指编码允许选择或筛选含有标记物的宿主细胞的性状或表型的基因。不含标记物意指重组酵母细胞中基本上不存在标记物。当抗生素标记物已用于构建重组酵母细胞并随后去除时,不含标记物是特别有利的。可以使用任何合适的现有技术(例如分子内重组)来去除标记物。
在一个实施方式中,基于抑制剂耐受性宿主细胞来构建工业重组酵母细胞,其中构建如下文所述进行。可以通过筛选在含抑制剂的材料上生长的菌株来选择抑制剂耐受性宿主细胞,诸如在Kadar等人,Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol.(2007),第136-140卷,847-858中所说明的,其中选择了抑制剂耐受性S.cerevisiae菌株ATCC 26602。
重组酵母细胞还可以包含将丙酮酸转化为期望的发酵产物所需的那些酶促活性,所述期望的发酵产物为诸如乙醇、丁醇(例如正丁醇、2-丁醇和异丁醇)、乳酸、3-羟基-丙酸、丙烯酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、苹果酸、衣康酸、氨基酸、1,3-丙-二醇、乙烯、甘油、β-内酰胺抗生素或头孢菌素。
在一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞来源于工业重组酵母细胞。工业细胞和工业重组酵母细胞可以如下定义。工业过程中(重组酵母细胞)细胞的生活环境与实验室中的生活环境显著不同。工业重组酵母细胞必须能够在多种环境条件下良好作用,环境条件在该过程中可能会发生变化。此类变化包括营养源、pH、乙醇浓度、温度、氧浓度等的变化,这些条件的变化一起对Saccharomyces cerevisiae的细胞生长和乙醇生产具有潜在影响。在不利的工业条件下,耐受环境的菌株应允许稳健的生长和生产。工业重组酵母细胞菌株通常对使用它们的应用中可能存在的这些环境条件变化更稳健,所述应用为诸如在烘焙工业、酿造工业、酿酒和生物燃料乙醇工业中。在一个实施方式中,基于工业宿主细胞来构建工业重组酵母细胞,其中构建如下文所述进行。工业酵母细胞(S.cerevisiae)的示例是乙醇(Fermentis)、(DSM)和(Lallemand)。
根据本发明的重组酵母细胞优选地为抑制剂耐受的,即它们可以耐受它们在常见的预处理和水解条件下通常具有的水平的常见抑制剂,使得重组酵母细胞可以具有广泛的应用,即其对于不同原料、不同预处理方法和不同水解条件具有高适用性。在一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞是抑制剂耐受的。抑制剂耐受性是对抑制剂化合物的抵抗力。木质纤维素中抑制性化合物的存在和水平可随原料、预处理方法、水解过程的变化而广泛地变化。抑制剂类别的示例是羧酸、呋喃和/或酚类化合物。羧酸的示例是乳酸、乙酸或甲酸。呋喃的示例是糠醛和羟甲基糠醛。酚类化合物的示例是香草醛(vannilin)、丁香酸、阿魏酸和香豆酸。抑制剂的典型量是针对羧酸的:取决于原料、预处理和水解条件而为若干克/升至20克/升或更高。对于呋喃:取决于原料、预处理和水解条件而为几百毫克/升到几克/升。对于酚醛树脂:取决于原料、预处理和水解条件而为几十毫克/升至一克/升。
在一个实施方式中,重组酵母细胞是天然能够进行酒精发酵,优选厌氧酒精发酵的细胞。重组酵母细胞优选具有对乙醇的高耐受性、对低pH的高耐受性(即能够在低于约5、约4、约3或约2.5的pH下生长)以及对有机物和/或高温的高耐受性。
本发明还涉及在生物燃料工业中用如本文所述的重组酵母细胞发酵底物以产生发酵产物的方法,其中甘油产率比使用相应野生型重组酵母细胞的方法低至少5%、至少10%或至少10%、至少20%或至少30%。在此类方法的一个实施方式中,与使用相应的野生型重组酵母细胞的方法相比,乙醇产量没有增加或减少。
重组酵母细胞的任何上述特征或活性可以天然存在于细胞中,或者可以通过遗传修饰引入或进行修饰。
重组表达
重组酵母细胞是重组细胞。也就是说,重组酵母细胞包含在所讨论的细胞中不是天然存在的核苷酸序列,或被用所述核苷酸序列转化或被用所述核苷酸序列遗传修饰。用于在细胞中重组表达酶以及用于重组酵母细胞的其他遗传修饰的技术是本领域技术人员众所周知的。通常,此类技术涉及用包含相关序列的核酸构建体转化细胞。此类方法为例如从标准手册(诸如Sambrook和Russel(2001)″Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Manual(3rd edition),Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress,或F.Ausubel等人编著,″Current protocols in molecular biology″,GreenPublishing and Wiley Interscience,New York(1987))已知的。用于转化和遗传修饰真菌宿主细胞的方法为从例如EP-A-0635574、WO98/46772、WO 99/60102、WO00/37671、WO90/14423、EP-A-0481008、EP-A-0635574和US6,265,186已知的。
生物产品生产
多年来,已经提出了引入用于从作物糖生产生物乙醇的各种生物的建议。然而,实际上,所有主要的生物乙醇生产方法都继续使用Saccharomyces属的重组酵母细胞作为乙醇生产者。这归因于Saccharomyces物种对于工业方法而言的许多吸引人的特征,即对酸、乙醇的高耐受性和耐渗透性性、厌氧生长能力,以及当然其高酒精发酵能力。在一个实施方式中,作为宿主细胞的重组酵母细胞物种包括S.cerevisiae、S.bulderi、S.barnetti、S.exiguuS、S.uvarum、S.diastaticus、K.lactis、K.marxianus或K.fragilis。重组酵母细胞可以是适用于生产乙醇的细胞。然而,重组酵母细胞可适用于生产除乙醇以外的发酵产物。此类非乙醇发酵产物原则上包括可由诸如重组酵母细胞或丝状真菌等真核微生物生产的任何散装化学品或精细化学品。
在一个实施方式中,用于生产非乙醇发酵产物的重组酵母细胞是包含导致醇脱氢酶活性降低的遗传修饰的宿主细胞。
木质纤维素
木质纤维素可被认为是潜在的可再生原料,其通常包括多糖纤维素(葡聚糖)和半纤维素(木聚糖、杂木聚糖和木葡聚糖)。另外,一些半纤维素可以作为葡甘露聚糖存在,例如在木材来源的原料中。这些多糖成为可溶性糖(包括单体和多聚体,例如葡萄糖、纤维二糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖、半乳糖、果糖、甘露糖、鼠李糖、核糖、半乳糖醛酸、葡糖醛酸和其他己糖和戊糖)的酶促水解发生于共同作用(acting in concert)的不同酶的作用下。此外,果胶和其他果胶物质如阿拉伯聚糖可占来自非木本植物组织的典型细胞壁干质量的可观的比例(干质量的约四分之一到一半可为果胶)。
预处理
在进行酶处理之前,可以对木质纤维素材料进行预处理。预处理可包括将木质纤维素材料暴露于酸、碱、溶剂、热、过氧化物、臭氧、机械粉碎、碾磨、研磨或快速卸压,或它们中的任意两种或更多种的组合。化学预处理通常与热预处理(例如在150-220℃之间1到30分钟)组合。
酶促水解
通常对经预处理的材料进行酶促水解以释放可以根据本发明进行发酵的糖。这可以用常规方法执行,例如与例如纤维二糖水解酶等纤维素酶、内切葡聚糖酶、β-葡糖苷酶和任选地其他酶接触。使用纤维素酶进行转化可以在环境温度或更高温度下以反应时间进行,以释放足够量的糖。酶促水解的结果是包含C5/C6糖的水解产物,所述水解产物在本文中称为糖组合物。
糖组合物
根据本发明使用的糖组合物包含葡萄糖和一种或多种戊糖,例如阿拉伯糖和/或木糖。满足那些标准的任何糖组合物均可用于本发明。糖组合物中的任选糖是半乳糖和甘露糖。在一个实施方式中,糖组合物是一种或多种木质纤维素材料的水解产物。本文的木质纤维素包括半纤维素和生物质的半纤维素部分。木质纤维素包括生物质的木质纤维素级分。合适的木质纤维素材料可在以下列表中找到:果园底料(orchard primings)、树丛(chaparral)、磨坊废弃物(mill waste)、城市木材废弃物、市政废弃物、伐木废弃物、森林疏伐废弃物、短期轮种木本作物、工业废弃物、小麦秸、燕麦秸、水稻秸、大麦秸、黑麦秸、亚麻秸、大豆壳、稻壳、水稻秸、玉米谷蛋白饲料、燕麦壳、甘蔗、玉米秸秆、玉米杆、玉米芯、玉米壳、柳枝稷、芒草、甜高粱、芸苔茎、大豆茎、草原禾草、鸭茅状摩擦禾、狐尾草;甜菜粕、柑橘果实浆、种子壳、纤维素动物粪便、草坪修剪废弃物、棉花、海藻、树木、软木材、硬木材、白杨、松树、灌木丛、草、小麦、小麦秸、甘蔗渣、玉米、玉米壳、玉米棒、玉米粒、来自玉米粒的纤维、来自谷物湿磨或干磨的产物和副产物、城市固体废弃物、废纸、庭院废弃物、草本材料、农业残余物、林业残余物、城市固体废弃物、废纸、纸浆、造纸厂残余物、树枝、灌木、甘蔗、玉米、玉米壳、能源作物、森林、水果、鲜花、谷物、草、草本作物、树叶、树皮、针叶、原木、根、树苗、灌木丛、柳枝稷,树木、蔬菜、水果皮、藤蔓、甜菜粕、小麦麸皮、燕麦壳、硬木材或软木材、由农业加工产生的有机废弃物材料,林业木材废弃物,或它们中的任意两种或更多种的组合。将葡萄糖、木糖、阿拉伯糖和半乳糖转化成发酵产物具有重要的经济意义。甘露糖存在于一些木质纤维素材料中,它的含量通常比先前提到的糖要低。因此有利地,重组酵母细胞还转化甘露糖。预期可以进一步操纵本发明的重组酵母细胞以获得其他期望的特征,或者甚至更高的总乙醇产率。通过使重组酵母细胞在含有水解产物的培养基上传代来选择改良的重组酵母细胞已经产生了具有提高的发酵速率的改良重组酵母细胞。使用本发明的教导,人们可以容易地获得这种改良的菌株。含戊糖的材料是指任何液态或固态的包含戊糖的培养基。合适的含戊糖的材料包括多糖或木质纤维素生物质的水解产物,所述多糖或木质纤维素生物质为诸如玉米壳、木材、纸、农副产品等。
如本文所用的“水解产物”是指多糖已经通过加入水而解聚形成单糖和寡糖。水解产物可以通过含多糖材料的酶促水解或酸水解来产生。
优选地,重组酵母细胞能够在类似于工业戊糖来源中存在的条件下生长。当含戊糖的材料可以在无需过度操纵的情况下接种重组酵母细胞变体时,本发明的方法将是最经济的。举例来说,制浆工业产生了大量的纤维素废料。通过酸水解将纤维素糖化产生了可用于发酵反应中的己糖和戊糖。然而,水解产物或亚硫酸盐蒸煮液含有高浓度的天然存在于木材中的亚硫酸盐和酚类抑制剂,所述亚硫酸盐和酚类抑制剂抑制或阻止大多数生物体的生长。下面的实施例描述了由本发明的重组酵母细胞在硬木和软木的酸水解产物(或亚硫酸盐废液)中发酵戊糖。合理预期的是,能够在亚硫酸盐废液中生长的重组酵母细胞菌株能够在实质上任何其他生物质水解产物中生长。
增殖
本发明进一步涉及一种用于重组酵母细胞的需氧增殖,特别是重组酵母细胞菌株的需氧增殖的方法。本文中的增殖是导致初始重组酵母细胞群体增加的任何重组酵母细胞生长过程。增殖的主要目的是使用重组酵母细胞作为活生物体的自然繁殖能力来增大重组酵母细胞群体。增殖可能还有其他原因,例如,在使用干的重组酵母细胞的情况下,在重组酵母细胞生长之前,使用增殖来对重组酵母细胞进行再水化和适应。可以加入新鲜的重组酵母细胞,无论是有活性的干重组酵母细胞还是湿饼,以直接开始增殖。增殖条件对于最佳的重组酵母细胞生产和后续发酵(诸如木质纤维素水解产物发酵成乙醇)至关重要。它们包括充足的碳源、通气、温度和营养添加物。用于增殖的罐的大小通常为(木质纤维素水解产物到乙醇)发酵罐大小的介于2%与5%之间。在增殖中,重组酵母细胞需要碳源。碳源在本文中可以包括甘油、乙醇、乙酸盐和/或糖(C6和C5糖)。也可以使用其他碳源。碳源是细胞壁生物合成以及蛋白质和能量生产所必需的。增殖是需氧过程,因此必须对增殖罐进行适当的充气,以保持一定水平的溶氧。通常通过安装在进入增殖罐的管道上的空气感应器来实现足够的通气,这些空气感应器当罐填充时和再循环期间将空气吸入增殖混合物中。增殖混合物保持溶氧的能力随着所加入的空气量和混合物的稠度而变化,这就是通常按照介于50∶50至90∶10之间的醪液与水的比来加入水的原因。“粘稠”的增殖混合物(醪液与水的比为80∶20及更高)往往需要加入压缩空气,以弥补降低的保持溶氧的能力。增殖混合物中溶氧的量还是随气泡大小而变化,因此一些乙醇工厂通过喷雾器加入空气,所述喷雾器与空气感应器相比产生更小的气泡。连同较低的葡萄糖一起,充足的通气对于促进需氧呼吸也很重要,这与相对无氧的发酵环境不同。通气不足或高葡萄糖浓度的一个迹象是增殖罐中的乙醇产量增加。通常,在增殖期间,重组酵母细胞需要舒适的温度来生长和代谢,例如增殖反应器中的温度介于25-40℃之间。通常较低的温度导致较慢的新陈代谢和减少的繁殖,而较高的温度可导致产生应激化合物和减少的繁殖。在一个实施方式中,使增殖罐位于室内并免受夏季高温或冬季低温的侵害,以便将最佳温度保持在介于30-35摄氏度范围内之间通常不成问题。当重组酵母细胞的增殖正常进行时,可以进行进一步的增殖。
发酵
本发明提供了用根据本发明的重组酵母细胞发酵例如在生物燃料工业中有利的乙醇的方法。
在一个实施方式中,根据本发明的重组酵母细胞可以是发酵戊糖和葡萄糖的重组酵母细胞,包括但不限于能够同时厌氧消耗戊糖和葡萄糖的此类细胞。在该方法的一个实施方式中,含戊糖的材料包括木质纤维素材料的水解产物。所述水解产物可以是木质纤维素材料的酶水解产物。
发酵方法可以是需氧或厌氧发酵方法。厌氧发酵方法在本文中定义为在不存在氧或基本上不消耗氧,优选消耗小于约5mmol/L/h、约2.5mmol/L/h或约1mmol/L/h,更优选0mmol/L/h(即无法检测到氧消耗)的情况下进行的发酵方法,并且其中有机分子充当电子供体和电子受体两者。在没有氧的情况下,在糖酵解和生物质形成中产生的NADH不能被氧化磷酸化所氧化。为了解决该问题,许多微生物使用丙酮酸或其衍生物之一作为电子和氢受体,从而使NAD+再生。
因此,在一个实施方式中,厌氧发酵方法将丙酮酸用作电子(和氢受体)并还原为发酵产物,诸如乙醇、丁醇、乳酸、3-羟基-丙酸、丙烯酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、苹果酸、富马酸、氨基酸和乙烯。
所述发酵方法优选在对细胞最佳的温度下进行。因此,对于大多数重组酵母细胞而言,在小于约50℃、小于约42℃、或小于约38℃的温度下执行发酵过程。对于重组酵母细胞或丝状真菌宿主细胞,优选在低于约35℃、约33℃、约30℃或约28℃的温度下执和高于约20℃、约22℃或约25℃的温度下执行发酵过程。
在该方法中木糖和/或葡萄糖的乙醇产率优选为至少约50%、约60%、约70%、约80%、约90%、约95%或约98%。本文中乙醇产率定义为理论最大产率的百分比。
本发明还提供了一种生产发酵产物的方法。根据本发明的发酵方法可以在需氧和厌氧条件下进行。在一个实施方式中,所述方法在微需氧或限氧条件下进行。厌氧发酵方法在本文中定义为在不存在氧或基本上不消耗氧,优选消耗小于约5mmol/L/h、约2.5mmol/L/h或约1mmol/L/h的情况下进行的发酵方法,并且其中有机分子充当电子供体和电子受体两者。限氧发酵方法是氧消耗受到氧从气体到液体的转换限制的方法。限氧程度由进入气流的量和组成以及所用发酵设备的实际混合/质量传递特性确定。优选地,在限氧条件下的方法中,氧消耗速率为至少约5.5mmol/L/h,更优选至少约6mmol/L/h,诸如至少7mmol/L/h。本发明的方法可以包括回收发酵产物。在该方法的一个实施方式中,细胞发酵木糖和葡萄糖两者,优选同时发酵木糖和葡萄糖,在这种情况下优选使用对葡萄糖阻抑不敏感的细胞以防止二次生长。除了木糖(和葡萄糖)来源作为碳源之外,发酵培养基还将包含细胞生长所需的适当成分。用于诸如重组酵母细胞等微生物的生长的发酵培养基的组成在本领域中是众所周知的。发酵过程可以以分批、补料分批或连续方式进行。也可以采用单独进行水解和发酵(SHF)的方法或同时进行糖化和发酵(SSF)的方法。这些发酵过程模式的组合也可能实现最佳生产率。这些方法将在下文中更详细地描述。
SSF模式
对于同时进行糖化和发酵(SSF)的模式,液化/水解或预糖化步骤的反应时间取决于实现所需产率(即纤维素转化为葡萄糖的产率)的时间。此类产率优选地尽可能高,优选为60%或更高、65%或更高、70%或更高、75%或更高、80%或更高、85%或更高、90%或更高、95%或更高、96%或更高、97%或更高、98%或更高、99%或更高,甚至99.5%或更高,或99.9%或更高。根据本发明,实现了在SHF模式下非常高的糖浓度和在SSF模式下非常高的产物浓度(例如乙醇)。在SHF操作中,葡萄糖浓度为25g/L或更高、30g/L或更高、35g/L或更高、40g/L或更高、45g/L或更高、50g/L或更高、55g/L或更高、60g/L或更高、65g/L或更高、70g/L或更高、75g/L或更高、80g/L或更高、85g/L或更高、90g/L或更高、95g/L或更高、100g/L或更高、110g/L或更高、120g/L或更高,或者可以例如为25g/L-250g/L、30g/L-200g/L、40g/L-200g/L、50g/L-200g/L、60g/L-200g/L、70g/L-200g/L、80g/L-200g/L、90g/L-200g/L。
SSF模式下的产物浓度
在SSF操作中,产物浓度(g/L)取决于产生的葡萄糖的量,但该产生的葡萄糖的量是不可见的,因为在SSF下糖转化为产物,并且产物浓度可以通过以下方式与基础葡萄糖浓度相关:将基础葡萄糖浓度乘以理论最大产率(Yps最大值,以gr产物/克葡萄糖计)。发酵产物的理论最大产率(Yps最大值,以gr产物/克葡萄糖计)可以来源于教科书生物化学。对于乙醇,根据重组酵母细胞中正常的糖酵解发酵途径,1摩尔葡萄糖(180gr)产生2摩尔乙醇(=2×46=92gr乙醇。因此,葡萄糖的理论最大乙醇产率为92/180=0.511gr乙醇/gr葡萄糖)。对于正丁醇(MW为74gr/摩尔)或异丁醇,理论最大产率为1摩尔丁醇/摩尔葡萄糖。因此,(异)丁醇的Yps最大值=74/180=0.411gr的(异)丁醇/gr葡萄糖。对于乳酸,同型乳酸发酵的发酵产率为2摩尔乳酸(MW=90gr/mol)/每摩尔葡萄糖。根据该化学计量,Yps最大值=1gr乳酸/gr葡萄糖。可以对C5/C6发酵进行类似的计算,在所述C5/C6发酵中除了葡萄糖之外还包括戊糖,例如木糖和/或阿拉伯糖。对于其他发酵产物,可以进行类似的计算。
SSF模式
在SSF操作中,产品浓度为25g*Yps g/L/L或更高、30*Yps g/L或更高、35g*Yps/L或更高、40*Yps g/L或更高、45*Yps g/L或更高、50*Yps g/L或更高、55*Yps g/L或更高、60*Yps g/L或更高、65*Yps g/L或更高、70*Yps g/L或更高、75*Yps g/L或更高、80*Yps g/L或更高、85*Yps g/L或更高、90*Yps g/L或更高、95*Yps g/L或更高、100*Yps g/L或更高、110*Yps g/L或更高、120g/L*Yps或更高,或者可以例如为25*Yps g/L-250*Yps g/L、30*Yps gl/L-200*Yps g/L、40*Yps g/L-200*Yps g/L、50*Yps g/L-200*Yps g/L、60*Yps g/L-200*Yps g/L、70*Yps g/L-200*Yps g/L、80*Yps g/L-200*Yps g/L、90*Ypsg/L、80*Ypsg/L-200*Yps g/L。因此,本发明提供了一种制备发酵产物的方法,该方法包括:
a.使用本文所述的方法来降解木质纤维素;以及
b.发酵所得材料,
从而制备发酵产物。
发酵产物
本发明的发酵产物可以是任何有用的产物。在一个实施方式中,它是选自由以下项组成的组的产物:乙醇、正丁醇、2-丁醇、异丁醇、乳酸、3-羟基-丙酸、丙烯酸、乙酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、苹果酸、衣康酸、马来酸、柠檬酸、己二酸、氨基酸(诸如赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸和天冬氨酸)、1,3-丙-二醇、乙烯、甘油、β-内酰胺抗生素和头孢菌素、维生素、药物、动物饲料补充剂、特种化学品、化学原料、塑料、溶剂、燃料(包括生物燃料和沼气)或有机聚合物,以及工业酶(诸如蛋白酶、纤维素酶、淀粉酶、葡聚糖酶、乳糖酶、脂肪酶、裂解酶、氧化还原酶、转移酶或木聚糖酶)。
回收发酵产物
为了回收发酵产物,使用现有技术。对于不同的发酵产物,不同的回收方法是合适的。从含水混合物中回收乙醇的现有方法通常使用分级和吸附技术。例如,啤酒仍然可以用于处理发酵产物(其在含水混合物中含有乙醇),以产生富含乙醇的混合物,然后将该富含乙醇的混合物进行分级(例如,分馏或其他类似技术)。接下来,可以使含有最高浓度的乙醇的级分通过吸附器,以从乙醇中去除大部分(如果不是全部)剩余水。在一个实施方式中,除了回收发酵产物之外,还可以将酵母再循环。以下非限制性实施例仅旨在为示例性的。
实施例
实施例1.PPP基因的过表达和GPD2基因的缺失。
通过以下方式来使GPD2缺失:使用未决的欧洲专利申请EP16194660.3和未决的PCT申请PCT/EP2017/076148中所述的方法,利用导致在IMX774中同源重组后GPD2编码序列缺失的DNA片段来转化Saccharomyces cerevisiae菌株IMX774(该菌株在WO2017/216136中公开)。这是通过将指导RNA表达质粒与GPD2靶向序列共转化,从而废除gpd2的编码序列而完成的。所得菌株命名为IMX949。
所述戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的基因(TAL1、NQM1、TKL1、TKL2、RPE1、RKI1)通过以下方式而过表达:使用未决的欧洲专利申请EP16194660.3和未决的PCT申请PCT/EP2017/076148中所述的方法,利用上述基因的表达盒在组成型启动子的控制下在Saccharomycescerevisiae菌株IMX774(其菌株在WO2017/216136中公开)中进行转化。
通过以下方式将表达盒整合在GPD2基因座处:将指导RNA表达质粒与GPD2靶向序列一起共转化,从而废除gpd2的编码序列。所得菌株命名为IMX1443。如WO2017/216136中所述,在分批发酵实验中将菌株IMX1443与IME324和IMX774进行了比较。菌株IME324在WO2017/216136中公开。
结果在表5和表6中列出。
表5.使用具有PPP基因和GPD2基因缺失的酵母菌株的结果
表6.S.cerevisiae菌株IME369和IMX1489的厌氧生物反应器分批培养物中的比生长速率(μ),葡萄糖的生物质、乙醇和甘油产率(Y),以及甘油生产与生物质形成之间的化学计量关系。培养物在含有20g L-1葡萄糖(pH 5)的合成培养基上生长。根据对数生长期中期期间的采样点计算出比生长速率和化学计量。值代表独立一式两份培养物的测量值的平均值±平均偏差。*(p<0.02)和**(p<0.01)表示学生t检验中IME324(表5)与菌株IME369和IMX1489之间差异的统计显著性。在对数生长期构建的还原平衡程度产生介于96%与100%之间的电子回收率。
表7:序列表的简要说明
SEQ ID NO | 引物 |
1 | T.denitrificans Rubisco大亚基CbbM |
2 | S.oleracea磷酸核酮糖激酶(prk) |
3 | E.coli groES |
4 | E.coli groEL |
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序列表
<110> 帝斯曼知识产权资产管理有限公司
<120> 重组酵母细胞
<130> 32508-WO-PCT
<160> 4
<170> BiSSAP 1.3.6
<210> 1
<211> 459
<212> PRT
<213> T. dinitrificans
<220>
<223> Amino acid sequence of T. denitrificans Rubisco large subunit
CbbM
<400> 1
Met Asp Gln Ser Ala Arg Tyr Ala Asp Leu Ser Leu Lys Glu Glu Asp
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Gln Gly Met Gly Asp Ile Glu His Ala Lys Met Ile Asp Phe Tyr Val
115 120 125
Pro Glu Arg Cys Ile Gln Met Phe Asp Gly Pro Ala Thr Asp Ile Ser
130 135 140
Asn Leu Trp Arg Ile Leu Gly Arg Pro Val Val Asn Gly Gly Tyr Ile
145 150 155 160
Ala Gly Thr Ile Ile Lys Pro Lys Leu Gly Leu Arg Pro Glu Pro Phe
165 170 175
Ala Lys Ala Ala Tyr Gln Phe Trp Leu Gly Gly Asp Phe Ile Lys Asn
180 185 190
Asp Glu Pro Gln Gly Asn Gln Val Phe Cys Pro Leu Lys Lys Val Leu
195 200 205
Pro Leu Val Tyr Asp Ala Met Lys Arg Ala Gln Asp Asp Thr Gly Gln
210 215 220
Ala Lys Leu Phe Ser Met Asn Ile Thr Ala Asp Asp His Tyr Glu Met
225 230 235 240
Cys Ala Arg Ala Asp Tyr Ala Leu Glu Val Phe Gly Pro Asp Ala Asp
245 250 255
Lys Leu Ala Phe Leu Val Asp Gly Tyr Val Gly Gly Pro Gly Met Val
260 265 270
Thr Thr Ala Arg Arg Gln Tyr Pro Gly Gln Tyr Leu His Tyr His Arg
275 280 285
Ala Gly His Gly Ala Val Thr Ser Pro Ser Ala Lys Arg Gly Tyr Thr
290 295 300
Ala Phe Val Leu Ala Lys Met Ser Arg Leu Gln Gly Ala Ser Gly Ile
305 310 315 320
His Val Gly Thr Met Gly Tyr Gly Lys Met Glu Gly Glu Gly Asp Asp
325 330 335
Lys Ile Ile Ala Tyr Met Ile Glu Arg Asp Glu Cys Gln Gly Pro Val
340 345 350
Tyr Phe Gln Lys Trp Tyr Gly Met Lys Pro Thr Thr Pro Ile Ile Ser
355 360 365
Gly Gly Met Asn Ala Leu Arg Leu Pro Gly Phe Phe Glu Asn Leu Gly
370 375 380
His Gly Asn Val Ile Asn Thr Ala Gly Gly Gly Ser Tyr Gly His Ile
385 390 395 400
Asp Ser Pro Ala Ala Gly Ala Ile Ser Leu Arg Gln Ser Tyr Glu Cys
405 410 415
Trp Lys Gln Gly Ala Asp Pro Ile Glu Phe Ala Lys Glu His Lys Glu
420 425 430
Phe Ala Arg Ala Phe Glu Ser Phe Pro Lys Asp Ala Asp Lys Leu Phe
435 440 445
Pro Gly Trp Arg Glu Lys Leu Gly Val His Ser
450 455
<210> 2
<211> 352
<212> PRT
<213> S. oleracea
<220>
<223> Amino acid sequence of S. oleracea phosphoribulokinase (prk)
<400> 2
Met Ser Gln Gln Gln Thr Ile Val Ile Gly Leu Ala Ala Asp Ser Gly
1 5 10 15
Cys Gly Lys Ser Thr Phe Met Arg Arg Leu Thr Ser Val Phe Gly Gly
20 25 30
Ala Ala Glu Pro Pro Lys Gly Gly Asn Pro Asp Ser Asn Thr Leu Ile
35 40 45
Ser Asp Thr Thr Thr Val Ile Cys Leu Asp Asp Phe His Ser Leu Asp
50 55 60
Arg Asn Gly Arg Lys Val Glu Lys Val Thr Ala Leu Asp Pro Lys Ala
65 70 75 80
Asn Asp Phe Asp Leu Met Tyr Glu Gln Val Lys Ala Leu Lys Glu Gly
85 90 95
Lys Ala Val Asp Lys Pro Ile Tyr Asn His Val Ser Gly Leu Leu Asp
100 105 110
Pro Pro Glu Leu Ile Gln Pro Pro Lys Ile Leu Val Ile Glu Gly Leu
115 120 125
His Pro Met Tyr Asp Ala Arg Val Arg Glu Leu Leu Asp Phe Ser Ile
130 135 140
Tyr Leu Asp Ile Ser Asn Glu Val Lys Phe Ala Trp Lys Ile Gln Arg
145 150 155 160
Asp Met Lys Glu Arg Gly His Ser Leu Glu Ser Ile Lys Ala Ser Ile
165 170 175
Glu Ser Arg Lys Pro Asp Phe Asp Ala Tyr Ile Asp Pro Gln Lys Gln
180 185 190
His Ala Asp Val Val Ile Glu Val Leu Pro Thr Glu Leu Ile Pro Asp
195 200 205
Asp Asp Glu Gly Lys Val Leu Arg Val Arg Met Ile Gln Lys Glu Gly
210 215 220
Val Lys Phe Phe Asn Pro Val Tyr Leu Phe Asp Glu Gly Ser Thr Ile
225 230 235 240
Ser Trp Ile Pro Cys Gly Arg Lys Leu Thr Cys Ser Tyr Pro Gly Ile
245 250 255
Lys Phe Ser Tyr Gly Pro Asp Thr Phe Tyr Gly Asn Glu Val Thr Val
260 265 270
Val Glu Met Asp Gly Met Phe Asp Arg Leu Asp Glu Leu Ile Tyr Val
275 280 285
Glu Ser His Leu Ser Asn Leu Ser Thr Lys Phe Tyr Gly Glu Val Thr
290 295 300
Gln Gln Met Leu Lys His Gln Asn Phe Pro Gly Ser Asn Asn Gly Thr
305 310 315 320
Gly Phe Phe Gln Thr Ile Ile Gly Leu Lys Ile Arg Asp Leu Phe Glu
325 330 335
Gln Leu Val Ala Ser Arg Ser Thr Ala Thr Ala Thr Ala Ala Lys Ala
340 345 350
<210> 3
<211> 97
<212> PRT
<213> E. coli
<220>
<223> Amino acid sequence of E. coli groES
<400> 3
Met Asn Ile Arg Pro Leu His Asp Arg Val Ile Val Lys Arg Lys Glu
1 5 10 15
Val Glu Thr Lys Ser Ala Gly Gly Ile Val Leu Thr Gly Ser Ala Ala
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Ala Lys Ser Thr Arg Gly Glu Val Leu Ala Val Gly Asn Gly Arg Ile
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Leu Glu Asn Gly Glu Val Lys Pro Leu Asp Val Lys Val Gly Asp Ile
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Val Ile Phe Asn Asp Gly Tyr Gly Val Lys Ser Glu Lys Ile Asp Asn
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Glu Glu Val Leu Ile Met Ser Glu Ser Asp Ile Leu Ala Ile Val Glu
85 90 95
Ala
<210> 4
<211> 548
<212> PRT
<213> E. coli
<220>
<223> Amino acid sequence of E. coli groEL
<400> 4
Met Ala Ala Lys Asp Val Lys Phe Gly Asn Asp Ala Arg Val Lys Met
1 5 10 15
Leu Arg Gly Val Asn Val Leu Ala Asp Ala Val Lys Val Thr Leu Gly
20 25 30
Pro Lys Gly Arg Asn Val Val Leu Asp Lys Ser Phe Gly Ala Pro Thr
35 40 45
Ile Thr Lys Asp Gly Val Ser Val Ala Arg Glu Ile Glu Leu Glu Asp
50 55 60
Lys Phe Glu Asn Met Gly Ala Gln Met Val Lys Glu Val Ala Ser Lys
65 70 75 80
Ala Asn Asp Ala Ala Gly Asp Gly Thr Thr Thr Ala Thr Val Leu Ala
85 90 95
Gln Ala Ile Ile Thr Glu Gly Leu Lys Ala Val Ala Ala Gly Met Asn
100 105 110
Pro Met Asp Leu Lys Arg Gly Ile Asp Lys Ala Val Thr Ala Ala Val
115 120 125
Glu Glu Leu Lys Ala Leu Ser Val Pro Cys Ser Asp Ser Lys Ala Ile
130 135 140
Ala Gln Val Gly Thr Ile Ser Ala Asn Ser Asp Glu Thr Val Gly Lys
145 150 155 160
Leu Ile Ala Glu Ala Met Asp Lys Val Gly Lys Glu Gly Val Ile Thr
165 170 175
Val Glu Asp Gly Thr Gly Leu Gln Asp Glu Leu Asp Val Val Glu Gly
180 185 190
Met Gln Phe Asp Arg Gly Tyr Leu Ser Pro Tyr Phe Ile Asn Lys Pro
195 200 205
Glu Thr Gly Ala Val Glu Leu Glu Ser Pro Phe Ile Leu Leu Ala Asp
210 215 220
Lys Lys Ile Ser Asn Ile Arg Glu Met Leu Pro Val Leu Glu Ala Val
225 230 235 240
Ala Lys Ala Gly Lys Pro Leu Leu Ile Ile Ala Glu Asp Val Glu Gly
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Glu Ala Leu Ala Thr Leu Val Val Asn Thr Met Arg Gly Ile Val Lys
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Val Ala Ala Val Lys Ala Pro Gly Phe Gly Asp Arg Arg Lys Ala Met
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Leu Gln Asp Ile Ala Thr Leu Thr Gly Gly Thr Val Ile Ser Glu Glu
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Ile Gly Met Glu Leu Glu Lys Ala Thr Leu Glu Asp Leu Gly Gln Ala
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Lys Arg Val Val Ile Asn Lys Asp Thr Thr Thr Ile Ile Asp Gly Val
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Gly Glu Glu Ala Ala Ile Gln Gly Arg Val Ala Gln Ile Arg Gln Gln
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Val Ala Lys Leu Ala Gly Gly Val Ala Val Ile Lys Val Gly Ala Ala
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Thr Glu Val Glu Met Lys Glu Lys Lys Ala Arg Val Glu Asp Ala Leu
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Val Ala Leu Ile Arg Val Ala Ser Lys Leu Ala Asp Leu Arg Gly Gln
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Ala Pro Leu Arg Gln Ile Val Leu Asn Cys Gly Glu Glu Pro Ser Val
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Val Ala Asn Thr Val Lys Gly Gly Asp Gly Asn Tyr Gly Tyr Asn Ala
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Ala Thr Glu Glu Tyr Gly Asn Met Ile Asp Met Gly Ile Leu Asp Pro
485 490 495
Thr Lys Val Thr Arg Ser Ala Leu Gln Tyr Ala Ala Ser Val Ala Gly
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Leu Met Ile Thr Thr Glu Cys Met Val Thr Asp Leu Pro Lys Asn Asp
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Ala Ala Asp Leu Gly Ala Ala Gly Gly Met Gly Gly Met Gly Gly Met
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Gly Gly Met Met
545
Claims (13)
1.一种重组酵母细胞,所述重组酵母细胞功能性表达一种或多种异源核酸序列,所述一种或多种异源核酸序列编码核酮糖-1,5-磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶(EC4.1.1.39;Rubisco)和任选的一种或多种Rubisco分子伴侣,并且还包含一种或多种磷酸核酮糖激酶(EC2.7.1.19;PRK),其中戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的一种或多种基因过表达。
2.根据权利要求1所述的重组酵母细胞,所述重组酵母细胞还包含甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因的缺失或破坏。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述戊糖磷酸途径的非氧化分支的一种或多种基因过表达,并且其中所述酵母细胞包含甘油-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GPD)基因的缺失或破坏。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述GPD基因编码具有至少EC编号1.1.1.8的酶。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述GDP为GPD1和/或GPD2,优选地GPD2。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中过表达的所述戊糖磷酸途径的一种或多种基因编码选自以下列表的酶:转醛醇酶(EC 2.2.1.2)、转酮醇酶(EC2.2.1.1)、核糖-5-磷酸异构酶(EC 5.3.1.6)和D-核酮糖-5-磷酸3-表异构酶(EC5.1.3.1)。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述戊糖磷酸途径的一种或多种基因选自以下列表:TAL1、TAL2、NQM1、TKL1、TKL2、RPE1和RKI1。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述磷酸核酮糖激酶处于启动子(“PRK启动子”)的控制下,其PRK表达比厌氧/需氧为2或更大。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的重组酵母细胞,其中所述酵母细胞选自Saccharomycetaceae的组。
10.一种制备有机化合物特别是醇的方法,所述方法包括使用根据权利要求1至9所述的重组酵母细胞转化碳源,特别是碳水化合物或另一种有机碳源,从而形成所述有机化合物。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述碳源是淀粉水解产物。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述碳源是玉米纤维水解产物。
13.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述碳源是玉米秸秆水解产物。
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