CN111005215A - 一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于化纤加工技术领域，具体涉及一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：步骤1，对尼龙纤维进行清洁：将尼龙纤维浸入丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗除去尼龙纤维表面的油剂及污垢；步骤2，对尼龙纤维进行活化、敏化及催化处理；步骤3，对预处理后的尼龙纤维进行镀银，尼龙纤维表面诱发氧化还原进行，将尼龙纤维用去离子水洗净、烘干制得镀银抗菌尼龙纤维。本发明制备镀银抗菌尼龙纤维工艺方法简便高效，能够工业化连续生产，成本较低。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于化纤加工技术领域，具体涉及一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法。
背景技术：
锦纶学名聚酰氨纤维，俗称尼龙，具有强度高，耐磨性能优异，回弹性好的优点。锦纶有热定型特性，能保持住加热时形成的弯曲变形。锦纶面料以其优异的耐磨性著称，并且质地轻薄，所以它是运动衣、游泳衣、健美服、羽绒服、登山服衣料的最佳选择。随着科技的发展与进步，人们对尼龙纤维性能提出了更高的要求。通过在尼龙表面镀银可以保留纤维原有性能的同时赋予其优异的抗菌性能。
利用化学镀法制备的导电纤维表面镀层具有均匀致密的特点且纤维具有优良的导电性能，并同时具有抗菌、电磁屏蔽等性能，因而国内外一直致力于研究纤维的化学镀银工艺。目前绝大多数研究致力于其导电、抗静电方面，采用纤维表面镀银制备抗菌纤维方面研究还比较少。美国Nobel Fiber Technologies以锦纶为基体通过化学镀银制备X-Static镀银导电纤维，其具有优异的导电性能以及永久抗菌性能。2001年，日本三菱材料公司开发出镀银聚酯纤维AGposs，其直径为15～25μm，镀银层厚约0.1μm，纤维拥有较高的导电性能。我国虽然在20世纪70年代也开始了织物的化学镀银研究，市场上陆续出现了镀银纤维相关产品，但产品性能较差，总体上目前纤维的镀银工艺仍不够完善，大多数仍处于实验室研究状态下，无法连续化生产。利用化学镀银法可以制备出功能优异的镀银纤维，但镀银层较薄而无法进行持续使用，同时纤维强力在一定程度上有所下降，限制了其进一步应用。
发明内容：
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的缺点，针对现有技术中无法实现连续化生产，镀银层较薄而无法进行持续使用的缺点，在能够批量生产制造前提下，设计寻求一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，使尼龙纤维保持力学性能同时具有抗菌性能。
为了实现上述发明目的，本发明涉及的超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，对尼龙纤维进行清洁：将尼龙纤维浸入丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗除去尼龙纤维表面的油剂及污垢；
步骤2，对尼龙纤维进行活化、敏化及催化处理：将尼龙纤维浸泡在盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理；然后将氯化亚锡溶解于盐酸溶液中，配制成敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中进行敏化处理；再将活化、敏化后的尼龙纤维浸入氯化亚钯水溶液中30-80分钟，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度为100-150℃；
步骤3，对预处理后的尼龙纤维进行镀银：向硝酸银水溶液中添加氨水，溶液随之产生沉淀，继续滴加氨水直到沉淀完全消失，即为氧化液；向葡萄糖溶液中加入无水乙醇即为还原液；将经过预处理的尼龙纤维放入还原液与氧化液的混合液中，使用NaOH溶液调节混合溶液的pH为10-12，经超声处理10-120min，处理温度为20-50℃，尼龙纤维表面诱发氧化还原进行，将尼龙纤维用去离子水洗净、烘干制得镀银抗菌尼龙纤维。
本发明涉及的步骤1中，将尼龙纤维浸入质量分数为10％的丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗10-30min，然后用去离子水清洗、烘干，烘干温度设定为100-130℃。
本发明涉及的步骤2中，将尼龙纤维浸泡在浓度为0.05-0.5g/L的盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理30-60分钟，然后洗净、烘干，烘干温度100-150℃。
本发明涉及的步骤2中，将氯化亚锡溶解于0.05-0.5g/L盐酸溶液中，配制成20-35g/L的敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中30-80min，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度100-150℃。
本发明涉及的步骤2中，氯化亚钯水溶液的浓度为0.10-0.50g/L。
本发明涉及的步骤3中，配置氧化液的硝酸银水溶液浓度为10-50g/L，氨水浓度为10-30g/L；配置还原液的葡萄糖：水：乙醇的质量比为(1.5-3):(50-100):(0.5-2.5)。
本发明涉及的步骤3中，使用氧化液与还原液的质量比为(10-25):(2-15)。
本发明与现有技术相比，其制备镀银抗菌尼龙纤维工艺方法简便高效，能够工业化连续生产，在成本较低的情况下生产出的尼龙纤维抗菌效果好，且具有良好的力学性能，其原理可靠，产品质量好，能够推广使用。
具体实施方式：
下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1：
本实施例涉及的超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，对尼龙纤维进行清洁：将尼龙纤维浸入质量分数为10％丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗10min，然后用去离子水清洗、烘干，烘干温度设定为100℃，除去尼龙纤维表面的油剂及污垢；
步骤2，对尼龙纤维进行活化、敏化及催化处理：将尼龙纤维浸泡在浓度为0.1g/L的盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理60分钟，然后洗净、烘干，烘干温度100℃；然后将氯化亚锡溶解于0.1g/L盐酸溶液中，配制成浓度为20g/L的敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中30min，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度120℃；再将活化、敏化后的尼龙纤维浸入浓度为0.1g/L的氯化亚钯水溶液中40分钟，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度为100℃；
步骤3，对预处理的尼龙纤维进行镀银：向浓度为15g/L的硝酸银水溶液中添加浓度为15g/L的氨水，溶液随之产生沉淀，继续滴加氨水直到沉淀完全消失，即为氧化液；向葡萄糖溶液中加入无水乙醇即为还原液，其中葡萄糖：水：乙醇的质量比为1.5:50:1；将经过预处理的尼龙纤维放入还原液与氧化液的混合液中，氧化液与还原液的质量比为12:5，使用NaOH溶液调节混合溶液的pH为10-12，经超声处理20min，处理温度为25℃，尼龙纤维表面诱发氧化还原进行，将尼龙纤维用去离子水洗净、烘干制得镀银抗菌尼龙纤维。
实施例2：
本实施例涉及的超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，对尼龙纤维进行清洁：将尼龙纤维浸入质量分数为10％丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗20min，然后用去离子水清洗、烘干，烘干温度设定为130℃，除去尼龙纤维表面的油剂及污垢；
步骤2，对尼龙纤维进行活化、敏化及催化处理：将尼龙纤维浸泡在浓度为0.5g/L的盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理40分钟，然后洗净、烘干，烘干温度130℃；然后将氯化亚锡溶解于0.4g/L盐酸溶液中，配制成浓度为30g/L的敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中60min，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度120℃；再将活化、敏化后的尼龙纤维浸入浓度为0.4g/L的氯化亚钯水溶液中60分钟，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度为120℃；
步骤3，对预处理的尼龙纤维进行镀银：向浓度为40g/L的硝酸银水溶液中添加浓度为25g/L的氨水，溶液随之产生沉淀，继续滴加氨水直到沉淀完全消失，即为氧化液；向葡萄糖溶液中加入无水乙醇即为还原液，其中葡萄糖：水：乙醇的质量比为2:70:2.5；将经过预处理的尼龙纤维放入还原液与氧化液的混合液中，氧化液与还原液的质量比为25:14，使用NaOH溶液调节混合溶液的pH为10-12，经超声处理100min，处理温度为40℃，尼龙纤维表面诱发氧化还原进行，将尼龙纤维用去离子水洗净、烘干制得镀银抗菌尼龙纤维。
Claims (7)
1.一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，对尼龙纤维进行清洁：将尼龙纤维浸入丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗除去尼龙纤维表面的油剂及污垢；
步骤2，对尼龙纤维进行活化、敏化及催化处理：将尼龙纤维浸泡在盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理；然后将氯化亚锡溶解于盐酸溶液中，配制成敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中进行敏化处理；再将活化、敏化后的尼龙纤维浸入氯化亚钯水溶液中30-80分钟，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度为100-150℃；
步骤3，对预处理后的尼龙纤维进行镀银：向硝酸银水溶液中添加氨水，溶液随之产生沉淀，继续滴加氨水直到沉淀完全消失，即为氧化液；向葡萄糖溶液中加入无水乙醇即为还原液；将经过预处理的尼龙纤维放入还原液与氧化液的混合液中，使用NaOH溶液调节混合溶液的pH为10-12，经超声处理10-120min，处理温度为20-50℃，尼龙纤维表面诱发氧化还原进行，将尼龙纤维用去离子水洗净、烘干制得镀银抗菌尼龙纤维。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤1中将尼龙纤维浸入质量分数为10％的丙酮水溶液中，经超声水洗10-30min，然后用去离子水清洗、烘干，烘干温度设定为100-130℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，将尼龙纤维浸泡在浓度为0.05-0.5g/L的盐酸溶液中，进行表面活化处理30-60分钟，然后洗净、烘干，烘干温度100-150℃。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，将氯化亚锡溶解于0.05-0.5g/L盐酸溶液中，配制成20-35g/L的敏化液，将活化处理后的尼龙纤维浸泡在敏化液中30-80min，然后取出洗净、烘干，烘干温度100-150℃。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤2中，氯化亚钯水溶液的浓度为0.10-0.50g/L。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中，配置氧化液的硝酸银水溶液浓度为10-50g/L，氨水浓度为10-30g/L；配置还原液的葡萄糖：水：乙醇的质量比为(1.5-3):(50-100):(0.5-2.5)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种超细镀银抗菌尼龙纤维的制备方法，其特征在于：步骤3中，使用氧化液与还原液的质量比为(10-25):(2-15)。
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