CN111019420A - 一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳及其生产工艺,电池外壳包括电池壳体、电池壳底和电池壳盖,所述电池壳体里层为金属板材,金属板材外侧涂覆有高硬度耐磨涂层,高硬度耐磨涂层由高硬度耐磨涂料成膜制成,本发明通过将金属板材进行轧制、模具成型、焊接等生产工艺,解决现有电池壳厚度太厚、质量较重的问题,通过在金属板材表面涂布高硬度耐磨涂料,解决现有电池壳硬度较低、不耐磨的问题,通过对聚氨酯树脂进行改性,提升涂料成膜硬度和耐磨性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电池外壳技术领域,具体涉及一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳及其生产工艺。
背景技术
近年来,为了解决空气污染以及全球变暖问题,新能源汽车快速发展,新能源汽车的动力由动力电池系统提供,是新能源汽车中成本占比最高的部件,决定了新能源汽车的市场定价,电池外壳作为保护电池电极和电解液的重要部件,也是动力电池系统的重要组成部分。
目前市场上的新能源汽车电池壳大部分是通过冲压拉伸和热挤压的铝电池壳,由于这种生产方式的局限以及电池壳铝材自身性能的缺陷,现有电池壳厚度太厚,质量较重,并且在日常使用中电池外壳的磨损成为电池损耗的重要原因,在电池外壳表面涂布高分子树脂涂层是解决电池外壳耐磨度,以及提升各种物理性能和化学性能的重要途径,聚氨酯树脂作为一种具有高强度、抗撕裂、耐磨等特性的高分子材料,在日常生活、工农业生产、医学等领域广泛应用,但是单组分水性聚氨酯涂料分子内交联程度不高,会导致涂膜硬度低,且耐腐蚀性差。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳及其生产工艺,可以解决以下问题:
1、现有电池壳厚度太厚、质量较重的问题;
2、通过在金属板材表面涂布高硬度耐磨涂料,解决现有电池壳硬度较低、不耐磨的问题;通过对聚氨酯树脂进行改性,提升涂料成膜硬度和耐磨性。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,包括电池壳体、电池壳底和电池壳盖,所述电池壳体里层为金属板材,金属板材外侧涂覆有高硬度耐磨涂层,通过在金属板材上涂布高硬度耐磨涂层,可以有效保护电池壳体的金属板,使电池在日常使用中不易磨损,同时也具备一定的耐腐蚀、耐水性能,高硬度耐磨涂层由高硬度耐磨涂料成膜制成,高硬度耐磨涂料的制备方法如下:
(1)将磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入二月桂酸二丁基锡和对苯二酚,然后升温至50-60℃后,滴加异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2-5h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向预聚体一中加入改性环氧树脂,混合均匀后,升温至70-80℃继续反应2-3h,然后降温至40-50℃,加入二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷和辛酸亚锡,升温至60-70℃反应3-5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和固化剂,并用水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
通过将磺酸聚酯二醇在二月桂酸二丁基锡作催化剂,对苯二酚作阻聚剂的条件下与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯合成了聚氨酯树脂,由于单组分水性聚氨酯涂料分子内交联程度不高,会导致涂膜硬度低,且耐腐蚀性差,通过环氧树脂改性聚氨酯树脂,可以提高聚氨酯的交联度,得到高硬度、耐腐蚀性好的水性聚氨酯涂料。
优选的,步骤(1)中所述磺酸聚酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡和对苯二酚的质量比为1.5-2.5:1:0.01-0.05:0.01-0.05;步骤(2)中所述预聚体一、改性环氧树脂、二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷和辛酸亚锡的质量比为1:0.1-0.5:0.1-0.3:0.1-0.3:0.01-0.05;步骤(3)中所述预聚体二、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和固化剂的质量比为1:0.2-0.25:0.01-0.05。
优选的,所述固化剂为1-羟基环己基苯甲酮和6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦以质量比1:1的混合物。
优选的,所述金属板材优选铝合金板材。
优选的,所述改性环氧树脂的制备方法如下:
S1、氮气保护下,在反应器中加入去离子水、甲醛、双酚A、苯酚,搅拌下加热至30-40℃,使原料充分混合均匀,加入氢氧化钠调节pH至12-14,升温至70-80℃反应2-5h后,加入正丁醇,并用1mol/L盐酸调节pH至7,分液,收集有机相,有机相减压浓缩后得酚醛树脂;
S2、将酚醛树脂溶于正丁醇配置成质量浓度30-40%的酚醛树脂溶液,将环氧树脂溶于丁酮配置成质量浓度30-40%的环氧树脂溶液,将酚醛树脂溶液和环氧树脂溶液按1:1-1.5的质量比混合均匀得到酚醛环氧树脂溶液;
S3、向酚醛环氧树脂溶液中加入纳米二氧化硅,加热至70-80℃搅拌反应1-3h,得到改性环氧树脂。
环氧树脂上含有活性较高的环氧基、羟基、以及醚、酯等极性基团、因此环氧树脂固化物对金属、陶瓷、玻璃、木材等都有较好的附着力,以及优良的化学稳定性和耐腐蚀性,但环氧树脂的耐热性较差,而酚醛树脂具有良好的耐酸性、力学性能和耐热性,通过酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂,使酚醛树脂中的羟甲基和环氧树脂中的羟基、环氧基进行反应,以及酚醛树脂中的酚羟基与环氧树脂中的环氧基进行反应,使树脂之间通过交联形成更加复杂的网络结构,从而使材料的内部联结更加紧密,使聚氨酯树脂具有环氧树脂优良的黏结性,也提高了聚氨酯树脂的耐腐蚀性和耐热性,同时使聚氨酯树脂膜层具有较高的硬度;
纳米材料颗粒由于表面特性和晶体结构,会使材料产生很高的纵横比和表面积,通过在环氧树脂中填充纳米二氧化硅,利用纳米二氧化硅分子中有羟基官能团能参与高分子聚合中的羟基作用,使之嵌入交联结构中形成共聚物,从而提高涂料的物理性能和化学性能,提高了成膜硬度并使涂层具有良好的耐黄变和耐水性能。
优选的,S1中所述去离子水、甲醛、双酚A、苯酚的质量比为1:3-5:4-6:0.5-1.5;S3中所述酚醛环氧树脂溶液与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1:0.1-0.3。
优选的,一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
SS1、将金属板材轧制、切割,并送至成型模具中成型,使用焊机对成型的金属板材两端进行焊合,在电池壳体轴向形成一条连续焊缝,冷却金属板材,使用刮渣装置刮去电池壳体内外表面焊渣;
SS2、使用冲床把金属板材冲压加工成电池壳底和电池壳盖,将电池电极组件、泄压阀组件、注液组件等零件分别装配固定在电池壳底和电池壳盖上,使用激光焊机将电池壳分别和电池壳底和电池壳盖焊接;
SS3、在电池壳体外表面均匀涂布高硬度耐磨涂料,涂层厚度为40-60μm,涂布完成后将电池壳体置于70-80℃烘箱中烘烤10-20min,然后置于高压汞灯下照射至涂料完全固化,得到高硬度的耐磨电池外壳。
本发明的有益效果为:
1、本发明使用铝合金板材作为电池保护壳基底,通过对铝合金板材进行轧制,使其具有较薄的厚度,通过在铝合金板材上涂布高硬度耐磨涂层,可以有效保护电池壳体的金属板,使电池在日常使用中不易磨损,同时也具备一定的耐腐蚀、耐水性能,通过这种方法生产的电池保护壳,厚度较薄,质量较轻,且具有良好的性能;
2、通过将磺酸聚酯二醇在二月桂酸二丁基锡作催化剂,对苯二酚作阻聚剂的条件下与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯合成了聚氨酯树脂,由于单组分水性聚氨酯涂料分子内交联程度不高,会导致涂膜硬度低,且耐腐蚀性差,通过环氧树脂改性聚氨酯树脂,可以提高聚氨酯的交联度,得到高硬度、耐腐蚀性好的水性聚氨酯涂料,环氧树脂上含有活性较高的环氧基、羟基、以及醚、酯等极性基团、因此环氧树脂固化物对金属、陶瓷、玻璃、木材等都有较好的附着力,以及优良的化学稳定性和耐腐蚀性,但环氧树脂的耐热性较差,而酚醛树脂具有良好的耐酸性、力学性能和耐热性,通过酚醛树脂改性环氧树脂,使酚醛树脂中的羟甲基和环氧树脂中的羟基、环氧基进行反应,以及酚醛树脂中的酚羟基与环氧树脂中的环氧基进行反应,使树脂之间通过交联形成更加复杂的网络结构,从而使材料的内部联结更加紧密,使聚氨酯树脂具有环氧树脂优良的黏结性,也提高了聚氨酯树脂的耐腐蚀性和耐热性,同时使聚氨酯树脂膜层具有较高的硬度;纳米材料颗粒由于表面特性和晶体结构,会使材料产生很高的纵横比和表面积,通过在环氧树脂中填充纳米二氧化硅,利用纳米二氧化硅分子中有羟基官能团能参与高分子聚合中的羟基作用,使之嵌入交联结构中形成共聚物,从而提高涂料的物理性能和化学性能,提高了成膜硬度并使涂层具有良好的耐黄变和耐水性能。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
改性环氧树脂的制备:
S1、氮气保护下,在反应器中加入10g去离子水、35g甲醛、45g双酚A、10g苯酚,搅拌下加热至35℃,使原料充分混合均匀,加入氢氧化钠调节pH至12-14,升温至80℃反应3h后,加入20mL正丁醇,并用1mol/L盐酸调节pH至7,分液,收集有机相,有机相减压浓缩后得酚醛树脂;
S2、将酚醛树脂溶于正丁醇配置成质量浓度40%的酚醛树脂溶液,将环氧树脂溶于丁酮配置成质量浓度40%的环氧树脂溶液,将酚醛树脂溶液和环氧树脂溶液按1:1.2的质量比混合均匀得到酚醛环氧树脂溶液;
S3、向酚醛环氧树脂溶液中加入纳米二氧化硅,每克酚醛环氧树脂溶液加入0.1g纳米二氧化硅,加热至80℃搅拌反应1h,得到改性环氧树脂A。
实施例2
改性环氧树脂的制备:
S1、氮气保护下,在反应器中加入10g去离子水、35g甲醛、45g双酚A、10g苯酚,搅拌下加热至35℃,使原料充分混合均匀,加入氢氧化钠调节pH至12-14,升温至80℃反应3h后,加入20mL正丁醇,并用1mol/L盐酸调节pH至7,分液,收集有机相,有机相减压浓缩后得酚醛树脂;
S2、将酚醛树脂溶于正丁醇配置成质量浓度40%的酚醛树脂溶液,将环氧树脂溶于丁酮配置成质量浓度40%的环氧树脂溶液,将酚醛树脂溶液和环氧树脂溶液按1:1.2的质量比混合均匀得到酚醛环氧树脂溶液;
S3、将酚醛环氧树脂溶液加热至80℃搅拌反应1h,得到改性环氧树脂B。
实施例3
高硬度耐磨涂料的制备:
(1)将150g磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入1g二月桂酸二丁基锡和1g对苯二酚,然后升温至50℃后,滴加100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向100g预聚体一中加入50g改性环氧树脂A,混合均匀后,升温至80℃继续反应3h,然后降温至40℃,加入10g二羟甲基丙酸、10g三羟甲基丙烷和1g辛酸亚锡,升温至70℃反应5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将100g预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入20g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和1g固化剂,并用30mL水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
实施例4
高硬度耐磨涂料的制备:
(1)将150g磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入1g二月桂酸二丁基锡和1g对苯二酚,然后升温至50℃后,滴加100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向100g预聚体一中加入50g改性环氧树脂B,混合均匀后,升温至80℃继续反应3h,然后降温至40℃,加入10g二羟甲基丙酸、10g三羟甲基丙烷和1g辛酸亚锡,升温至70℃反应5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将100g预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入20g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和1g固化剂,并用30mL水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
实施例5
高硬度耐磨涂料的制备:
(1)将150g磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入2g二月桂酸二丁基锡和2g对苯二酚,然后升温至50℃后,滴加100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向100g预聚体一中加入30g改性环氧树脂,混合均匀后,升温至80℃继续反应3h,然后降温至40℃,加入10g二羟甲基丙酸、10g三羟甲基丙烷和1g辛酸亚锡,升温至70℃反应5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将100g预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入20g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和1g固化剂,并用30mL水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
实施例6
高硬度耐磨涂料的制备:
(1)将150g磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入2g二月桂酸二丁基锡和2g对苯二酚,然后升温至50℃后,滴加100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向100g预聚体一中加入10g改性环氧树脂,混合均匀后,升温至80℃继续反应3h,然后降温至40℃,加入10g二羟甲基丙酸、10g三羟甲基丙烷和1g辛酸亚锡,升温至70℃反应5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将100g预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入20g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和1g固化剂,并用30mL水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
实施例7
高硬度耐磨涂料的制备:
(1)将150g磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入2g二月桂酸二丁基锡和2g对苯二酚,然后升温至50℃后,滴加100g异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2h,得到预聚体一;
(2)将100g预聚体一用三乙胺中和,并加入20g二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和1g固化剂,并用30mL水分散,搅拌均匀得聚氨酯涂料。
实施例8
性能测试
试样制备:将制备好的高硬度耐磨涂料涂布在聚四氟乙烯板上,涂层厚度为40μm,涂布完成后将电池壳体置于80℃烘箱中烘烤10min,然后置于高压汞灯下照射至涂料完全固化。
硬度测试:涂层硬度按照GB/T 6739-2006进行测试;
耐磨性:耐磨性按照GB/T 1768-93进行测试;
测试结果如下表所示:
实施例3 | 实施例4 | 实施例5 | 实施例6 | 实施例7 | |
硬度 | 2H | 2H | 3H | 2H | <H |
耐磨性/g | 0.036 | 0.074 | 0.038 | 0.034 | 0.128 |
对比实施例7,由实施例3和实施例4测试结果可知,纳米二氧化硅的加入能有效提高涂层的耐磨性,由实施例5可知,当预聚体一和环氧树脂的质量比为1:0.3时,涂膜硬度较质量比1:0.1和1:0.5时要高,总体来说,通过改性酚醛环氧树脂改性聚氨酯涂料可以有效提高涂层硬度以及涂层的耐磨性。
以上公开的本发明优选实施例只是用于帮助阐述本发明。优选实施例并没有详尽叙述所有的细节,也不限制该发明仅为的具体实施方式。显然,根据本说明书的内容,可作很多的修改和变化。本说明书选取并具体描述这些实施例,是为了更好地解释本发明的原理和实际应用,从而使所属技术领域技术人员能很好地理解和利用本发明。本发明仅受权利要求书及其全部范围和等效物的限制。
Claims (6)
1.一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,包括电池壳体、电池壳底和电池壳盖,其特征在于,所述电池壳体里层为金属板材,金属板材外侧涂覆有高硬度耐磨涂层,高硬度耐磨涂层由高硬度耐磨涂料成膜制成,高硬度耐磨涂料的制备方法如下:
(1)将磺酸聚酯二醇加入反应器中,搅拌下再加入二月桂酸二丁基锡和对苯二酚,然后升温至50-60℃后,滴加异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,保温反应2-5h,得到预聚体一;
(2)向预聚体一中加入改性环氧树脂,混合均匀后,升温至70-80℃继续反应2-3h,然后降温至40-50℃,加入二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷和辛酸亚锡,升温至60-70℃反应3-5h后出料,得预聚体二;
(3)将预聚体二用三乙胺中和,并加入二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和固化剂,并用水分散,搅拌均匀得高硬度耐磨涂料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,其特征在于,步骤(1)中所述磺酸聚酯二醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二月桂酸二丁基锡和对苯二酚的质量比为1.5-2.5:1:0.01-0.05:0.01-0.05;步骤(2)中所述预聚体一、改性环氧树脂、二羟甲基丙酸、三羟甲基丙烷和辛酸亚锡的质量比为1:0.1-0.5:0.1-0.3:0.1-0.3:0.01-0.05;步骤(3)中所述预聚体二、二缩三丙二醇二丙烯酸酯和固化剂的质量比为1:0.2-0.25:0.01-0.05。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,其特征在于,所述固化剂为1-羟基环己基苯甲酮和6-三甲基苯甲酰基二苯基氧化膦以质量比1:1的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,其特征在于,所述改性环氧树脂的制备方法如下:
S1、氮气保护下,在反应器中加入去离子水、甲醛、双酚A、苯酚,搅拌下加热至30-40℃,使原料充分混合均匀,加入氢氧化钠调节pH至12-14,升温至70-80℃反应2-5h后,加入正丁醇,并用1mol/L盐酸调节pH至7,分液,收集有机相,有机相减压浓缩后得酚醛树脂;
S2、将酚醛树脂溶于正丁醇配置成质量浓度30-40%的酚醛树脂溶液,将环氧树脂溶于丁酮配置成质量浓度30-40%的环氧树脂溶液,将酚醛树脂溶液和环氧树脂溶液按1:1-1.5的质量比混合均匀得到酚醛环氧树脂溶液;
S3、向酚醛环氧树脂溶液中加入纳米二氧化硅,加热至70-80℃搅拌反应1-3h,得到改性环氧树脂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳,其特征在于,S1中所述去离子水、甲醛、双酚A、苯酚的质量比为1:3-5:4-6:0.5-1.5;S3中所述酚醛环氧树脂溶液与纳米二氧化硅的质量比为1:0.1-0.3。
6.一种高硬度的耐磨电池外壳的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
SS1、将金属板材切割,并送至成型模具中成型,使用焊机对成型的金属板材两端进行焊合,在电池壳体轴向形成一条连续焊缝,冷却金属板材,使用刮渣装置刮去电池壳体内外表面焊渣;
SS2、使用冲床把金属板材冲压加工成电池壳底和电池壳盖,将电池电极组件、泄压阀组件、注液组件等零件分别装配固定在电池壳底和电池壳盖上,使用激光焊机将电池壳分别和电池壳底和电池壳盖焊接;
SS3、在电池壳体外表面均匀涂布高硬度耐磨涂料,涂层厚度为40-60μm,涂布完成后将电池壳体置于70-80℃烘箱中烘烤10-20min,然后置于高压汞灯下照射至涂料完全固化,得到高硬度的耐磨电池外壳。
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