CN111010909A - High-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device and use method thereof - Google Patents
High-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device and use method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111010909A CN111010909A CN201911402322.8A CN201911402322A CN111010909A CN 111010909 A CN111010909 A CN 111010909A CN 201911402322 A CN201911402322 A CN 201911402322A CN 111010909 A CN111010909 A CN 111010909A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009440 infrastructure construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000020477 pH reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/04—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools
- A01B49/06—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising
- A01B49/065—Combinations of soil-working tools with non-soil-working tools, e.g. planting tools for sowing or fertilising the soil-working tools being actively driven
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B15/00—Elements, tools, or details of ploughs
- A01B15/20—Special adjusting means for tools of ploughs drawn by, or mounted on tractors working on hillsides or slopes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B49/00—Combined machines
- A01B49/02—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind
- A01B49/022—Combined machines with two or more soil-working tools of different kind at least one tool being actively driven
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C2101/00—In situ
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device and a use method thereof, wherein the device comprises a frame capable of being driven and a cab for controlling the frame, the front end of the frame is provided with a rotary blade with adjustable depth, and the maximum rotary tillage depth can reach 30 cm; a material bin is arranged on the rack, discharging is carried out through a metering rolling shaft to ensure that the fertilizing amount is accurate and uniform, and the fertilizer is uniformly mixed with soil through a stirring device and then is flattened through a leveling plate; and ditching the flattened soil by a ditching plow at the rear part of the frame. The soil improvement and restoration device has enough power, can realize the integration of deep ploughing, uniform fertilization and leveling and ditching, has adjustable rotary tillage depth, ditching depth and ditching width, saves time and labor, has high restoration efficiency, meets various planting requirements, and accords with high-standard farmland construction specifications.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device and a use method thereof.
Background
The 'national agricultural comprehensive development high-standard farmland construction demonstration project' is organized and implemented from 2009, and aims to strengthen agricultural infrastructure construction, improve agricultural comprehensive production capacity, ensure national food safety, increase farmer income and make positive contribution to the promotion of modern agricultural development and social-oriented new rural construction. Among them, soil improvement works are important as high-standard farmland construction measures including contaminated soil remediation, acidification, saline-alkali soil treatment, and the like. The existing soil improvement and restoration device is difficult to meet the construction of high-standard farmland, and has the following defects: 1. the depth of the rotary tillage can not be adjusted. 2. The fertilizer (remediation agent) and the plough layer soil are mixed unevenly. 3. The depth of ditching is not adjustable. 4. The small device has insufficient power for saline-alkali hardened soil and southern hard soil, and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defect that the existing soil improvement and restoration device cannot meet the high-standard farmland construction standard, the invention provides the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device and the use method thereof, which can realize flexible adjustment of rotary tillage and ditching depth, enable fertilizer to be uniformly mixed with soil and enable soil restoration to be more convenient.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device comprises a rack, a cab arranged on the rack, an engine for driving the rack, a gearbox, a direction wheel and a driving wheel, wherein a control console is arranged in the cab, a rotary tillage cutter is arranged at the front end of the rack, a plow frame is arranged at the rear end of the rack, and a furrow plough is arranged on the plow frame; a material bin is arranged at the upper part of the rack and positioned at the rear part of the cab; the lower part of the frame is provided with a stirring device and a harrow plate in sequence at the rear part of the driving wheel.
The rotary blade is movably connected with the frame through an adjusting rod and a depth adjusting device; the depth adjusting device is a hydraulic cylinder and is movably connected to the rack and the adjusting rod main body;
one end of the plow frame is movably connected with the frame through a depth adjusting device, a connecting groove is arranged on the plow frame main body and is movably connected with the depth adjusting device, and the other end of the plow frame is fixedly connected with the plow beam; at least 2 ditching plows capable of sliding along the plow beam main body are symmetrically arranged on the plow beam; the plow frame body is also provided with a guide groove, a width adjusting hydraulic cylinder is arranged in the guide groove, and the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder is movably connected with the furrow plough through symmetrical guide rods.
The upper part of one side of the material bin is provided with a material inlet, the bottom of the other side of the material bin is provided with a material outlet, the interior of the bin body is divided into a left part and a right part by a movably arranged partition plate, the bin body at the lower end of the partition plate is communicated, and a rolling shaft is arranged in the bin body close to the material outlet; the rolling shaft main body is provided with arc-shaped blades.
The front end of the stirring device is provided with a rotating shaft, and a spiral sheet is arranged on the rotating shaft; the tail end of the stirring device is movably connected with one end of a suspender, and the other end of the suspender is fixedly connected with the rack; the main body of the stirring device is movably connected with one end of a depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is fixedly connected with the rack; the front end of the stirring device is arranged at one side close to the driving wheel;
the harrowing plate is movably connected to the lower part of the rack to form an angle of 30-60 degrees with the ground, and is used for flattening the soil uniformly mixed with the fertilizer, so that the subsequent ditching is smoother.
The soil improvement and restoration device is electrically controlled and is controlled by a control console in a cab, so that the rotary tillage depth, the ditching width, the stirring depth and the fertilizer discharge amount are automatically adjusted. The diesel engine with 32 horsepower is used, so that the device has enough power for repairing saline-alkali hardened soil and southern hard soil.
The depth of the rotary blade and the ditching plow of the device is adjusted by a depth adjusting device (namely a hydraulic cylinder), the output is larger, the stability is high, and the rotary tillage depth can reach 30 cm; the rotating speed of the rotary tillage cutter is changed through the gearbox, and when soft cultivated land or cultivated land with more stubble and weeds is cultivated, the cutter shaft can output high rotating speed, so that cultivation time is shortened, and energy consumption is reduced; when the tillage with hard soil is tilled, the cutter shaft can output low rotating speed, and the tillage quality is improved.
The depth and width of the ditching plow of the device are adjusted through the hydraulic cylinder, and the ditching plow is movably connected to the plow beam, so that the plow body can slide left and right on the plow beam and adjust the front and back angles; the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder and the plough body are connected through the guide rod to adjust the distance between the plough bodies, so that the ditching width is adjusted, when the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder extends out, the guide rod is extruded to increase the distance between the plough bodies, and when the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder contracts, the guide rod is pulled back to reduce the distance between the plough bodies. The depth adjusting device (namely a hydraulic cylinder) is used for adjusting the plow frame up and down, so that the ditching depth of the ditching plow can be adjusted. The hydraulic cylinder with large output and high stability is adopted for adjustment, so that the stability of the adjusted ditching plow can be ensured to be high, the angle and the depth of the ditching plow are not easy to change due to overlarge stress, and the symmetrically arranged ditching plow is convenient for equidistantly adjusting the distance between plow bodies so as to adjust the ditching depth. The ditching depth of the device is adjusted in two sections, the depth adjustment is realized by adjusting the angle of the plow frame in the first section, the depth adjustment is realized by adjusting the angle of the plow body in the second section, and the adjustment precision is higher.
Two parts that form bottom UNICOM through the baffle separation in the material storehouse of this device can control the flow that fertilizer flows toward the discharge gate, and the blade of the measurement roll axis of rethread material export is scraped the ejection of compact of sending in the ration, has guaranteed quantitative discharge volume, prevents because of the too big material export of jam of material flow, makes things convenient for staff's regulation baffle degree of depth control discharge flow behind the driver's cabin is located to the material storehouse. The measuring rolling shaft of the material bin is driven by an independent motor and can be controlled by a console.
The agitating unit of this device sets up in material export below for mix the soil after material and the rotary tillage, agitating unit is the spiral stirring, forms certain angle with ground, can stir the degree of depth through the pneumatic cylinder of being connected with the agitating unit main part and adjust, is applicable to the soil improvement of different soil property.
As a further improvement of the invention, the middle part of the traction frame of the depth adjusting device is movably connected with one end of a supporting rod, the other end of the supporting rod is fixedly connected with the frame, one end of the traction frame is movably connected with the frame through a hydraulic cylinder, and the other end of the traction frame is movably connected with the adjusting rod main body or the connecting groove of the plow frame through a depth adjusting rod.
The depth adjusting device adopts a lever principle to lift or lower the rotary tillage cutter or the plow frame, so that the rotary tillage depth and the ditching depth are adjusted, the adjusting mode is simple, and the small-amplitude adjusting hydraulic cylinder can realize large-range depth adjustment.
As a further improvement of the invention, the upper part of the coulter of the ditching plow is fixed with a connecting rod, a connecting rod main body is sequentially provided with a first sleeve and a second sleeve from top to bottom, and the ditching plow is sleeved on the plow beam through the second sleeve; the guide rod is fixedly connected with a movable bearing arranged on the connecting rod body between the first sleeve and the second sleeve.
The ditching plow is sleeved on the plow beam through the sleeve, so that the plow body slides left and right and rotates front and back on the plow beam, the spacing adjustment and the angle adjustment of the plow body are realized, the ditching width is further adjusted, the guide rod is connected with the connecting rod through the movable bearing, the guide rod convenient to rotate is convenient to rotate, and the ditching width is further adjusted conveniently. The hydraulic cylinder for controlling width adjustment extends out, the extrusion guide rod pushes the spacing of the ditching plow to increase, the ditching width can be increased, the hydraulic cylinder is controlled to contract, the guide rod is retracted to reduce the spacing of the ditching plow, and the ditching width can be reduced.
As a further improvement of the invention, the ditching plow is linked by an angle adjusting beam sleeved in a first sleeve, the first sleeve is movably connected with the plow frame by an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder, and the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder is perpendicular to the angle adjusting beam.
The plough bodies are linked through the angle adjusting beam, so that the angles of the plurality of plough bodies are adjusted simultaneously, and the angle consistency of each plough body is ensured; the angle between the ditching plow and the ground is increased by controlling the contraction of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder, so that the ditching depth is further increased; conversely, the extension of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to reduce the angle between the ditching plow and the ground so as to further reduce the ditching depth.
As a further improvement of the invention, limit grooves are equidistantly arranged on one side of the partition plate, hinges are fixed on the bin body of the material bin on one side of each limit groove, and the hinges can be placed in the limit grooves to limit the height of the partition plate.
The baffle supports through the hinge and carries out height-limiting, has avoided baffle gliding under the few condition of material in the material storehouse to and the device operation in-process vibrations make the baffle gliding lead to the unstable defect of ejection of compact, and avoid the device operation in-process vibrations to lead to the baffle gliding to influence material output, make things convenient for the staff equidistance to adjust the aperture of baffle lower part UNICOM part in the material storehouse simultaneously, make fertilizer (repair the medicament) stable output. When the soil property is better, when every square soil needs a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent, pack up the hinge and insert the baffle toward the material storehouse in, make the aperture of baffle bottom reduce, then fix the position of baffle through the hinge, reduce the flow of fertilizer or repairing agent toward the storehouse body flow of material export part, then reduce the measurement roll axis rotational speed and make the arc blade scrape in the unit interval and send a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent. When the soil needing to be improved and repaired is saline-alkali hardened soil or southern hard soil, a large amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square soil, the position of the partition plate is upwards extracted and then fixed by the hinge, the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate is increased, the fertilizer or the repairing agent in the material inlet flows in a large flow rate to the bin body of the material outlet part, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft is increased, so that more fertilizer or repairing agent can be scraped in unit time of the arc-shaped blades.
Meanwhile, the use method of the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement device comprises the following steps:
s1: the starting device controls the output horsepower of the engine, the rotating speed of the rotary blade and the rotating speed of the stirring device through the gearbox, and the engine controls the driving wheels to enable the whole device to move forwards;
s2: adjusting the rotary tillage depth and the rotary speed of the rotary tillage blades according to the soil quality; the rotary tillage depth is adjusted through the depth adjusting device, the rotary tillage depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder to extend out, and the rotary tillage depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder to contract; when the operation is carried out on the cultivated land with soft soil or the cultivated land with more stubble and weeds, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade can output high rotating speed, the cultivation time is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced; when the tillage with hard tillage soil is carried out, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade can output low rotating speed, so that the tillage quality is improved;
s3: when the land needing to be improved and repaired is saline-alkali hardened soil or southern hard soil, a large amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square of soil, the partition plate is drawn upwards, the position of the partition plate is fixed through the hinge, the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate is increased, the fertilizer or the repairing agent in the material inlet flows to the bin body at the material outlet part in a large flow rate, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft is increased, so that more fertilizer or repairing agent can be scraped and conveyed by the arc-shaped blades in unit time;
s4: when the soil quality is good and a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square of soil, the hinge is folded to insert the partition plate into the material bin, so that the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate is reduced, then the position of the partition plate is fixed through the hinge, the flow rate of the fertilizer or repairing agent flowing to the bin body of the material outlet part is reduced, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft is reduced, so that a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is scraped and sent by the arc-shaped blades in unit time;
s5: the soil after the remediation agent is applied or applied is evenly mixed with the fertilizer or the remediation agent through a stirring device; when the fertilizing amount or the using amount of the repairing medicament is large, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend out, so that the angle between the rotating shaft and the ground is increased, and the stirring depth is deepened; when the fertilizing amount or the using amount of the repairing medicament is small, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1004) is controlled to contract, so that the angle between the rotating shaft and the ground is reduced, and the stirring depth is reduced;
s6: after the uniformly stirred soil is leveled by a leveling plate, ditching is carried out by a ditching plow on a plow frame; the ditching depth is adjusted by the depth adjusting device, the ditching depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder to extend out, and the ditching depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder to contract; and/or the angle between the ditching plow and the ground is increased by controlling the contraction of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder so as to further increase the ditching depth; on the contrary, the angle of the ditching plow and the ground is reduced by controlling the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder to extend out, so that the ditching depth is further reduced; s7: when the ditching width needs to be increased, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the ditching plows is increased, and the ditching depth is increased; when the ditching width needs to be reduced, the width adjustment hydraulic cylinder is controlled to be contracted, so that the distance between the ditching plows is reduced, the ditching depth is reduced, and the whole soil improvement and restoration work can be completed after ditching is completed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the soil improvement and restoration device has high horsepower, and ensures that the device has enough power for restoring saline-alkali hardened soil and southern hard soil; whole device passes through electrical control, and integrated control makes things convenient for the staff to adjust rotary tillage degree of depth, ditching width and stirring degree of depth on the control cabinet in the driver's cabin to realize high efficiency soil improvement restoration, labour saving and time saving.
2. The soil improvement and restoration device provided by the invention has the advantages that the ditching depth of the ditching plow is adjusted through the hydraulic cylinder, and the angle of the ditching plow is adjusted by the hydraulic cylinder to realize two-stage ditching depth adjustment, so that the ditching depth adjustment precision of the device is higher, the device is suitable for improving and restoring soil with different soil qualities, and the application range of the device is improved; the angle adjusting beam is utilized to realize linkage of the plurality of furrow plows, and the angle adjustment of the plurality of furrow plows is ensured to be consistent.
3. According to the soil improvement and restoration device, the spiral stirring device is used for uniformly mixing the fertilizer (restoration agent) and the soil after rotary tillage, and the stirring device can be used for adjusting the angle to realize stirring at different depths, so that the device is not suitable for soil improvement and restoration of different soil qualities, and the application range of the device is enlarged.
4. The material bin realizes two-section discharging adjustment through the partition plate and the metering rolling shaft, firstly the partition plate controls the flowing speed of fertilizer (repairing agent) in the material bin to the direction of a material outlet, and then the metering rolling shaft quantitatively scrapes and conveys the fertilizer (repairing agent) to a material port for soil repairing and improvement, so that accurate discharging is guaranteed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the plow frame of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the material bin of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a metering roll shaft of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the stirring device of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the depth adjustment device of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is an enlarged view of the structure of the connection between the furrow plough and the plough beam.
Fig. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the structure of the joint between the partition and the hinge of the invention.
Reference numerals: 1-a machine frame, 2-an engine, 3-a gearbox, 4-a cab, 5-a console, 6-a material bin, 601-a material inlet, 602-a material outlet, 603-a metering rolling shaft, 604-a clapboard, 605-a hinge, 606-a limiting groove, 607-an arc blade, 7-a rotary blade, 8-a direction wheel, 9-a driving wheel, 10-a stirring device, 1001-a suspension rod, 1002-a rotating shaft, 1003-a spiral sheet, 1004-a depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 11-a harrow flat plate, 12-a plough frame, 1201-a connecting groove, 1202-an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 1203-a width adjusting hydraulic cylinder, 1204-a plough beam, 1205-a guide rod, a movable bearing, 13-an adjusting rod, 14-a depth adjusting device, 1401-depth adjustment rod, 1402-support rod, 1403-traction frame, 1404-hydraulic cylinder, 15-furrow plough, 1501-first sleeve, 1502-second sleeve, 1503-angle adjustment beam and 1504-connecting rod.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device comprises a frame 1, a cab 4 arranged on the frame 1, an engine 2 for driving the frame 1, a gearbox 3, a direction wheel 8 and a driving wheel 9, wherein a control console 5 is arranged in the cab 4, a rotary tillage cutter 7 is arranged at the front end of the frame 1, a plow frame 12 is arranged at the rear end of the frame 1, and a furrow plough 15 is arranged on the plow frame 12; a material bin 6 is arranged at the upper part of the frame 1 and at the rear part of the cab 5; the lower part of the frame 1 is provided with a stirring device 10 and a raking plate 11 in sequence at the rear part of the driving wheel 9. The engine 2 is a diesel engine with horsepower 32 p.
The rotary blade 7 is movably connected with the frame 1 through an adjusting rod 13 and a depth adjusting device 14; as shown in fig. 6, the depth adjusting device 14 is characterized in that the middle of a traction frame 1403 of the depth adjusting device 14 is movably connected with one end of a support rod 1402, the other end of the support rod 1402 is fixedly connected with the frame 1, one end of the traction frame 1403 is movably connected with the frame 1 through a hydraulic cylinder 1404, and the other end of the traction frame 1403 is movably connected with the adjusting rod 13 through a depth adjusting rod 1401. The depth of the rotary tillage blade 7 is adjusted by driving the traction frame 1403 to adjust the depth adjusting rod 1401 up and down through the hydraulic cylinder 1404 of the adjusting device 14, so that the adjusting rod 13 is driven to adjust the position up and down, and the rotary tillage depth is adjusted.
As shown in figure 2, one end of the plough frame 12 is movably connected with a depth adjusting rod 1401 of a depth adjusting device 14 through a connecting groove 1201, and then is movably connected to a machine frame 1 through the depth adjusting device 14, the other end of the plough frame 12 is fixedly connected with a plough beam 1204 to form a T-shaped frame, and 2 furrow ploughs 15 are symmetrically arranged on the plough beam 1204. The depth of the furrowing plough 15 is also adjusted by driving the traction frame 1403 to realize the up-and-down adjustment of the plough frame 12 through the hydraulic cylinder 1404 of the adjusting device 14, so as to drive the plough beam 1204 to adjust the position up and down, and realize the furrowing depth adjustment of the furrowing plough 15.
As shown in fig. 7, a connecting rod 1504 is fixed on the upper part of the coulter of the furrow plough 15, a second sleeve 1502 is arranged on the main body of the connecting rod 1504, and the furrow plough 15 is sleeved on the plough beam 1204 through the second sleeve 1502 and can slide along the main body of the plough beam 1204 and rotate on the plough beam 1204. As shown in fig. 2, the body of the plow frame 12 is further provided with a guide groove 1207, a width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is arranged in the guide groove 1207, and the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is movably connected to the furrow plow 15 through symmetrical guide rods 1205; the guide bar 1205 is fixedly connected with the movable bearing 1206 on the rod body of the connecting rod 1504, as shown in fig. 7, the guide bar 1205 can rotate through the movable bearing 1206.
The ditching plow 15 is arranged in a sliding manner, so that the ditching width can be adjusted conveniently by adjusting the distance between the two plow bodies through the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203. The adjusting method comprises the following steps: when the ditching width is increased, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is controlled to extend out, the guide rod 1205 is extruded, the ditching plow 15 is pushed to move towards the two ends of the plow beam 1204, the plow body interval is increased, and the ditching width is increased. When the ditching width is shortened, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is controlled to contract.
As shown in fig. 3, the upper part of one side of the material bin 6 is a material inlet 601, the bottom of the other side is a material outlet 602, the interior of the bin body is divided into a left part and a right part by a movably arranged partition 604, the bin body at the lower end of the partition 604 is communicated, and a metering rolling shaft 603 is arranged in the bin body close to the material outlet 602; the measuring rolling shaft 603 is shown in fig. 4, and the main body is provided with arc-shaped blades 607.
As shown in fig. 5, a rotating shaft 1002 is arranged at the front end of the stirring device 10, and a spiral blade 1003 is arranged on the rotating shaft 1002; the tail end of the stirring device 10 is movably connected with one end of a suspender 1001, and the other end of the suspender 1001 is fixedly connected with the frame 1; the main body of the stirring device 10 is movably connected to one end of a depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1004, and the other end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1004 is fixedly connected with the frame 1; the front end of the stirring device 10 is provided on the side close to the driving wheel 9. Agitating unit 10 carries out angle modulation through degree of depth adjustment pneumatic cylinder 1004, can restore the condition of improvement soil property as required, realizes the stirring of the different degree of depth, and application scope is wide.
The harrow plate 11 is movably connected to the lower part of the frame 1 to form an angle of 30-60 degrees with the ground, and the harrow plate 11 is used for flattening the soil uniformly mixed with fertilizer (repairing agent), so that the subsequent ditching is smoother.
The use method of the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement device comprises the following steps:
s1: the starting device controls the output horsepower of the engine 2, the rotating speed of the rotary blade 7 and the rotating speed of the stirring device 10 through the gearbox 3, and the engine 2 controls the driving wheels 9 to make the whole device move forward.
S2: the rotary tillage depth and the rotary speed of the rotary tillage blades 7 are adjusted according to the soil condition; the rotary tillage depth is adjusted by the depth adjusting device 14, the rotary tillage depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 1404 to extend out, and the rotary tillage depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 1404 to contract; when the operation is carried out on the cultivated land with soft soil or the cultivated land with more stubble and weeds, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade 7 can output high rotating speed, the cultivation time is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced; when the tillage with hard tillage soil is carried out, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade 7 can output low rotation speed, thereby improving the tillage quality.
S3: when the land needing to be improved and repaired is saline-alkali hardened soil or southern hard soil, a large amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square of soil, the partition plate 604 is upwards drawn out to increase the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate, so that the fertilizer or repairing agent in the material inlet 601 flows to the bin body at the part of the material outlet 602 at a large flow rate, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft 603 is increased to enable the arc-shaped blades 607 to scrape more fertilizer or repairing agent in unit time.
S4: when the soil quality is good and a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square of soil, the partition plate 604 is inserted into the material bin 6, so that the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate 604 is reduced, the flow rate of the fertilizer or repairing agent flowing to the bin body of the material outlet 602 portion is reduced, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft 603 is reduced, so that the arc-shaped blades 607 scrape a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent in unit time.
S5: the soil after the application of the fertilizer or the remediation agent is mixed with the fertilizer or the remediation agent uniformly by the stirring device 10; when the fertilizing amount or the using amount of the repairing medicament is large, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1004 is controlled to extend out, so that the angle between the rotating shaft 1002 and the ground is increased, and the stirring depth is deepened; on the contrary, when the fertilizing amount or the repairing agent amount is small, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1004 is controlled to contract, so that the angle between the rotating shaft 1002 and the ground is reduced, and the stirring depth is reduced.
S6: after the soil after being uniformly stirred is flattened by the harrow plate 11, ditching is carried out by a ditching plow 15 on the plow frame 12; the ditching depth is adjusted through the depth adjusting device 14, the ditching depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 1404 to extend, and the ditching depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder 1404 to retract.
S7: when the ditching width needs to be increased, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the ditching plows 15 is increased, and the ditching depth is increased; when the ditching width needs to be reduced, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1203 is controlled to be contracted, so that the distance between the ditching plows 15 is reduced, the ditching depth is reduced, and the whole soil improvement and restoration work can be completed after ditching is completed.
Example 2
Compared with the embodiment 1, the soil improvement and restoration device of the embodiment is different in that:
the number of the furrow plough 15 is 3, the furrow plough 15 arranged in the middle can rotate left and right but can not slide, and the furrow plough 15 arranged at the two ends can slide and rotate; the main body of the connecting rod 1504 fixed on the upper part of the plough body is sequentially provided with a first sleeve 1501 and a second sleeve 1502 from top to bottom, and the ditching plough 15 is sleeved on the plough beam 1204 through the second sleeve 1502. The 3 ditching plows 15 are linked by an angle adjusting beam 1503 sleeved in a first sleeve 1501, the first sleeve 1501 of the middle ditching plow 15 is movably connected with the plow frame 12 through an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1202, and the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1202 is perpendicular to the angle adjusting beam 1503.
The ditching plow 15 of the embodiment can carry out secondary ditching depth adjustment, the ditching depth is adjusted through the adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1404 for the first time, the ditching plow 15 rotates along the plow beam 1204 to change the angle through the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder 1202 for the second time, so that the angle adjustment of the ditching plow 15 is realized, the angles of the three ditching plows 15 are linked through the angle adjusting beam 1503 to change, and the angle adjustment of the three ditching plows 15 is kept consistent.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 2 in that:
limiting grooves 606 are formed in one side of the partition 604 of the material bin 6 at equal intervals, hinges 605 are fixed on the bin body of the material bin 6 on one side of the limiting grooves 606, the hinges 605 can be placed in the limiting grooves 606 to limit the height of the partition 604, and the drawn-out or inserted partition 604 is fixed in position through the hinges 605.
The baffle 604 supports through hinge 605 and carries out height-limiting, has avoided baffle 604 gliding under the condition that the material is few in material storehouse 6 to and shake in the device operation process and lead to baffle 604 gliding to lead to the unstable defect of ejection of compact, make things convenient for the staff equidistance to adjust the aperture of baffle 604 lower part UNICOM's part in the material storehouse 6 simultaneously, make fertilizer (restoration medicament) stable output.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made thereto by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present invention, and such modifications and equivalents should be considered as falling within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a high standard farmland construction soil improvement prosthetic devices, includes frame (1), sets up driver's cabin (4) in frame (1), is used for engine (2), gearbox (3), direction wheel (8) and drive wheel (9) of drive frame (1), driver's cabin (4) in be equipped with control cabinet (5), its characterized in that: the front end of the frame (1) is provided with a rotary blade (7), the rear end of the frame (1) is provided with a plow frame (12), and the plow frame (12) is provided with a ditching plow (15); a material bin (6) is arranged at the upper part of the frame (1) and is positioned at the rear part of the cab (5); the lower part of the frame (1) is positioned at the rear part of the driving wheel (9) and is sequentially provided with a stirring device (10) and a raking plate (11);
the rotary tillage cutter (7) is movably connected with the frame (1) through an adjusting rod (13) and a depth adjusting device (14); the depth adjusting device (14) is a hydraulic cylinder, and the adjusting device (14) is movably connected to the frame (1) and the adjusting rod (13) main body;
one end of the plow frame (12) is movably connected with the frame (1) through a depth adjusting device (14), a connecting groove (1201) is arranged on the main body of the plow frame (12) and is movably connected with the depth adjusting device (14), and the other end of the plow frame (12) is fixedly connected with a plow beam (1204); at least 2 ditching plows (15) which can slide along the plow beam (1204) main body are symmetrically arranged on the plow beam (1204); the main body of the plow frame (12) is also provided with a guide groove (1207), a width adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1203) is arranged in the guide groove (1207), and the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1203) is movably connected with the ditching plow (15) through symmetrical guide rods (1205);
the upper part of one side of the material bin (6) is provided with a material inlet (601), the bottom of the other side of the material bin is provided with a material outlet (602), the interior of the bin body is divided into a left part and a right part by a movably arranged partition plate (604), the bin body at the lower end of the partition plate (604) is communicated, and a metering rolling shaft (603) is arranged in the bin body close to the material outlet (602); the main body of the metering rolling shaft (603) is provided with arc-shaped blades (607);
the front end of the stirring device (10) is provided with a rotating shaft (1002), and the rotating shaft (1002) is provided with a spiral sheet (1003); the tail end of the stirring device (10) is movably connected with one end of a suspender (1001), and the other end of the suspender (1001) is fixedly connected with the rack (1); the main body of the stirring device (10) is movably connected with one end of a depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1004), and the other end of the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1004) is fixedly connected with the frame (1); the front end of the stirring device (10) is arranged at one side close to the driving wheel (9);
the harrow plate (11) is movably connected to the lower part of the frame (1) to form an angle of 30-60 degrees with the ground.
2. The high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device according to claim 1, wherein: the middle part of a traction frame (1403) of the depth adjusting device (14) is movably connected with one end of a supporting rod (1402), the other end of the supporting rod (1402) is fixedly connected with a rack (1), one end of the traction frame (1403) is movably connected with the rack (1) through a hydraulic cylinder (1404), and the other end of the traction frame is movably connected with a connecting groove (1201) of an adjusting rod (13) body or a plough frame (12) through a depth adjusting rod (1401).
3. The high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device according to claim 1, wherein: a connecting rod (1504) is fixed at the upper part of a coulter of the ditching plow (15), a main body of the connecting rod (1504) is sequentially provided with a first sleeve (1501) and a second sleeve (1502) from top to bottom, and the ditching plow (15) is sleeved on a plow beam (1204) through the second sleeve (1502); the guide rod (1205) is fixedly connected with a movable bearing (1206) arranged on a rod body of the connecting rod (1504) between the first sleeve (1501) and the second sleeve (1502).
4. The high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device according to claim 3, wherein: the ditching plow (15) is sleeved with an angle adjusting beam (1503) for linkage through a first sleeve (1501), the first sleeve (1501) is movably connected with the plow frame (12) through an angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1202), and the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1202) is perpendicular to the angle adjusting beam (1503).
5. The high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device according to claim 1, wherein: spacing grooves (606) are formed in one side of the partition plate (604) at equal intervals, hinges (605) are fixed on a bin body of the material bin (6) on one side of the spacing grooves (606), and the hinges (605) can be placed in the spacing grooves (606) to limit the height of the partition plate (604).
6. The use method of the high-standard farmland construction soil improvement and restoration device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the starting device controls the output horsepower of the engine (2), the rotating speed of the rotary blade (7) and the rotating speed of the stirring device (10) through the gearbox (3), and the engine (2) controls the driving wheel (9) to enable the whole device to move forwards;
s2: the rotary tillage depth and the rotary speed of the rotary tillage blades (7) are adjusted according to the soil condition; the rotary tillage depth is adjusted by a depth adjusting device (14), the rotary tillage depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder (1404) to extend out, and the rotary tillage depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder (1404) to contract; when the operation is carried out on the cultivated land with soft soil or the cultivated land with more stubble and weeds, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade (7) can output high rotating speed, the cultivation time is shortened, and the energy consumption is reduced; when the cultivation is carried out on the cultivated land with hard cultivated soil, the cutter shaft of the rotary blade (7) can output low rotating speed, so that the cultivation quality is improved;
s3: when the land needing to be improved and repaired is saline-alkali hardened soil or southern hard soil, a large amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed in each square of soil, the partition plate (604) is upwards drawn out, the position of the partition plate (604) is fixed through the hinge (605), the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate is increased, the fertilizer or the repairing agent in the material inlet (601) flows to the bin body of the material outlet (602) part at a large flow rate, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft (603) is increased, so that more fertilizer or repairing agent can be scraped by the arc-shaped blades (607) in unit time;
s4: when the soil quality is good and a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent is needed for each square of soil, the hinge (605) is retracted to insert the partition plate (604) into the material bin (6), so that the opening degree of the bottom of the partition plate (604) is reduced, then the position of the partition plate (604) is fixed through the hinge (605), the flow rate of the fertilizer or repairing agent flowing to the bin body of the material outlet (602) part is reduced, and then the rotating speed of the metering rolling shaft (603) is reduced to enable the arc-shaped blades (607) to scrape a small amount of fertilizer or repairing agent in unit time;
s5: the soil after the application of the fertilizer or the remediation agent is mixed with the fertilizer or the remediation agent uniformly by a stirring device (10); when the fertilizing amount or the using amount of the repairing medicament is large, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1004) is controlled to extend out, so that the angle between the rotating shaft (1002) and the ground is increased, and the stirring depth is deepened; when the fertilizing amount or the using amount of the repairing medicament is small, the depth adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1004) is controlled to contract, so that the angle between the rotating shaft (1002) and the ground is reduced, and the stirring depth is reduced;
s6: after the soil after being uniformly stirred is flattened by a harrow plate (11), ditching is carried out by a ditching plow (15) on a plow frame (12); the ditching depth is adjusted by the ditching depth adjusting device (14), the ditching depth can be increased by controlling the hydraulic cylinder (1404) to extend out, and the ditching depth can be reduced by controlling the hydraulic cylinder (1404) to contract; and/or the angle between the ditching plow (15) and the ground is increased by controlling the contraction of the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1202) so as to further increase the ditching depth; on the contrary, the angle adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1202) is controlled to extend to reduce the angle between the ditching plow (15) and the ground so as to further reduce the ditching depth;
s7: when the ditching width needs to be increased, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1203) is controlled to extend out, so that the distance between the ditching plows (15) is increased, and the ditching depth is increased; when the ditching width needs to be reduced, the width adjusting hydraulic cylinder (1203) is controlled to be reduced, so that the distance between the ditching plows (15) is reduced, the ditching depth is reduced, and the whole soil improvement and repair work can be completed after ditching is completed.
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| CN111357451A (en) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-07-03 | 三门罗荣机械科技有限公司 | Multifunctional fertilizing device |
| CN111466182A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-31 | 柳州职业技术学院 | Ditching fertilization earthing all-in-one |
| CN112075151A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2020-12-15 | 塔里木大学 | Rotary-cut turnover green manure turning device for fruit planting |
| CN112219467A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-15 | 清华大学无锡应用技术研究院 | Device of sandy soil top layer flash mixed nutrition fungus soil |
| CN112813255A (en) * | 2021-01-06 | 2021-05-18 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | Method for shaping sintering charge level and sintering charge level shaping system thereof |
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| CN115380646A (en) * | 2022-09-16 | 2022-11-25 | 楚振宁 | Soil treatment device |
| CN115474452A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-16 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Mountain region ditching fertilization equipment |
| CN115518978A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-27 | 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站 | System and method for restoring acidified soil by using astragalus sinicus and quicklime |
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| CN115518978A (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2022-12-27 | 浙江省耕地质量与肥料管理总站 | System and method for restoring acidified soil by using astragalus sinicus and quicklime |
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| CN115474452A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-12-16 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Mountain region ditching fertilization equipment |
| CN115474452B (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2024-01-26 | 贵州省果树科学研究所(贵州省柑橘研究所、贵州省特色果蔬工程技术中心、贵州省火龙果研究所) | Mountain land ditching and fertilizing equipment |
| CN117256259A (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2023-12-22 | 黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Transverse ditching equipment of special caterpillar tractor for breeding |
| CN117256259B (en) * | 2023-10-08 | 2024-03-26 | 黑龙江省农业科学院玉米研究所 | Transverse ditching equipment of special caterpillar tractor for breeding |
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