CN111016366A - 一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,属于防锈包装技术,由上至下包括薄膜层、弹性层、阻隔层、防锈层;所述薄膜层为聚乙烯,弹性层由线性低密度聚乙烯和乙烯‑醋酸乙烯共聚物组成,阻隔层由低密度聚乙烯和聚偏二氯乙烯组成,防锈层由含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊和聚乙烯组成,采用高阻隔功能的多层共挤出复合膜与气相防锈剂微胶囊技术相结合,不但解决了部分特殊产品要求防锈周期长,又克服了传统防锈材料阻隔氧气和水汽性能差的技术难题。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于防锈包装技术,具体涉及一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜及其制备方法。
背景技术
气相防锈包装技术,就是用含有气相防锈剂的气相防锈纸或气相防锈膜,在防锈剂缓慢挥发的过程中,形成一定的蒸气压,在金属表面形成保护层,起到抑制金属腐蚀的作用。气相防锈膜具有防锈周期长,操作简便,使用方便等特点,可以广泛应用于金属保护和器件保护等多个领域。
现有气相防锈膜一般都是将含有气相防锈剂的聚乙烯或聚丙烯直接作为产品防锈包装,这种防锈膜阻断水蒸气和氧气性能较差,因此被包装物表面仍然容易氧化生锈,造成损失。因此,传统的气相防锈膜是不足以解决目前行业实际需求的,需要有一款对器件和装备起优秀防锈作用的特种防锈膜,该气相防锈膜不但能够长时间具有防锈功能,还具有氧气和水蒸气的阻隔功能,可以满足市场对耐穿刺强度的要求。
中国专利CN 109265935A公开了一种VCI纳米拦截式防锈膜,即在聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)树脂中添加高比表面的纳米铜和会自动挥发出VCI气相防锈气体复合做防锈材料。纳米铜极易与大气中存在的腐蚀性气体发生化学反应,并中和掉这些腐蚀气体;同时膜层会自动挥发出VCI气相防锈气体,在封闭空间内气化并凝聚在所有金属表面上,防止金属工件锈蚀。
中国专利CN109291576A公开了一种复合防锈包装材料及生产工艺,该复合防锈包装材料由内层膜和外层膜构成,内层气相防锈膜内部的缓蚀剂挥发出足量的防锈粒子吸附在包装物的表面,对包装物进行保护,同时通过纳米防护膜包裹在气相防锈膜的表面,阻隔水汽的渗透,达到防腐蚀效果。
虽然上述气相防锈膜具有一定的防锈效果,但也具有严重缺陷(1)纳米拦截式防锈膜的防锈剂具有一定毒性,会对人体和动物造成不可逆的伤害,不适宜大规模使用;(2)复合防锈材料仅用聚乙烯作为底膜,气体阻隔性较差及防锈时间不够长,都是其无法应用于精密仪器和电子元器件保护上。
发明内容
针对现有技术不足,本发明提供一种防锈效果较好的含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜及其制备方法。
本发明提供一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,由上至下包括薄膜层、弹性层、阻隔层、防锈层;所述薄膜层为聚乙烯;弹性层为线性低密度聚乙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物组成,按重量配比计算线性低密度聚乙烯占20-60份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物占80-40份;阻隔层为低密度聚乙烯和聚偏二氯乙烯组成,按重量配比计算低密度聚乙烯占10-30份、聚偏二氯乙烯90-70份;防锈层由含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊和聚乙烯组成,按重量配比计算含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊占1-50份、聚乙烯占50-99份;所述含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊从外到内依次包括壁材和芯材,且壁材和芯材不相溶,壁材包裹在芯材外,壁材是聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、明胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或几种或其单体的共聚物,芯材是2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉、苯甲酸吗啉盐、N,N-二乙氨基丙腈、苯并三氮唑、邻硝基酚二环己胺中的一种或几种,采用自由基聚合生产工艺或界面相分离生产工艺制得成品。
进一步地,微胶囊的壁材和芯材采用二种或二种以上的材料组合时,各材料的重量配比任意,不影响成品性能。
进一步地,微胶囊的平均粒径为0.5-100μm,且微胶囊粒径超过50%分布在平均粒径±10μm以内;微胶囊的平均粒径优选为2-80μm。
进一步地,微胶囊的壁材和芯材重量比例为1:1~1:5。
进一步地,较好的微胶囊的壁材是聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、明胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或二种组合或二种单体的共聚物;芯材是2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉、苯甲酸吗啉盐、N,N-二乙氨基丙腈、苯并三氮唑、邻硝基酚二环己胺中的一种或二种组合。
进一步地,所述气相防锈膜厚度为10-350μm,其中薄膜层厚度为1-100μm,弹性层厚度为1-100μm,阻隔层厚度为2-50μm,防锈层厚度为1-100μm。
优选地,气相防锈膜厚度为20-350μm,其中薄膜层厚度为10-80μm,弹性层厚度为10-70μm,阻隔层厚度为10-40μm,防锈层厚度为2-90μm。
优选地,薄膜层和防锈层采用的聚乙烯可以是任意种类的聚乙烯,如线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯中的一种或几种混合,重量配比不受限制。
上述含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,采用多层共挤设备进行挤出,熔融温度控制为:薄膜层160℃-210℃,弹性层160℃-210℃,阻隔层200℃-230℃,含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层160℃-210℃。
本发明的气相防锈膜采用高阻隔功能的多层共挤出复合膜与气相防锈剂微胶囊技术相结合,不但解决了部分特殊产品要求防锈周期长,又克服了传统防锈材料阻隔氧气和水汽性能差的技术难题。具有以下优点:
(1)具有对氧气水汽同时起作用的高阻隔气密性能;(2)具有微胶囊包覆的气相防锈剂可以缓慢释放,具有优良的时效性;(3)创新性地引入阻隔层,使本专利的防锈膜具有一般聚乙烯防锈膜不具备的特质:机械性能好,抗穿刺撕裂强的优点。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明技术方案作进一步的详细描述,以使本领域的技术人员可以更好的理解本发明并能予以实施,但所举实施例不作为对本发明的限定。
本发明实施例1-8提供一种用于气相防锈膜的微胶囊,从外到内依次包括壁材和芯材,壁材包裹在芯材外,且壁材和芯材不相溶。微胶囊平均粒径为0.5-100μm,且微胶囊粒径超过50%分布在平均粒径±10μm以内,微胶囊壁材和芯材重量比例为1:1~1:5,制得的微胶囊的可加工温度为100℃-250℃。
实施例1:采用自由基聚合的生产设备,在20kg甲苯中投入壁材苯乙烯单体1kg、芯材2-甲基咪唑和2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑5kg,乳化剂NP-10 0.05kg引发剂0.01kg,加热到80℃后机械搅拌3h,抽真空、过滤、洗涤后得平均粒径为29μm的含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊3kg。该微胶囊聚苯乙烯含量为0.8kg,2-甲基咪唑和2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑含量为2.2kg。
实施例2:采用界面相分离的生产设备,在20kg丁酮和甲苯混合液中投入聚丙烯腈1kg,4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉7kg,乳化剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.1kg,搅拌4h后,抽真空、过滤、洗涤得平均粒径为0.5μm的含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊2.3kg。该微胶囊聚丙烯腈含量为0.5kg,4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉含量为1.8kg。
实施例3-8,参考实施例1或2的制备方法,调整微胶囊聚合物壁材、芯材,制得不同平均直径、不同壁材与芯材配比的微胶囊,具体参数见表一。
表 一
本发明实施例9-16提供一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,由上至下包括薄膜层、弹性层、阻隔层、防锈层,采用多层共挤设备进行挤出,熔融温度控制为:薄膜层160℃-210℃,弹性层160℃-210℃,阻隔层200℃-230℃,含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层160℃-210℃。
实施例9:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为115μm。
薄膜层80μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份、低密度聚乙烯50份组成,熔融挤出温度160℃;
弹性层10μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯30份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物70份组成,熔融挤出温度210℃;
阻隔层10μm,由低密度聚乙烯20份、聚偏二氯乙烯80份组成,熔融挤出温度为200℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层15μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯70份、实施例1微胶囊30份组成,熔融挤出温度为160℃。
实施例10:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为40μm。
薄膜层10μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份、低密度聚乙烯45份、茂金属聚乙烯5份组成,熔融挤出温度160℃;
弹性层10μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯60份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物40份组成,熔融挤出温度180℃;
阻隔层10μm,由低密度聚乙烯30份、聚偏二氯乙烯70份组成,熔融挤出温度为210℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层10μm,由低密度聚乙烯80份、实施例2微胶囊20份组成,熔融挤出温度为200℃。
实施例11:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为10μm。
薄膜层1μm,由低密度聚乙烯75份、茂金属聚乙烯25份组成,熔融挤出温度170℃;
弹性层1μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯30份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物70份,熔融挤出温度200℃;
阻隔层7μm,由低密度聚乙烯10份、聚偏二氯乙烯90份组成,熔融挤出温度为220℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层1μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份,茂金属聚乙烯49份、实施例3微胶囊1份组成,熔融挤出温度为210℃。
实施例12:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为50μm。
薄膜层10μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份、低密度聚乙烯25份、茂金属聚乙烯25份组成,熔融挤出温度170℃;
弹性层10μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯20份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物80份,熔融挤出温度170℃;
阻隔层15μm,由低密度聚乙烯10份、聚偏二氯乙烯90份组成,熔融挤出温度为200℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层15μm,由茂金属聚乙烯80份、实施例4微胶囊20份组成,熔融挤出温度为170℃。
实施例13:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为280μm。
薄膜层80μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯100份组成,熔融挤出温度180℃;
弹性层70μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯40份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物60份,熔融挤出温度160℃;
阻隔层40μm,由低密度聚乙烯20份、聚偏二氯乙烯80份组成,熔融挤出温度为230℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层90μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯25份、低密度聚乙烯25份、实施例5微胶囊50份组成,熔融挤出温度为200℃。
实施例14:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为152μm。
薄膜层50μm,由低密度聚乙烯100份组成,熔融挤出温度200℃;
弹性层50μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物50份,熔融挤出温度190℃;
阻隔层2μm,由低密度聚乙烯30份、聚偏二氯乙烯70份组成,熔融挤出温度为220℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层50μm,由低密度聚乙烯25份、茂金属聚乙烯35份、实施例6微胶囊40份组成,熔融挤出温度为190℃。
实施例15:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为80μm。
薄膜层18μm,由茂金属聚乙烯100份组成,熔融挤出温度210℃;
弹性层30μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯50份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物50份,熔融挤出温度200℃;
阻隔层30μm,由低密度聚乙烯10份、聚偏二氯乙烯90份组成,熔融挤出温度为200℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层2μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯30份、低密度聚乙烯30份、茂金属聚乙烯30份、实施例7微胶囊10份组成,熔融挤出温度为180℃。
实施例16:
采用多层共挤出高阻隔防锈膜的生产设备,经过配料、预热和工艺设定,自上而下共4层,总厚度为350μm。
薄膜层100μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯60份、茂金属聚乙烯40份组成,熔融挤出温度170℃;
弹性层100μm,由线性低密度聚乙烯30份,乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物70份,熔融挤出温度200℃;
阻隔层50μm,由低密度聚乙烯10份、聚偏二氯乙烯90份组成,熔融挤出温度为210℃;
含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层100μm,由茂金属聚乙烯80份、实施例8微胶囊20份组成,熔融挤出温度为170℃。
对比例1,与实施例12相比,对比例1中,防锈层不加入实施例4含有2-甲基咪唑的微胶囊20份,直接加入2-甲基咪唑20份,其余配方和制备方法与实施例12相同。
对比例2,与实施例12相比,对比例2中,不加入实施例4含有2-甲基咪唑的微胶囊20份,也不加入2-甲基咪唑20份,其余配方和制备方法与实施例12相同。
对比例3,与实施例12相比,对比例3中,在聚乙烯中加入含有2-甲基咪唑的微胶囊30份,挤出制成50μm厚的薄膜。
实施例9-16与对比例的性能参数见表二。
表二
从表二的数据可以看出,实施例9-16含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的气相防锈膜具有非常优异的水汽和氧气隔绝能力及优异的力学性能。
对比例1中,直接加入气相防锈剂而未经过微胶囊包裹,防腐蚀能力较好,但也比含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜防腐蚀时间稍短。对比例3中单层防锈膜的强度较低,气相缓蚀能力也先对差一些,防锈时间较短。
根据以上实施例和对比例的数据,说明本发明的防锈膜配比合理,各层之间相互配合,得到防锈膜效果非常优异,同时有优异的力学性能。
以上仅为本发明的优选实施例,并非因此限制本发明的专利范围,凡是利用本发明说明书内容所作的等效结构或等效流程变换,或直接或间接运用在其他相关的技术领域,均同理包括在本发明的专利保护范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,由上至下包括薄膜层、弹性层、阻隔层、防锈层;所述薄膜层为聚乙烯;弹性层由线性低密度聚乙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物组成,按重量配比计算线性低密度聚乙烯占20-60份、乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物占80-40份;阻隔层由低密度聚乙烯和聚偏二氯乙烯组成,按重量配比计算低密度聚乙烯占10-30份、聚偏二氯乙烯90-70份;防锈层由含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊和聚乙烯组成,按重量配比计算含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊占1-50份、聚乙烯占50-99份;所述含有气相防锈剂的微胶囊从外到内依次包括壁材和芯材,且壁材和芯材不相溶,壁材包裹在芯材外,壁材是聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、明胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或几种或其单体的共聚物,芯材是2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉、苯甲酸吗啉盐、N,N-二乙氨基丙腈、苯并三氮唑、邻硝基酚二环己胺中的一种或几种,采用自由基聚合生产工艺或界面相分离生产工艺制得成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,微胶囊的平均粒径为0.5-100μm,且微胶囊粒径超过50%分布在平均粒径±10μm以内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,微胶囊的平均粒径优选为2-80μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,微胶囊的壁材和芯材重量比例为1:1~1:5。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,微胶囊的壁材是聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯腈、聚乳酸、明胶、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚二甲基硅氧烷的一种或二种组合或二种单体的共聚物;芯材是2-甲基咪唑、2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑、2-异丙基咪唑、4-(N,N-二正丁基)-胺-甲基吗啉、苯甲酸吗啉盐、N,N-二乙氨基丙腈、苯并三氮唑、邻硝基酚二环己胺中的一种或二种组合。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,气相防锈膜厚度为10-400μm,其中薄膜层厚度为1-100μm,弹性层厚度为1-100μm,阻隔层厚度为2-50μm,防锈层厚度为1-100μm。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,气相防锈膜厚度为20-350μm,其中薄膜层厚度为10-80μm,弹性层厚度为10-70μm,阻隔层厚度为10-40μm,防锈层厚度为2-90μm。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,薄膜层和防锈层采用的聚乙烯是线性低密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯、茂金属聚乙烯中的一种或几种混合,重量配比不受限制。
9.根据权利要求1-8之一所述的一种含有微胶囊的气相防锈膜,其特征在于,采用多层共挤设备进行挤出,熔融温度控制为:薄膜层160℃-210℃,弹性层160℃-210℃,阻隔层200℃-230℃,含有气相防锈剂微胶囊的防锈层160℃-210℃。
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