CN110982029B - 一种用于水性太空革贝斯的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液及其制备方法、水性太空革贝斯及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于水性太空革贝斯的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液及其制备方法、水性太空革贝斯及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水性聚氨酯树脂乳液及其制备方法、水性太空革贝斯及制备方法,该水性聚氨酯树脂乳液包括以下原料:多元醇60~80份;多异氰酸酯10~30份;亲水扩链剂1~5份;小分子醇类扩链剂1~5份;胺类扩链剂1~5份;催化剂0.01~0.5份;成盐剂1~5份;乙醇胺和/或二乙醇胺0~3份;pH调节剂。本发明对聚氨酯树脂进行封端,有效延长了保质期,同时通过在后期添加pH调节剂,在不影响树脂本身稳定性的同时,提高了树脂在酸液中的絮凝速度,降低了后续加工过程的生产时间,提高了生产效率;使用所述聚氨酯树脂制作水性太空革贝斯,通过在后续加工中添加异氰酸酯型固化剂,能够极大地提高贝斯的剥离强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及聚合物结构设计和高分子合成领域,具体公开了一种用于水性太空革贝斯的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液及其制备方法、水性太空革贝斯及制备方法。
背景技术
太空革贝斯是合成革的一种产品,主要为无纺布上涂覆一层浆料,其特点为能够极大地保存皮革本身所具有的透气性与透湿性,而这也是普通合成革所不具备的性能。
太空革贝斯的制备工艺主要有干法工艺和湿法工艺。太空革贝斯自身透气性性能的要求较高,由于干法工艺透气性差的原因,目前大多采用湿法工艺来制备。在溶剂型的太空革贝斯制作过程中,由于使用了大量的DMF溶剂,对环境造成严重污染,同时在成品贝斯中会有大量的DMF残余,危害人的身体健康。随着社会的不断进步与人们环保意识的增强,许多发达国家已经不再进口含有DMF的合成革贝斯,而作为一个合成革生产大国,水性湿法工艺在我国受到了极大的关注。
水性湿法工艺是一种将采用水性聚氨酯树脂配制而成的浆料涂覆在基布上,浸在凝固槽中凝固得到贝斯的方法。采用水性湿法工艺制得的合成革贝斯不含有毒溶剂,环保,受到了广大消费者的喜爱。但由于太空革贝斯严苛的性能要求及水性湿法工艺发展的不成熟原因,水性太空革贝斯的发展受到了极大地限制,主要体现在耐黄变性能,剥离强度和抗曲挠性能方面。
专利CN106947048A公布了一种用于制备水性服装革贝斯的水性聚氨酯的制备方法,由该方法制备的水性聚氨酯树脂制备的服装革手感柔软,且树脂絮凝效果较好,但该树脂没有用含有活性基团的小分子进行封端,其应用配方中也无法加入固化剂来提高贝斯性能,因而只能用于制备剥离强度要求较低的服装革贝斯。
针对水性湿法太空革贝斯,需要开发一种在凝固液中凝固效果好,耐黄变,且具有高剥离强度和抗曲挠性能的树脂。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于针对现有技术的不足,提供了一种用于制备耐黄变水性太空革贝斯的水性聚氨酯树脂,该水性聚氨酯树脂具有优异的絮凝效果,同时保质期时间长,在存储较长时间后仍然具有很好的絮凝效果。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种太空革贝斯,由本发明水性聚氨酯树脂制备,该太空革贝斯透气性良好、耐黄变、剥离强度高、抗常低温曲挠性能优异。
本发明是通过包括以下技术方案实现上述发明目的的:
一种水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,由包括以下重量份的原料组分制备得到:
所述多元醇分子量为1000~2500,优选1500~2500,优选地,所述多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇、聚环氧乙烷多元醇、聚环氧丙烷多元醇和聚硅氧烷多元醇中的任意一种或几种。
优选地,所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、1,6-己二异氰酸酯、二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲基环己基二异氰酸酯中的任意一种或几种。
优选地,所述亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基戊酸和二羟甲基辛酸中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,所述小分子醇类扩链剂为乙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、甘油、山梨醇、三羟甲基丙烷、二羟甲基环己烷中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,所述胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、丙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、己二胺、对苯二胺中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,所述催化剂选为有机铋催化剂,例如异辛酸铋、月桂芁酸铋、新癸酸铋等,优选有机铋Coscat83、有机铋1610、有机铋2010、有机铋2810、有机铋2808中的任意一种或多种。
优选地,所述成盐剂包括三乙胺、氨水和氢氧化钠中的任意一种或者多种。
优选地,所述小分子类封端剂为乙醇胺和/或二乙醇胺。
优选地,所述pH调节剂为氨水和/或2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇。
本发明还涉及一种制备所述的用于水性太空革贝斯的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液的方法,包括以下步骤:
所述多元醇和所述多异氰酸酯在80~95℃下反应达到理论NCO含量,再加入所述亲水扩链剂和所述小分子醇类扩链剂在75~85℃下反应1.5~2.5h;然后加入所述催化剂,在65~75℃下反应2~3h,降温至-5~5℃加入所述成盐剂中和5~10min;加水分散5~10min后再加入所述胺类扩链剂搅拌5~20min,减压蒸馏,加入所述小分子类封端剂和pH调节剂,调节pH值为9以上,优选9~11,即得所述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液。
优选地,在反应过程中加入丙酮调整反应溶液的粘度。丙酮的添加量可由本领域技术人员根据反应需要酌情添加。所述丙酮在减压蒸馏阶段被蒸馏除去。
优选地,所述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液的固含量为45~50%。
本发明的水性聚氨酯树脂的制备过程中采用了小分子封端剂,使得合成的水性聚氨酯乳液存储较长时间后仍可在絮凝液中快速絮凝,保质期时间可达一年以上,制备结束后将pH值调节至合适的范围,使得所述水性聚氨酯乳液在絮凝液中能够快速絮凝,提高生产效率。
本发明还涉及如上述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液在制备水性太空革贝斯的湿法工艺的应用。
制备所述水性太空革贝斯发泡浆料的原料包括如下重量份:
优选地,所述水性太空革贝斯的湿法工艺包括以下步骤:
(1)首先,在100份上述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液中加入900~1500份水,配制成浸渍液,用浸渍液浸透无纺布,在辊涂机上零间隙挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固槽中的凝固液进行凝固,5-8min后取出无纺布水洗并在60~110℃烘箱烘干;
(2)其次,将100份上述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液在500-800转/分钟的高速剪切下加入5.0-10.0份填充粉体、3-6份稳泡剂,发泡至原体积的1.1-1.3倍,再加入1-2份固化剂、1-2份增稠剂搅拌5-15min,即得发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布表面熨烫平整,然后在无纺布涂覆上步骤(2)的发泡浆料,优选涂覆的厚度为0.8~1mm,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中的凝固液浸渍3~5min,使水性聚氨酯破乳并与填充粉体形成多孔填充物,然后通过水洗槽清洗,置于100-120℃的烘箱中烘1-1.5h,获得水性太空革贝斯。
所述水性太空革贝斯的湿法工艺步骤(2)中,填充粉体可以是高岭土、木质粉;稳泡剂是十二烷基硫酸钠复合稳泡剂(F40等)、硬脂酸盐类稳泡剂(STA等)、硅树脂聚醚类稳泡剂(EPP112等)、非离子聚醚类稳泡(Brij系列等);固化剂是异氰酸酯类固化剂(166,2794等)、氮丙啶类固化剂(CX-100等),固化剂优选异氰酸酯类固化剂;增稠剂是高剪(U300等)或中高剪类增稠剂(U505等)。
所述凝固液为草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸水溶液中的一种或几种,所述凝固液的质量浓度为1%-5%。
步骤(3)中所述涂覆优选单面涂覆。
将本发明的水性聚氨酯树脂用于水性太空革贝斯,剥离强度高,耐黄变,耐常低温曲挠性能佳,且环保无污染。
本发明有益效果为:
本发明采用对所述聚氨酯树脂进行封端的形式,有效地延长了该树脂的保质期,同时通过在后期添加pH调节剂,在不影响树脂本身稳定性的同时,提高了树脂在酸液中的絮凝速度,降低了后续加工过程的生产时间,提高了生产效率;使用所述聚氨酯树脂制作水性太空革贝斯,通过在后续加工中优选添加异氰酸酯型固化剂,能够极大地提高贝斯的剥离强度。同时,该太空革贝斯不含苯系物、DMF等有机溶剂,避免对环境的污染和人体健康的危害,且满足人们的需求。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例进一步阐述本发明。应理解,实施例仅用于说明本发明,而非限制本发明的范围。
产品性能测试方法:
革样的剥离强度依照国标QB/T2711-2005测试,
常低温曲挠性能依照国标QB/T2714-2005测试,
耐黄变等级依据鞋类革测试方法HG/T3689-2001测试。
涂覆的发泡层絮凝时间测试方法为:将涂覆的布样放入含有1%草酸的絮凝槽中,开始计时,当絮凝完全后(表面用手指轻压无压痕),停止计时。
水性聚氨酯乳液保质期测试方法为:将水性聚氨酯乳液放置常温环境中,存储一年,将水性聚氨酯乳液按照配方配成发泡浆料,在含有1%草酸的絮凝槽中进行絮凝,观察絮凝时间。
原料来源:
聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇:日本三菱化工,工业品
二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯:万华化学集团股份有限公司,工业品
二羟甲基丁酸:百灵威科技有限公司,分析纯
乙二醇:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
有机铋Coscat83:美国领先化学公司,分析纯
三乙胺:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
乙二胺:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
乙醇胺:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
二乙醇胺:上海阿拉丁生化科技有限公司,分析纯
高岭土:内蒙古清水河县首昌高岭土厂,工业级
木质粉:德国瑞登梅尔公司,工业级
F40:赢创化学有限公司,工业级
P112:赢创化学有限公司,工业级
U505:万华化学集团有限公司,工业级
U300:万华化学集团有限公司,工业级
166:万华化学集团有限公司,工业级
实施例1
水性聚氨酯树脂乳液制备:
将80g的聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇(分子量为2000)在105℃脱水1h,然后降温至50℃,加入15g的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温至90℃保温反应3小时,测定NCO含量,达到理论值后降温至50℃,然后加入2g二羟甲基丁酸、1.5g乙二醇在80℃下反应2h,降温至50℃,然后加入0.2g有机铋Coscat83和2ml丙酮调整粘度,在70℃下反应2.5h,然后降温至0℃,加入2.32g的三乙胺进行中和,中和10min后,高速剪切下加入130g去离子水,分散7min,然后缓慢加入2g的乙二胺反应10min,减压蒸馏除去体系中的丙酮,加入0.3g二乙醇胺,同时加入2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇调节pH值为9即得到水性聚氨酯树脂乳液1。
水性革贝斯制备:
(1)在100g上述聚氨酯乳液1中加入900g水,配制成浸渍液浸透无纺布,通过辊涂机零间隙挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固槽中质量浓度为1%的草酸水溶液进行凝固,5min后取出无纺布水洗并烘干;
(2)将100g上述水性聚氨酯乳液1在500转/分钟的高速剪切下加入8g高岭土、3gF40,发泡至原体积的1.2倍,再加入2g166、1gU300搅拌5min,得到发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布烫平,然后在无纺布上单面涂覆上发泡浆料厚度约1mm,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中质量浓度为1%的草酸水溶液进行凝固,使水性聚氨酯破乳并与填充粉体形成多孔填充物,然后通过水洗槽清洗,然后置于100℃的烘箱中烘1.5h,获得水性太空革贝斯样品。
实施例2
水性聚氨酯树脂乳液的制备:
将60g的聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇(分子量为2000)和20g的聚环氧丙烷多元醇(分子量为2000)在120℃脱水1h,然后降温至50℃,加入20g的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,升温至90℃保温反应3小时,测定NCO含量,达到理论值后降温至50℃,然后加入3g二羟甲基丁酸、2g乙二醇在80℃下反应2h,降温至50℃,然后加入0.2g有机铋Coscat83和2ml丙酮调整粘度,在70℃下反应2.5h,然后降温至0℃,加入2.32g的三乙胺进行中和,中和10min后,高速剪切下加入135g去离子水,分散5min,然后缓慢加入1.5g的乙二胺,反应20min,减压蒸馏除去体系中的丙酮,加入0.2g乙醇胺,同时加入2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇调节pH值为11,即得到水性聚氨酯树脂乳液2。
水性革贝斯制备:
(1)在100g上述聚氨酯乳液2中加入900g水,配制成浸渍液浸透无纺布,通过辊涂机零间隙挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固槽中质量浓度为1%的草酸水溶液进行凝固,5min后取出无纺布水洗并烘干;
(2)将100g上述水性聚氨酯乳液2在800转/分钟的高速剪切下加入6g高岭土、4gF40,发泡至原体积的1.1倍,再加入1.5g166(万华化学)、1gU300(万华化学)搅拌5min,得到发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布烫平,然后在无纺布上单面涂覆上发泡浆料厚度约1mm,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中质量浓度为2%的草酸水溶液进行凝固,使水性聚氨酯破乳并与填充粉体形成多孔填充物,然后通过水洗槽清洗,然后置于120℃的烘箱中烘1h,获得水性太空革贝斯样品。
实施例3
水性聚氨酯树脂乳液制备:
将80g的聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇(分子量为1500)在100℃脱水2h,然后降温至50℃,加入5g的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和15g的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温至85℃保温反应3.5小时,测定NCO含量,达到理论值后降温至50℃,然后加入2g二羟甲基戊酸、1.5g1,4-丁二醇在80℃下反应2h,降温至50℃,然后加入0.25g有机铋Coscat83和4ml丙酮调整粘度,在75℃下反应2h,然后降温至0℃,加入2.32g的三乙胺进行中和,中和10min后,高速剪切下加入125g去离子水,分散10min,然后缓慢加入1g的乙二胺,反应15min,减压蒸馏除去体系中的丙酮,加入0.3g乙醇胺,同时加入2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇调节pH值为10,即得到水性聚氨酯树脂乳液3。
水性革贝斯制备:
(1)在100g上述聚氨酯乳液3中加入900g水,配制成浸渍液浸透无纺布,通过辊涂机零间隙挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固槽中质量浓度为5%的乙酸水溶液进行凝固,5min后取出无纺布水洗并烘干;
(2)将100g上述水性聚氨酯乳液3在800转/分钟的高速剪切下加入8g木质粉、4gP112,发泡至原体积的1.2倍,再加入2g166、1.1gU505,搅拌5min,得到发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布烫平,然后在无纺布上单面涂覆上发泡浆料厚度约1mm,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中质量浓度为5%的乙酸水溶液进行凝固,使水性聚氨酯破乳并与填充粉体形成多孔填充物,然后通过水洗槽清洗,然后置于110℃的烘箱中烘1h,获得水性太空革贝斯样品。
对比例1
水性聚氨酯树脂乳液制备:
将80g的聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇(分子量为1500)在100℃脱水2h,然后降温至50℃,加入5g的异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和15g的二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,升温至85℃保温反应3.5小时,两小时测定NCO含量,达到理论值后降温至50℃,然后加入2g二羟甲基戊酸、1.5g 1,4-丁二醇在80℃下反应2h,降温至50℃,然后加入0.25g有机铋Coscat83和4ml丙酮调整粘度,在75℃下反应2h,然后降温至0℃,加入2.32g的三乙胺进行中和,中和10min后,高速剪切下加入125g去离子水,分散10min,然后缓慢加入1g的乙二胺,反应15min,减压蒸馏除去体系中的丙酮,即得到水性聚氨酯树脂乳液4。
水性革贝斯制备:
(1)在100g上述聚氨酯乳液4中加入900g水,配制成浸渍液浸透无纺布,通过辊涂机零间隙挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固槽中质量浓度为1%的草酸水溶液进行凝固,5min后取出无纺布水洗并烘干;
(2)将100g上述水性聚氨酯乳液4在800转/分钟的高速剪切下加入8g木质粉、4gP112,发泡至原体积的1.2倍,再加入2g166、1.5gU505搅拌5min,得到发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布烫平,然后在无纺布上单面涂覆上发泡浆料厚度约1mm,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中质量浓度为5%的乙酸水溶液进行凝固,使水性聚氨酯破乳并与填充粉体形成多孔填充物,然后通过水洗槽清洗,然后置于110℃的烘箱中烘1h,获得水性太空革贝斯样品。
测试结果
根据轻工行业标准对由实施例1至3、对比例1制备的水性聚氨酯树脂制备的水性太空革贝斯样品进行性能测试。表1为由实施例1至3、对比例1获得的水性聚氨酯树脂制备的水性太空革贝斯样品的性能检测结果。
表1
对由实施例1至3、对比例1获得的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液按照实施例1制备发泡浆料,对发泡浆料的絮凝时间进行测试,结果如表2。
表2
样品 | 实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 对比例1 |
絮凝时间 | 3~5min | 3~5min | 3~5min | 6~8min |
由实施例1至3、对比例1获得的水性聚氨酯树脂在常温存储一年后,按照实施例1太空革贝斯的发泡浆料进行配浆,发现由实施例1至3所获得的水性聚氨酯树脂配制的浆料均可在5min内絮凝完全,而由对比例1获得的水性聚氨酯树脂配制的浆料发现20min后仍无法完全絮凝。
以上所述,仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并非对本发明任何形式上和实质上的限制,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员,在不脱离本发明方法的前提下,还将可以做出若干改进和补充,这些改进和补充也应视为本发明的保护范围。凡熟悉本专业的技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下,当可利用以上所揭示的技术内容而做出的些许更动、修饰与演变的等同变化,均为本发明的等效实施例;同时,凡依据本发明的实质技术对上述实施例所作的任何等同变化的更动、修饰与演变,均仍属于本发明的技术方案的范围内。
Claims (15)
3.如权利要求1或2所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述多元醇的分子量为1000~2500。
4.如权利要求3所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述多元醇的分子量为1500~2500。
5.如权利要求3所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述多元醇为聚四氢呋喃醚多元醇、聚环氧乙烷多元醇、聚环氧丙烷多元醇和聚硅氧烷多元醇中的一种或多种。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述多异氰酸酯为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯,1,6-己二异氰酸酯,二环己基甲烷二异氰酸酯,甲基环己基二异氰酸酯中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述亲水扩链剂为二羟甲基丙酸、二羟甲基丁酸、二羟甲基戊酸和二羟甲基辛酸中的一种或多种;
所述小分子醇类扩链剂为乙二醇、2-甲基-1,3-丙二醇、1,4-丁二醇、2,3-丁二醇、1,6-己二醇、新戊二醇、二甘醇、甘油、山梨醇、三羟甲基丙烷、二羟甲基环己烷中的一种或多种。
8.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述胺类扩链剂为乙二胺、丙二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、己二胺、对苯二胺中的一种或多种。
9.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述成盐剂包括三乙胺、氨水和氢氧化钠中的一种或者多种。
10.如权利要求1-2任一项所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述pH调节剂为氨水和/或2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇。
11.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:加入pH调节剂调节pH值为9~11。
12.根据权利要求1所述的水性聚氨酯树脂乳液,其特征在于:所述水性聚氨酯树脂乳液的固含量为45~50%。
14.如权利要求13所述的水性太空革贝斯的制备方法,包括:
(1)100份水性聚氨酯树脂乳液与900~1500份水配制成浸渍液,用浸渍液浸透无纺布,挤压出多余的浸渍液,然后通过凝固液进行凝固,水洗并烘干;
(2)将100份水性聚氨酯树脂乳液在高速剪切下加入5-10份填充粉体、3-6份稳泡剂,发泡至原体积的1.1-1.3倍,再加入1-2份固化剂、1-2份增稠剂搅拌,即得发泡浆料;
(3)将步骤(1)处理过的无纺布表面熨烫平整,然后在无纺布涂覆上步骤(2)的发泡浆料,然后将涂覆发泡浆料的无纺布通过凝固槽中的凝固液浸渍,然后水洗,烘干,获得水性太空革贝斯。
15.根据权利要求14所述的制备方法,其中,步骤(3)中,发泡浆料在无纺布上涂覆的厚度为0.8~1mm。
Priority Applications (1)
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