CN111015842A - 一种复合新材料饰面生态板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种复合新材料饰面生态板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111015842A
CN111015842A CN201911310438.9A CN201911310438A CN111015842A CN 111015842 A CN111015842 A CN 111015842A CN 201911310438 A CN201911310438 A CN 201911310438A CN 111015842 A CN111015842 A CN 111015842A
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wood
veneer
pressure
time
composite
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戴家兵
曾灵
李维虎
杨华永
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Nanning Ketian New Material Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Nanning Scisky Technology Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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    • B27—WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27D—WORKING VENEER OR PLYWOOD
    • B27D1/00—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring
    • B27D1/04—Joining wood veneer with any material; Forming articles thereby; Preparatory processing of surfaces to be joined, e.g. scoring to produce plywood or articles made therefrom; Plywood sheets
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    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
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Abstract

本发明公开一种复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，包括以下步骤：步骤一，在实木单板或科技木皮的其中一板面上铺装木质刨花或木质纤维，经冷压、热压制成木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮；步骤二，在细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面上涂胶粘剂，将制得的木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮粘贴于细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面，板坯冷压后经过热压，再在热压后的上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。本发明制得的饰面生态板，平整度较好，表面胶合强度高，含水率较低，尺寸稳定性、耐龟裂、耐冷热循环性能好，并且能够降低生产成本。

Description

一种复合新材料饰面生态板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及饰面生态板制造技术领域，具体涉及一种复合新材料饰面生态板及其制造方法。
背景技术
目前国内外市场上，生态板的饰面材料主要有：
1)厚度为0.10～0.75mm的实木单板，木种有杨木、桃花芯木、山槐花等；
2)厚度为0.2～0.6mm集成类材料，如科技木皮等；
3)厚度为1～3mm高密度纤维板。
上述饰面材料的压贴工艺为：在普通胶合板或细木工板的上、下表面通过涂胶、冷压、热压等工序，压贴形成生态板基材，在生态板基材上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。
这种压贴工艺，利用上述1)、2)两种饰面材料压贴的生态板基材，在生态板基材上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品，存在表面平整度较差、表面胶合强度较低、含水率较高，尺寸稳定性、耐龟裂、耐冷热循环性能较差等缺陷。
利用上述3)饰面材料压贴的生态板基材，在生态板基材上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品，具有甲醛污染，表面胶合强度较低，吸水厚度膨胀率较大，厚度较大，生产成本较高等问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是：提供一种复合新材料饰面生态板及其制造方法，通过该方法制得的饰面生态板，平整度较好，表面胶合强度高，含水率较低，尺寸稳定性、耐龟裂、耐冷热循环性能好，并且能够降低生产成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案是：提供一种复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，在厚度为0.10～3.2mm的实木单板或科技木皮的其中一板面上铺装与胶粘剂均匀搅拌的木质刨花或木质纤维，经冷压、热压制成木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮；
步骤二，在细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面上涂胶粘剂，将制得的木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮粘贴于细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面，板坯冷压后经过热压，再在热压后的上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。
所述的步骤一中，胶粘剂为聚氨脂胶粘剂、无醛生物质胶黏剂、脲醛胶、酚醛胶、三聚氰胺甲醛胶、防水剂、防霉剂和增粘剂的混合。
所述步骤一中，木质刨花使用胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质刨花重量的7％～35％，防水剂添加量为施胶量的0.05％～3.4％，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的0.01％～4.5％；木质纤维使用胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质纤维重量的7％～35％，防水剂添加量为施胶量的0.3％～0.6％，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的0.1％～0.4％。
所述木质刨花的过筛网尺寸在0.11×0.11～1.53×1.53mm范围内，木质刨花的含水率0％～3％，施胶后木质刨花的含水率干燥至5％～12％；所述木质纤维的粗细度在0.2～0.6mm范围内，木质纤维的含水率0％～9％。
所述木质刨花的铺装量为0.5kg/m2～3.5kg/m2，铺装厚度1mm～3mm，使用冷压机预压5s～30s，压力0.3MPa～1.5Mpa；所述木质纤维的铺装量为0.7kg/m2～3.9kg/m2，铺装厚度均匀，使用冷压机预压5s～45s，压力0.4MPa～1.3MPa。
使用木质刨花时，步骤一中的热压温度为105℃～220℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力2.2MPa～2.7MPa，时间1～10min；第二段：压力0.8MPa～1.3MPa，时间1～10min；第三段：压力0.2MPa～0.7MPa，时间1～10min；第四段：压力0.0MPa～0.2MPa，时间1～10min；使用木质纤维时，步骤一中的热压温度为110℃～210℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力1.7MPa～1.9MPa，时间5～10min；第二段：压力1.0MPa～1.2MPa，时间1～5min；第三段：压力0.7MPa～0.9MPa，时间3～6min；第四段：压力0.0MPa～0.5MPa，时间1～5min。
所述步骤二中细木工板或胶合板的单面涂胶量为100g/m2～120g/m2，冷压压力为0.4MPa～0.7MPa，时间30min～60min。
所述步骤二中细木工板或胶合板的热压温度为100℃～150℃，热压压力和时间分为三段，第一段压力0.7MPa～0.9MPa，时间3～10min；第二段压力0.3MPa～0.5MPa，时间1～10min；第三段压力0.0MPa～0.3MPa，时间1～10min，热压完毕后，放置于出板架，吹风冷却5min以上，经自然养生7天以上，进行锯边、砂光定厚，板面厚度误差在±0.1mm，经过砂光定厚后在板坯上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，热压温度105℃～210℃，压力为0.6MPa～1.0MPa，时间2～10min。
所述实木单板或科技木皮的含水率为4％～25％，实木单板木种为杨木、桉木、桃花芯木、山槐花和杂木中的一种，科技木皮木种为杨木或杂木中的一种。
本发明还提供任一项所述的制造方法制得的复合新材料饰面生态板。
本发明和现有技术相比有以下优点：
1、本发明的复合新材料饰面生态板，平整度较好，表面胶合强度高，含水率较低，尺寸稳定性、耐龟裂、耐冷热循环性能好。
2、采用聚氨脂胶粘剂、无醛生物质胶黏剂、脲醛胶、酚醛胶、三聚氰胺甲醛胶，防水剂、防霉剂、增粘剂等胶粘复合，吸水厚度膨胀率低，厚度可做到1mm以下，生产成本低。
3、复合新材料饰面生态板，做为生态板基材，表面压贴浸渍纸，耐龟裂、耐冷热循环、尺寸稳定性好，可在北方寒冷干燥或南方炎热潮湿环境使用。
4、拌胶木质刨花、木质纤维直接铺装于单板表面热压成型，单板表面无需涂胶，节省生产成本。
5、木质刨花、木质纤维，可使用枝丫材、小径材、锯末等生产废料制得，变废为宝，解决了木质原材料匮乏问题。
6、木质刨花、木质纤维复合单板，具有一定厚度，在成品厚度不变的情况下，用于复贴的细木工板或胶合板厚度减小，节省生产成本。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明做详细的说明。
实施例1
本发明复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，在厚度为2.0mm的实木单板或科技木皮的其中一板面上铺装与胶粘剂均匀搅拌的木质刨花，经冷压、热压制成木质刨花复合单板或木质刨花复合科技木皮，胶粘剂为聚氨脂胶粘剂、无醛生物质胶黏剂、脲醛胶、酚醛胶、三聚氰胺甲醛胶、防水剂、防霉剂和增粘剂的混合。木质刨花使用胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质刨花重量的30％，防水剂添加量为施胶量的3.4％，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的2.0％；木质刨花的过筛网尺寸在0.11×0.11～1.53×1.53mm范围内，木质刨花的含水3％，施胶后木质刨花的含水率干燥至5％，木质刨花的铺装量为1.5kg/m2，铺装厚度1mm，使用冷压机预压20s，压力1.0Mpa；热压温度为150℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力2.7MPa，时间5min；第二段：压力1.3MPa，时间8min；第三段：压力0.7MPa，时间5min；第四段：压力0.1MPa，时间6min；
步骤二，在细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面上涂胶粘剂，将制得的木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮粘贴于细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面，板坯冷压后经过热压，再在热压后的上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。细木工板或胶合板的单面涂胶量为120g/m2，冷压压力为0.7MPa，时间60min。热压温度为100℃，热压压力和时间分为三段，第一段压力0.7MPa，时间8min；第二段压力0.5MPa，时间6min；第三段压力0.3MPa，时间6min，热压完毕后，放置于出板架，吹风冷却5min以上，经自然养生7天以上，进行锯边、砂光定厚，板面厚度误差在±0.1mm，经过砂光定厚后在板坯上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，热压温度105℃～210℃，压力为0.6MPa～1.0MPa，时间2～10min。
实施例2
本发明复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，在厚度为2.0mm的实木单板或科技木皮的其中一板面上铺装与胶粘剂均匀搅拌的木质纤维，经冷压、热压制成木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮，胶粘剂为聚氨脂胶粘剂、无醛生物质胶黏剂、脲醛胶、酚醛胶、三聚氰胺甲醛胶、防水剂、防霉剂和增粘剂的混合。胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质纤维重量的15％，防水剂添加量为施胶量的0.3％，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的0.1％；木质纤维的粗细度在0.2～0.6mm范围内，木质纤维的含水率6％，木质纤维的铺装量为3.5kg/m2，铺装厚度均匀，使用冷压机预压30s，压力1.0Mpa；热压温度为150℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力1.7MPa，时间5min；第二段：压力1.0MPa，时间5min；第三段：压力0.7MPa，时间5min；第四段：压力0.5MPa，时间3min；
步骤二，在细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面上涂胶粘剂，将制得的木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮粘贴于细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面，板坯冷压后经过热压，再在热压后的上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。细木工板或胶合板的单面涂胶量为120g/m2，冷压压力为0.5MPa，时间45min。热压温度为100℃，热压压力和时间分为三段，第一段压力0.7MPa，时间8min；第二段压力0.5MPa，时间6min；第三段压力0.3MPa，时间6min，热压完毕后，放置于出板架，吹风冷却5min以上，经自然养生7天以上，进行锯边、砂光定厚，板面厚度误差在±0.1mm，经过砂光定厚后在板坯上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，热压温度105℃～210℃，压力为0.6MPa～1.0MPa，时间2～10min。
本发明在具体实施时，实木单板或科技木皮的含水率为20％，实木单板木种为杨木、桉木、桃花芯木、山槐花和杂木中的一种，科技木皮木种为杨木或杂木中的一种。细木工板厚度为12～18mm，长为2450～2750mm，宽为1230～1310mm，胶合板的厚度5～21mm，长为2450～2750mm，宽为1230～1310mm。
利用上述制造方法制得的复合新材料饰面生态板，平整度较好，表面胶合强度高，含水率较低，尺寸稳定性、耐龟裂、耐冷热循环性能好。通过两个实施例制得的饰面生态板的检测性能如下：
实施例1
Figure BDA0002324367840000051
Figure BDA0002324367840000061
实施例2
Figure BDA0002324367840000062

Claims (10)

1.一种复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤一，在厚度为0.10~3.2mm的实木单板或科技木皮的其中一板面上铺装与胶粘剂均匀搅拌的木质刨花或木质纤维，经冷压、热压制成木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮；
步骤二，在细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面上涂胶粘剂，将制得的木质刨花复合单板、木质刨花复合科技木皮、木质纤维复合单板或木质纤维复合科技木皮粘贴于细木工板或胶合板的上、下板面，板坯冷压后经过热压，再在热压后的上、下板面压贴浸渍纸，制得生态板成品。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述的步骤一中，胶粘剂为聚氨脂胶粘剂、无醛生物质胶黏剂、脲醛胶、酚醛胶、三聚氰胺甲醛胶、防水剂、防霉剂和增粘剂的混合。
3.根据权利要求2所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤一中，木质刨花使用胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质刨花重量的7%~35%，防水剂添加量为施胶量的0.05%~3.4%，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的0.01%~4.5%；木质纤维使用胶粘剂的施胶量为为木质纤维重量的7%~35%，防水剂添加量为施胶量的0.3%~0.6%，防霉剂添加量为施胶量的0.1%~0.4%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述木质刨花的过筛网尺寸在0.11×0.11~1.53×1.53mm范围内，木质刨花的含水率0%~3%，施胶后木质刨花的含水率干燥至5%~12%；所述木质纤维的粗细度在0.2~0.6mm范围内，木质纤维的含水率0%~9%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述木质刨花的铺装量为0.5kg/m2~3.5kg/m2，铺装厚度1mm~3mm，使用冷压机预压5s~30s，压力0.3MPa~1.5Mpa；所述木质纤维的铺装量为0.7kg/m2~3.9kg/m2，铺装厚度均匀，使用冷压机预压5s~45s，压力0.4MPa~1.3MPa。
6.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：使用木质刨花时，步骤一中的热压温度为105℃~220℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力2.2MPa~2.7MPa，时间1~10min；第二段：压力0.8MPa~1.3MPa，时间1~10min；第三段：压力0.2MPa~0.7MPa，时间1~10min；第四段：压力0.0MPa~0.2MPa，时间1~10min；使用木质纤维时，步骤一中的热压温度为110℃~210℃，热压的压力和时间分为四段，第一段：压力1.7MPa~1.9MPa，时间5~10min；第二段：压力1.0MPa~1.2MPa，时间1~5min；第三段：压力0.7MPa~0.9MPa，时间3~6min；第四段：压力0.0MPa~0.5MPa，时间1~5min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中细木工板或胶合板的单面涂胶量为100g/m2~120g/m2，冷压压力为0.4MPa~0.7MPa，时间30min~60min。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述步骤二中细木工板或胶合板的热压温度为100℃~150℃，热压压力和时间分为三段，第一段压力0.7MPa~0.9MPa，时间3~10min；第二段压力0.3MPa~0.5MPa，时间1~10min；第三段压力0.0MPa~0.3MPa，时间1~10min，热压完毕后，放置于出板架，吹风冷却5min以上，经自然养生7天以上，进行锯边、砂光定厚，板面厚度误差在±0.1mm，经过砂光定厚后在板坯上、下板面压贴浸渍胶膜纸，热压温度105℃~210℃，压力为0.6MPa~1.0MPa，时间2~10min。
9.根据权利要求1所述的复合新材料饰面生态板的制造方法，其特征在于：所述实木单板或科技木皮的含水率为4%～25%，实木单板木种为杨木、桉木、桃花芯木、山槐花和杂木中的一种，科技木皮木种为杨木或杂木中的一种。
10.一种如权利要求1～9中任一项所述的制造方法制得的复合新材料饰面生态板。
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