CN110981619A - Special organic fertilizer for watermelons and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special organic fertilizer for watermelons and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110981619A CN110981619A CN201911139145.9A CN201911139145A CN110981619A CN 110981619 A CN110981619 A CN 110981619A CN 201911139145 A CN201911139145 A CN 201911139145A CN 110981619 A CN110981619 A CN 110981619A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a preparation method thereof. The organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 62-84 parts of rapeseed cakes, 63-75 parts of humic acid, 35-61 parts of amino acid, 42-63 parts of urea, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 53-65 parts of calcium phosphate, 75-85 parts of attapulgite, 540-600 parts of plant ash and 78-91 parts of neem residue cakes. The organic fertilizer does not contain any hormone, and is a green organic fertilizer. The rapeseed cake contains higher elements such as protein, amino acid, manganese, zinc, copper and the like, which are beneficial to providing necessary nutrient elements for the growth of the watermelon, and the addition of the neem residue cake can inhibit the occurrence and spread of underground diseases and insect pests, soil-borne diseases and the like. Therefore, the organic fertilizer prepared by the invention not only can provide necessary nutrients for plant growth and development and improve soil structure, but also can inhibit underground diseases, and has the function of fertilizer and pesticide integration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of agricultural fertilizers, and relates to a special organic fertilizer for watermelons and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The large use of chemical fertilizers in watermelon cultivation causes the soil environment to be deteriorated, the organic matter content in the soil is reduced, the proportion of various nutrients is disordered, the soil starts to be acidified and hardened, the physical and chemical properties of the soil and the microbial community of the soil are seriously damaged, so that the water retention, fertilizer retention and air permeability of the soil are poor, the actual growth needs of the watermelon are difficult to meet, and the cultivated watermelon has weak disease resistance, low yield and poor quality.
After the chemical fertilizer enters the farmland, the actual utilization rate is only 30 percent on average, most of the chemical fertilizer flows into rivers and lakes along with the drainage of the farmland or remains in soil, plants and crops, so that the environmental pollution is caused, the life safety and health of human beings are harmed, meanwhile, the cost of the chemical fertilizer is high, and the economic burden is brought to users engaged in watermelon cultivation.
Some of these have been barriers to sustainable green healthy development of watermelons, which can be improved by applying organic fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The fertilizer aims to solve the problems of weak disease resistance, low yield, poor quality and the like of the current watermelon fertilizer after being applied in a large amount, and the problems of soil deterioration, human health hazard, environmental pollution and the like caused by excessive use of the fertilizer. The invention aims to provide an organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a preparation method thereof.
The invention provides an organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a preparation method thereof.
The fertilizer special for the transplanting and planting period of the watermelons comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight and a preparation method:
62-78 parts of rapeseed cakes, 63-75 parts of humic acid, 35-61 parts of amino acid, 42-65 parts of urea, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 53-62 parts of calcium phosphate, 75-87 parts of attapulgite, 540-580 parts of plant ash and 78-91 parts of neem residue cakes.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing 62-78 parts of rapeseed cakes, putting the crushed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the crushed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 3-7 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 10-18 days, and stored for later use after full fermentation;
step two: respectively weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cake according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products, and standing for later use;
step three: and fully stirring and mixing the fermented product and the crushed product, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation after mixing, wherein the particle size of the granulated particles is 2-5 mm, and drying until the water content is below 28% to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.
The special fertilizer for the watermelon expansion period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight and a preparation method:
62-84 parts of rapeseed cakes, 63-75 parts of humic acid, 35-61 parts of amino acid, 42-63 parts of urea, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 53-65 parts of calcium phosphate, 75-85 parts of attapulgite, 540-600 parts of plant ash and 78-91 parts of neem residue cakes.
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing 62-84 parts of rapeseed cakes, putting the crushed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the crushed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 4-9 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 9-15 days, and stored for later use after full fermentation;
step two: respectively weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cake according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products, and standing for later use;
step three: and (3) conveying the mixture of the fermented materials and the crushed materials into a horizontal mixer (continuous type), and pushing the powdery organic fertilizer out from a discharge hole after the mixer achieves the aim of uniform mixing.
The application method comprises the following steps:
the watermelon is transplanted for the first time after the watermelon is transplanted for a fixed value, and is applied again in the fruit expanding period. Applying 5-8kg of watermelon granular organic fertilizer to each mu of watermelon in a watermelon garden before field planting of watermelons, transplanting seedlings, and applying 3E-E of watermelon powder organic fertilizer with water in a fruit expansion period
5 kg/mu, or 25-30 g/plant.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following excellent effects:
(1) the rapeseed cake contains higher elements such as protein, amino acid, manganese, zinc, copper and the like, is beneficial to providing necessary nutrient elements for the growth of the watermelon, improving the taste of the watermelon, increasing the sugar content of the watermelon, recovering the original taste and improving the commodity value.
(2) The organic matters in the fertilizer can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, so that the soil becomes loose and soft, the water and fertilizer retention performance is enhanced, the water, steam and heat are more coordinated, the soil hardening is reduced, the root system development is promoted, and the purpose of increasing the yield and income is finally achieved.
(3) The neem residue cake is rich in N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S and other elements, can be used as an excellent organic fertilizer to provide sufficient nutrients for watermelons, can also adjust beneficial microbial flora in soil, and has a poisoning effect on nematodes, so that the fertilizer has the characteristics of plant-source pesticides.
(4) By applying the fertilizer, the dominant population of beneficial organisms can be formed around the watermelon root system, the occurrence of watermelon diseases can be inhibited and reduced, the times of medication and control can be reduced, and the investment can be reduced.
(5) The watermelon fertilizer prepared by the invention has the advantages of soil improvement, benefit for human health, low cost, strong disease resistance of the cultivated watermelon, high yield, good quality and the like.
Fourth, detailed description of the invention
The technical solutions in the present invention are described clearly and completely below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a few embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the invention provides an organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a preparation method thereof.
The fertilizer special for the transplanting and planting period of the watermelons comprises the following raw materials and preparation: 63kg of rapeseed cakes, 45kg of humic acid, 74kg of amino acid, 65kg of urea, 28kg of potassium chloride, 53kg of calcium phosphate, 75kg of attapulgite, 550kg of plant ash and 78kg of neem residue cakes.
The preparation method comprises the steps of ① smashing 63kg of rapeseed cakes, putting the smashed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the smashed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 9 days, then fermented at a temperature of 38-45 ℃ for 11 days, and fully fermented for later use, ② weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cakes according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products for later use, ③ fully stirring and mixing the fermented product and the ground product, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, wherein the particle size of the granulated particles is 2-5 mm, and drying the particles until the water content is below 28% to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.
The special fertilizer for the watermelon expansion period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight and a preparation method: 70kg of rapeseed cakes, 45kg of humic acid, 90kg of amino acid, 42kg of urea, 35g of potassium chloride, 64kg of calcium phosphate, 75kg of attapulgite, 600kg of plant ash and 78kg of neem residue cakes.
The preparation method comprises the steps of ① smashing 80kg of rapeseed cakes, putting the smashed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the smashed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 6 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 15 days, and fully fermented for later use, ② weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cakes according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products for later use, ③ conveying a mixture of the fermented materials and the ground materials which are stirred into a horizontal mixer (continuous type), and pushing out powdery organic fertilizer from a discharge hole after the mixer achieves the purpose of uniform mixing.
Applying 7 kg/mu of watermelon special granular organic fertilizer in soil before transplanting and field planting of watermelons, uniformly mixing the fertilizers, then transplanting seedlings, applying 5 kg/mu of watermelon special powdery organic fertilizer in the fruit expanding period of watermelons, flushing with water after application, applying once every 7 days on average, and applying 3 times in total. The common fertilizer and the dried chicken manure are applied by the same local application habit.
A field test of one year is carried out in 3 mu watermelon orchard in county of Shaanxi, 1 mu of garden is set for each treatment, and the test results are shown in Table 1. As can be seen from the table, the application of the organic fertilizer special for the watermelon can improve the biological yield of the watermelon. The vigorous vegetative growth of the watermelon creates conditions for improving the economic yield. The increase of the number and the expansion degree of the leaves can improve the photosynthesis of plants, increase the accumulation of dry matters, increase the growth and the thickening of the main tendrils, improve the transportation efficiency of nutrient substances and further obtain the yield increasing effect.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilizers on agronomic traits of watermelon in swelling period
Example two:
the invention provides an organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a preparation method thereof.
The fertilizer special for the transplanting and planting period of the watermelons comprises the following raw materials and preparation: 63kg of rapeseed cakes, 45kg of humic acid, 74kg of amino acid, 65kg of urea, 28kg of potassium chloride, 53kg of calcium phosphate, 75kg of attapulgite, 550kg of plant ash and 78kg of neem residue cakes.
The preparation method comprises the steps of ① smashing 63kg of rapeseed cakes, putting the smashed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the smashed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 9 days, then fermented at a temperature of 38-45 ℃ for 11 days, and fully fermented for later use, ② weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cakes according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products for later use, ③ fully stirring and mixing the fermented product and the ground product, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, wherein the particle size of the granulated particles is 2-5 mm, and drying the particles until the water content is below 28% to obtain the finished organic fertilizer.
The special fertilizer for the watermelon expansion period comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight and a preparation method: 70kg of rapeseed cakes, 45kg of humic acid, 90kg of amino acid, 42kg of urea, 35g of potassium chloride, 64kg of calcium phosphate, 75kg of attapulgite, 600kg of plant ash and 78kg of neem residue cakes.
The preparation method comprises the steps of ① smashing 80kg of rapeseed cakes, putting the smashed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the smashed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 6 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 15 days, and fully fermented for later use, ② weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cakes according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products for later use, ③ conveying a mixture of the fermented materials and the ground materials which are stirred into a horizontal mixer (continuous type), and pushing out powdery organic fertilizer from a discharge hole after the mixer achieves the purpose of uniform mixing.
Applying 7 kg/mu of special granular organic fertilizer for watermelons in soil before transplanting and field planting of watermelons, and uniformly mixing the fertilizer and then transplanting seedlings. Applying 5 kg/mu of powdery organic fertilizer special for watermelons in the fruit expanding period of the watermelons, and flushing the watermelons with water after the application, wherein the powdery organic fertilizer is applied once every 7 days on average and is applied for 3 times in total. The common fertilizer and the dried chicken manure are applied by the same local application habit.
A field test of one year is carried out in 6 mu watermelon orchard in Typha city of Shaanxi, each plot is provided with 2 mu of garden, and the test results are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from the table, the yield of the plot using the organic fertilizer special for watermelon is highest, the yield is increased by 16.3% relative to the dried chicken manure, and the yield is increased by 5.5% relative to the common fertilizer.
Table 2 influence of different fertilizers in Typha of Shanxi on watermelon yield
Claims (4)
1. The invention provides a special organic fertilizer for watermelons and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special organic fertilizer comprises a special fertilizer for a watermelon transplanting and planting period and a special fertilizer for a watermelon expansion period:
the special fertilizer for the transplanting and planting period of the watermelons comprises the following raw materials:
62-78 parts of rapeseed cake, 63-75 parts of humic acid, 35-61 parts of amino acid, 42-65 parts of urea, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 53-62 parts of calcium phosphate, 75-87 parts of attapulgite, 540-580 parts of plant ash and 78-91 parts of neem residue cake
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing 62-78 parts of rapeseed cakes, putting the crushed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the crushed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 3-7 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 10-18 days, and stored for later use after full fermentation;
step two: respectively weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cake according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products, and standing for later use;
step three: fully stirring and mixing the fermented product and the crushed product, adding the mixture into a granulator for granulation, wherein the particle size of the granulated particles is 2-5 mm, and drying the particles until the water content is below 28 percent to obtain the finished organic fertilizer
The special fertilizer for the watermelon expansion period comprises the following raw materials: 62-84 parts of rapeseed cakes, 63-75 parts of humic acid, 35-61 parts of amino acid, 42-63 parts of urea, 25-35 parts of potassium chloride, 53-65 parts of calcium phosphate, 75-85 parts of attapulgite, 540-600 parts of plant ash and 78-91 parts of neem residue cakes
The preparation process comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: crushing 62-84 parts of rapeseed cakes, putting the crushed rapeseed cakes into a fermentation tank for fermentation, wherein the crushed rapeseed cakes are fermented at a high temperature of 60-70 ℃ for 4-9 days, then fermented at a temperature of 35-50 ℃ for 9-15 days, and stored for later use after full fermentation;
step two: respectively weighing humic acid, amino acid, urea, potassium chloride, calcium phosphate, attapulgite, plant ash and neem residue cake according to corresponding parts, drying, grinding and sieving to obtain products, and standing for later use;
step three: and (3) conveying the mixture of the fermented materials and the crushed materials into a horizontal mixer (continuous type), and pushing the powdery organic fertilizer out from a discharge hole after the mixer achieves the aim of uniform mixing.
2. The special organic fertilizer for watermelons and the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for watermelons according to claim 1 are characterized in that: the adhesive is attapulgite.
3. The special organic fertilizer for watermelons and the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for watermelons according to claim 1 are characterized in that: the organic fertilizer special for the watermelons is applied for the first time after the watermelons are transplanted and rated, is applied again in the fruit expanding period,
applying 5-8kg of watermelon granular organic fertilizer to each mu of a watermelon garden, transplanting seedlings after applying, and applying watermelon powder organic fertilizer with water at the fruit expansion period by 3-5 kg/mu or 25-30 g/plant.
4. The special organic fertilizer for watermelons and the preparation method of the special organic fertilizer for watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the special organic fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: the neem residue cake has the functions of improving soil activity and soil structure, and can effectively resist the harm of nematodes, so that the organic special fertilizer has the function of integrating fertilizer and pesticide.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112358346A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-12 | 宁夏大学 | Special fertilizer for pressed muskmelon in vine extending period and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20200410 |