CN102371605A - 工字型木质单板层积材制造方法 - Google Patents
工字型木质单板层积材制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102371605A CN102371605A CN2011102944432A CN201110294443A CN102371605A CN 102371605 A CN102371605 A CN 102371605A CN 2011102944432 A CN2011102944432 A CN 2011102944432A CN 201110294443 A CN201110294443 A CN 201110294443A CN 102371605 A CN102371605 A CN 102371605A
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- veneer
- lvl
- core bar
- wood
- hot pressing
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 title abstract description 20
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 materials Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920001568 phenolic resins Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000010410 layers Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- ODGAOXROABLFNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polynoxylin Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明是工字型木质单板层积材制造方法，其工艺是将木质单板含水率调至5～15％，表面涂酚醛树脂胶或脲醛树酯胶，按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，将其锯成宽度10～45mm的芯条。将偶数层整幅单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶按顺纹方向平行组坯作层积材表面单板，将芯条竖立垂直于表面单板放置作层积材芯层，将组好的板坯经热压后获得工字型单板层积材，热压温度150～180℃，热压压力1.2～1.4MPa，热压时间15～35s/mm。该方法充分利用了的木材各向异性，不外加增强材料，可大幅度提高速生木材单板层积材的强度，产品满足我国结构用单板层积材标准的要求，且原材料利用率高，生产周期短，生产能耗低。
Description
工字型木质单板层积材制造方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种工字型木质单板层积材制造方法，属于人造板制造技术领域。 背景技术
[0002] 随着世界森林资源的减少，大径级原木日益紧缺。我国更是森林资源缺乏的国家， 森林覆盖率仅为18. 21%，人均森林蓄积量为9. 42m3，是世界平均水平的1/8，为世界上最低的国家之一。1998年中国发生特大洪灾后，政府决定禁伐天然林，在长江和黄河中上游等重点国有林区实施禁伐，并逐年调减全国木材产量。然而，随着中国住宅和基础设施建设步伐的加快，对木材的需求量不断攀升。据统计，目前我国每年木材缺口量高达1亿多立方米。如何做到既保护和培育好森林资源，改善生态环境，又能满足生产建设和人民生活对木材日益增长的需求是一个迫切需要解决的问题。大力发展和使用人工速生林是缓解中国木材资源不足的一条有效途径。
[0003] 然而，由于人工速生林木材生长速度快，存在着生长应力大、材质松软、木材强度低和尺寸稳定性差等不足，给其应用带来了困难，特别是承载要求较高的场合，如建筑、包装等行业。为了提高人工速生林木材的利用价值，可通过将原木加工成一定尺寸的单元后， 施加胶粘剂重新组合成具有一定承载能力的结构材。单板层积材（LVL)是目前常见的一种以木质单板为原料的结构材。它是将木质单板沿顺纹方向平行组坯层积胶合而成的。根据物理力学性能的不同，可分为结构用单板层积材和非结构用单板层积材。目前，生产上利用人工速生林木材制造的单板层积材由于原料本身材质较差，多数达不到结构用单板层积材质量标准的要求，只能用于家具制造和室内装修等非承重载场合，产品附加值较低。针对这一技术问题，科研人员对利用人工速生林木材制造单板层积材的增强技术进行了研究，目前主要从两方面着手，一是强化木材本身，通过将单板密实化或将单板浸渍树脂，使单板本身强度得到提高；二是添加增强材料，如在单板中夹入玻璃纤维布或碳纤维布等。采取这些措施能使单板层积材的强度有所提高，但同时也带来了生产成本大幅度提高，生产工艺复杂化等问题。
发明内容
[0004] 本发明提出的是一种工字型木质单板层积材制造方法，其目的在于针对人工速生林木材存在的缺陷，利用木材的各向异性（即木材顺纹方向的强度远大于横纹方向的强度），不外加增强材料，制造性能达到我国结构用单板层积材标准要求的工字型木质单板层积材，可用于房屋建筑和重型机电包装等领域。
[0005] 本发明的技术解决方案：该方法的工艺步骤依次分为，
[0006] (1)木质单板准备：将旋切获得的木质单板（包括整幅单板、窄长单板和碎单板） 经干燥调整含水率至5〜15%。
[0007] (2)芯条制备：将干燥后的单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶或脲醛树酯胶，单面涂胶量为150〜230g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. 0〜1. 2MPa，时间为10〜30min。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为10〜45mm的芯条，芯条的宽度根据单板层积材厚度要求确定。
[0008] (3)表面单板制备：将干燥后的整幅单板或由窄长单板拼接而成的整幅单板（即幅面尺寸达到人造板产品国家标准规定的要求）表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为 150 〜230g/m2。
[0009] (4)组坯：工字型木质单板层积材的组坯方式是上表面和下表面为按顺纹方向平行层积的偶数层整幅单板，且上下表面的单板层数相等，芯层为按顺纹方向垂直层积的芯条（即将芯条竖立垂直于表面单板放置）。根据工字型单板层积材的厚度和表面单板的厚度确定表面单板的层数和芯条的宽度。工字型木质单板层积材厚度为20〜60mm，表面单板厚度为3〜5mm。
[0010] (¾热压：将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压，热压温度为150〜180°C，热压压力为1. 2〜1. 4MPa，热压时间为15〜3k/mm。
[0011] (6)后期加工：从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到工字型木质单板层积材。
[0012] 本发明的优点：（1)利用木材各向异性的特点，将单板按顺纹方向平行和垂直正交层积，制成工字型单板层积材，充分发挥了木材顺纹强度大于横纹强度的优点，在不添加增强材料的前提下，大幅度提高速生木材单板层积材的强度，满足我国结构用单板层积材标准的要求。（¾工字型木质单板层积材的芯条可用窄长单板或碎单板制成，且热压压力小，单板压缩率低，因而，相对于按顺纺方向平行层积而成的板材而言，原材料的利用率较高。（¾由于芯条由单板按顺纹方向垂直层积而成，因而，热压过程中表层水蒸汽向板坯内部渗透的通道增加，速度加快，从而使板坯芯层温度上升较快，相比相同厚度的单板平行层积的板材而言，热压时间大幅度缩短，因而，生产效率大幅度提高，生产能耗显著下降。
附图说明
[0013] 附图是工字型木质单板层积材的结构示意图。
[0014] 图中的1是按顺纹方向平行层积的整幅单板或由窄长单板拼接而成的整幅单板， 2是按顺纹方向竖立垂直于表面单板放置的芯条。
具体实施方式
[0015] 实施例1 ：
[0016] 速生杨木单板经干燥后含水率调整至5%。在单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为150g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在l.OMPa，时间为lOmin。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为IOmm的芯条。表面选用厚度为 3mm的整幅单板，涂上酚醛树脂胶，涂胶量150g/m2。而后组坯，上下表面各按顺纹方向平行层积2层3mm厚的单板，芯条按顺纹方向垂直层积。将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压， 热压温度为150°C，热压压力为1. 2MPa，热压时间为lk/mrn。从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到厚度为20mm的工字型木质单板层积材。经检测，其静曲强度为32. 5MPa, 弹性模量为5045. 2MPa。
[0017] 实施例2:[0018] 速生杨木单板经干燥后含水率调整至10%。在单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为190g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. IMPa,时间为20min。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为20mm的芯条。表面选用厚度为 4mm的整幅单板，涂上酚醛树脂胶，涂胶量190g/m2。而后组坯，上下表面各按顺纹方向平行层积2层4mm厚的单板，芯条按顺纹方向垂直层积。将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压， 热压温度为160°C，热压压力为1. 3MPa，热压时间为2k/mm。从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到厚度为32mm的工字型木质单板层积材。经检测，其静曲强度为48. 6MPa, 弹性模量为5587. IMPa。
[0019] 实施例3:
[0020] 速生杨木单板经干燥后含水率调整至15%。在单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为230g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. 2MPa,时间为30min。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为45mm的芯条。表面选用厚度为 5mm的整幅单板，涂上酚醛树脂胶，涂胶量230g/m2。而后组坯，上下表面各按顺纹方向平行层积2层5mm厚的单板，芯条按顺纹方向垂直层积。将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压， 热压温度为180°C，热压压力为1. 4MPa，热压时间为3k/mm。从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到厚度为60mm的工字型木质单板层积材。经检测，其静曲强度为65. 8MPa, 弹性模量为6357. 4MPa。
[0021] 实施例4:
[0022] 速生杨木单板经干燥后含水率调整至10%。在单板表面涂上脲醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为230g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. IMPa,时间为30min。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为20mm的芯条。表面选用厚度为 4mm的整幅单板，涂上酚醛树脂胶，涂胶量190g/m2。而后组坯，上下表面各按顺纹方向平行层积2层4mm厚的单板，芯条按顺纹方向垂直层积。将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压， 热压温度为160°C，热压压力为1. 3MPa，热压时间为2k/mm。从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到厚度为32mm的工字型木质单板层积材。经检测，其静曲强度为45. 3MPa, 弹性模量为5M5. 3MPa。
[0023] 实施例5 ：
[0024] 速生杨木单板经干燥后含水率调整至10%。在单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为190g/m2。涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. IMPa,时间为20min。而后，将板坯锯切成宽度为20mm的芯条。表面选用厚度为 3mm的整幅单板，涂上酚醛树脂胶，涂胶量190g/m2。而后组坯，上下表面各按顺纹方向平行层积4层3mm厚的单板，芯条按顺纹方向垂直层积。将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压， 热压温度为170°C，热压压力为1. 3MPa，热压时间为2k/mm。从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到厚度为40mm的工字型木质单板层积材。经检测，其静曲强度为57. 3MPa, 弹性模量为6037. 8MPa。
Claims (1)
1.工字型木质单板层积材制造方法，其特征是该方法的工艺步骤依次分为，(1)木质单板准备：将旋切获得的木质单板经干燥调整含水率至5〜15% ；(2)芯条制备：将干燥后的单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶或脲醛树酯胶，单面涂胶量为 150〜230g/m2，涂胶后的单板按顺纹方向平行层积组坯，经冷压后获得芯条板坯，冷压压力控制在1. 0〜1. 2MPa，时间为10〜30min，而后将板坯锯切成宽度为10〜45mm的芯条；(3)表面单板制备：将干燥后的整幅单板或由窄长单板拼接而成的整幅单板表面涂上酚醛树脂胶，单面涂胶量为150〜230g/m2 ；(4)组坯：工字型木质单板层积材的组坯方式是上表面和下表面为按顺纹方向平行层积的偶数层整幅单板，且上下表面的单板层数相等，芯层为按顺纹方向垂直层积的芯条，根据工字型单板层积材的厚度和表面单板的厚度确定表面单板的层数和芯条的宽度，工字型木质单板层积材厚度为20〜60mm，表面单板厚度为3〜5mm ；(5)热压：将组好的板坯放入热压机中进行热压，热压温度为150〜180°C，热压压力为 1. 2〜1. 4MPa，热压时间为15〜35s/mm ；(6)后期加工：从热压机中取出压制好的板材，自然冷却，得到工字型木质单板层积材。 2
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| CN103101086A (zh) * | 2013-01-14 | 2013-05-15 | 王勤 | 一种复合材料夹层结构的集装箱用地板 |
| CN103128824A (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2013-06-05 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种结构用工字型集成材及其制造方法 |
| CN103128824B (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-04-01 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种结构用工字型集成材及其制造方法 |
| CN103128812A (zh) * | 2013-03-11 | 2013-06-05 | 安徽弘毅竹木科技有限公司 | 重组木床架龙骨的制造方法 |
| CN103496017A (zh) * | 2013-09-28 | 2014-01-08 | 迟秀喜 | 一种实木板及其生产方法 |
| CN104842409A (zh) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-08-19 | 黑龙江省木材科学研究所 | 一种高保真重组实木材料的制造方法 |
| CN105735559B (zh) * | 2016-01-29 | 2019-07-19 | 南京林业大学 | 一种集成材木梁及其制备方法 |
| CN105735559A (zh) * | 2016-01-29 | 2016-07-06 | 南京林业大学 | 一种集成材木梁及其制备方法 |
| CN106078944A (zh) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-09 | 梁贤录 | 一种舞台木龙骨及其制备方法 |
| CN106625960B (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-06-14 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | 一种竹木复合方柱及其制备方法 |
| CN106625960A (zh) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | 一种竹木复合方柱及其制备方法 |
| CN107009451A (zh) * | 2017-05-13 | 2017-08-04 | 福建和其昌树脂科技有限公司 | 一种速生林结构板材及其制备方法 |
| CN107283550A (zh) * | 2017-07-11 | 2017-10-24 | 浙江可信竹木有限公司 | 一种利用废料的竹木重组材复合板及其加工工艺 |
| CN109719808A (zh) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-05-07 | 南宁市邦得力木业有限责任公司 | 桉木芯制备三层复合基材板的方法 |
| CN110480764A (zh) * | 2019-09-20 | 2019-11-22 | 中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所 | 一种络合单板、络合单板复合材料及其制造方法 |
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