CN110972846A - Corn ditch interchange planting method - Google Patents
Corn ditch interchange planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972846A CN110972846A CN201911332059.XA CN201911332059A CN110972846A CN 110972846 A CN110972846 A CN 110972846A CN 201911332059 A CN201911332059 A CN 201911332059A CN 110972846 A CN110972846 A CN 110972846A
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- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 abstract description 21
- 230000017105 transposition Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 10
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 208000003643 Callosities Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002363 herbicidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004009 herbicide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphosphonate Chemical compound O=P(=O)OP(=O)=O YWEUIGNSBFLMFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a corn ditch and platform interchange planting method, and relates to the technical field of corn cultivation. The method adopts a cultivation mode of uniform ridge planting, furrow table interchange planting, ridge table and furrow transposition leisure, furrow table transposition intertillage and precision or semi-precision seeding; through the corn ditch platform interchange planting, the transposition leisure of the seedling zone and the intertillage zone is realized, the land utilization is combined with the protection, and the high-efficiency sustainable utilization of resources is realized; the soil volume weight of 0-40cm plough layer is 1.2-1.3g/cm3The plough layer has reasonable structure; the water content of the soil in the whole growth period is improved by 2.8-3.1 percent, the seedling protection rate is improved by 5.8-6.1 percent, the yield is improved by 4.8-5.0 percent, and the hectare cost is reduced by 260-320 yuan.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of corn cultivation, and particularly relates to a corn ditch platform interchange planting method.
Background
In the existing farming and cultivation technology, a ridge culture mode is mostly adopted, the ditch tables are not changed, stubble cleaning is carried out on original ridges and ridging is carried out in spring, the original ridges are planted for many years, the original ridges cannot be used for leisure, the environment of a seedling zone cannot be improved, the physical and chemical properties of soil are poor, the plough layer is shallow, the development of the corns in the middle and later stages is influenced, and the yield is reduced.
The existing farming methods in the northeast plain area of China mainly comprise two methods: firstly, the original ridge is ploughed and harrowed and then is spread into 60-70cm ridges; the second method is that after stubble cleaning, the second plough forms 60-70cm ridges, and the ridges are sowed, so that the original ridges are planted. The first method has the main disadvantages of multiple operation links and high cost, soil preparation in autumn and spring is carried out, a large amount of soil moisture is lost, and drought is aggravated; and secondly, in the original ridge cultivation mode for many years, the cultivated layer is shallow, a plough bottom layer is formed by soil with the depth of less than 20cm, and the permeability is poor. The second method is to form ridges and sow seeds on the ridges by two ploughs after stubble cleaning, which belongs to the improved traditional cultivation technology. The main defects are that the plough layer is shallow (15-18 cm), the plough bottom layer is thickened, most of the plough is used for ridging in spring, and the soil moisture is seriously lost. When the machine works, the number of times of field rolling is too many, the volume weight of soil is increased, the capability of resisting natural disasters is low, and the yield is not high and unstable.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a corn ditch interchange planting method, which is a novel corn cultivation method with less soil movement, high storage, resource protection and sustainable utilization, and aims to protect and improve soil resource environment, and improve natural rainfall utilization efficiency and grain yield.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a corn ditch interchange planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) after the corn is harvested and stubble-cleaned in autumn, the original planting ridge is used as a new furrow, the original furrow is used as a new planting ridge, and the widths of the ridge and the furrow are respectively 20-35 cm;
(2) spring sowing corn seeds on the new planting ridge in the next year;
(3) cultivating and topdressing in the seedling stage of the corn.
Preferably, the method is suitable for one-year-one-season planting areas.
Preferably, the new planting ridge of step (1) is 15cm higher than the new furrow.
Preferably, the spring sowing in the step (2) comprises precision sowing or semi-precision sowing.
Preferably, the sowing density of the spring sowing is 4000-.
Preferably, the cultivating in step (3) is performed before the corn stalk is pulled out.
Preferably, the intertillage is performed from 6 months 20 days to 6 months 30 days of the solar calendar.
Preferably, the cultivating in the step (3) is performed in the new furrow, and the depth of the cultivating is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the topdressing amount in the step (3) is pure N10 kg/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the invention adopts the cultivation modes of uniform ridge planting, furrow table interchange planting, ridge table and furrow transposition leisure, furrow table transposition intertillage and precision or semi-precision seeding;
(2) through the corn ditch platform interchange planting, the transposition leisure of the seedling zone and the intertillage zone is realized, the land utilization is combined with the protection, and the high-efficiency sustainable utilization of resources is realized. By reducing the mechanical operation links of the farmland for preparing the land in spring and adopting precision seeding, the production cost is greatly reduced, and the output benefit is improved. Soil is prepared into ridges in autumn of the current year, stubbles are removed after autumn harvest to break the original ridges and combine new ridges to achieve spring moisture preservation and autumn preservation, soil is not moved in spring of the next year, the new ridges are directly sowed, soil moisture loss caused by spring drought is prevented, soil is moved less, strip intertillage is performed, intertillage is performed before corn topping to break a plough bottom layer, a plough layer is deepened, a plough layer soil reservoir is created, and the utilization efficiency of natural rainfall is improved. The seedling is complete, neat and strong, and the continuous high yield, high quality and high efficiency of the corn production are guaranteed;
(3) in the embodiment of the invention, different areas are contrasted, and compared with the conventional stubble cleaning, soil preparation and original ridge planting, the soil water content is improved by 2.8-3.1%, the seedling protection rate is improved by 5.8-6.1%, and the yield is increased by 4.8-5% by using the method provided by the invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the corn stand interchange planting method of the present invention, wherein A is a ridge and planting schematic in the first year, and B is a ridge and planting schematic in the second year;
FIG. 2 is a view of autumn stubble cleaning;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of an autumn ridging operation;
FIG. 4 is a spring sowing work diagram;
FIG. 5 shows the field seedling conditions;
FIG. 6 is a drawing of deep scarification and top dressing.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a corn ditch interchange planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) after the corn is harvested and stubble-cleaned in autumn, the original planting ridge is used as a new furrow, and the original furrow is used as a new planting ridge;
(2) spring sowing corn seeds on the new planting ridge in the next year;
(3) cultivating and topdressing in the seedling stage of the corn.
The schematic diagram of the corn furrow table interchange planting method is shown in figure 1, after the corn is harvested and stubble-cleaned in autumn, the original planting furrows are used as new furrows, and the original furrows are used as new planting furrows. The method of the invention is preferably applied to a one-year-one-season planting area, more preferably including a depression, a flat land or a hilly land. The method for harvesting and cleaning the stubbles in autumn is not particularly limited, and the stubble cleaning and ridging compound operation machine can be used. After stubble cleaning (figure 2), the invention takes the original planting ridge as a new furrow and the original furrow as a new planting ridge (figure 3) to form furrow-ridge interchange, ridge and sufficient furrow transposition leisure and transposition intertillage. The height of the new planting ridge is preferably 15cm, and the width of the new planting ridge is 30-35 cm. The width of the novel furrow is preferably 30-35 cm.
The present invention spring seeds corn on the new planting ridges the next year (fig. 4). The spring sowing preferably comprises precision sowing or semi-precision sowing; the sowing density is preferably 4000-.
The invention carries out intertillage and topdressing (figure 6) in the corn seedling stage (figure 5). The cultivation according to the invention is preferably carried out before the jointing of the corn, more preferably between 6 months and 20 days and 6 months and 30 days in the solar calendar. The cultivation of the present invention is preferably carried out in the new inter-ridge furrow, and the depth of the cultivation is preferably 20 to 25 cm. The invention is accompanied with additional fertilizer during the intertillage, and the preferable additional fertilizer application amount is pure N10 kg/mu.
The corn furrow-table interchange planting method provided by the invention is explained in detail by the following examples, but the method is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1
Corn test field test
Time: 2015, 5 months and 6 days
A place: home Tunchun town Mount of princess mountain;
test treatment, ① ditch table interchange precision seeding
The specific operation method comprises the following steps: after harvesting, the straws are moved out of the field, the residual stubbles are broken into 2-3cm broken sections by a stubble cleaning, rotary tillage and ridging integrated machine, the positions are changed and ridging is carried out, namely, ridge platforms are furrows of the previous year, the furrows are ridges of the previous year, the ridge width is 65cm, the width of each furrow and each ridge is 1:1, the height difference between each ridge platform and each furrow is 15cm, and the furrows are compacted the next day after ridging and sowed in the spring of the second year. Seeding on ridge by precision seeder at 5 months and 6 days, and simultaneously applying pure N5kg and P per mu2O56kg、K2O6 kg. The herbicide is sealed and removed before emergence of seedlings after sowing. Intertillage and topdressing are carried out by adopting a narrow-width deep scarifier in 23 days after 6 months of corns, and topdressing is carried out per muApplying 10kg of pure nitrogen and cultivating at a depth of 22 cm. Other operations are managed in the same field.
② stubble ploughing, ridging and sowing (contrast)
The specific operation method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of preparing soil after harvesting, moving straws out of a field before sowing, breaking the remaining stubbles into 2-3cm segments by a stubble cleaning, rotary tillage and ridging integrated machine, ridging in situ, wherein ridge platforms are ridge platforms of the previous year, furrows are furrows of the previous year, the width of each ridge is 65cm, the width of each furrow and each ridge platform is 1:1, the height difference between each ridge platform and each furrow is 15cm, ridge forming is carried out while disposable chemical fertilizers are applied, 15kg of pure nitrogen, 6kg of phosphorus pentoxide and 6kg of potassium oxide are applied per mu, and rolling is carried out the next day after ridge forming to prevent soil moisture loss and achieve a sowing state. And 5, month and 6, sowing on the ridge by adopting a precision seeder. The herbicide is sealed and removed before emergence of seedlings after sowing. The operations of no tillage and top dressing are the same as the field management.
The test results are shown in Table 1, showing a 5% increase in yield.
TABLE 1 test results of corn test fields
Example 2
Corn test field test
Time: 2016 (4 months) and 28 days
A place: towering the big house body village towards the sunny slope in the city of princess mountain;
test treatment ① ditch table interchange seeding
The operation method is the same as the above, and the intertillage topdressing date is 6 months and 20 days.
② stubble ploughing, ridging and sowing (contrast)
The operation method is the same, and the intertillage topdressing date is 6 months and 20 days
The test results are shown in Table 2, with a 4.8% increase in yield.
TABLE 2 test results of corn test fields
By using the method of the invention, the soil volume weight of 0-40cm plough layer is 1.2-1.3g/cm3The plough layer has reasonable structure; the water content of the soil in the whole growth period is improved by 2.8-3.1 percent, the seedling protection rate is improved by 5.8-6.1 percent, the yield is improved by 4.8-5.0 percent, and the hectare cost is reduced by 260-320 yuan.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The corn ditch exchanging planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) after the corn is harvested and stubble-cleaned in autumn, the original planting ridge is used as a new furrow, and the original furrow is used as a new planting ridge;
(2) spring sowing corn seeds on the new planting ridge in the next year;
(3) cultivating and topdressing in the seedling stage of the corn.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method is applied to a one-year-one-season growing area.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the new planting ridge of step (1) is 15cm higher than the new furrow.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the spring seeding of step (2) comprises precision seeding or semi-precision seeding.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the sowing density of the spring sowing is 4000-.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein said cultivating of step (3) is performed before the corn is jointing.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein said cultivating is performed between 6 months and 20 days and 6 months and 30 days of the solar calendar.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said cultivating of step (3) is performed in said new furrow, said cultivating having a depth of 20-25 cm.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the top dressing amount in step (3) is pure N10 kg/mu.
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| CN201911332059.XA CN110972846A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Corn ditch interchange planting method |
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| CN201911332059.XA CN110972846A (en) | 2019-12-21 | 2019-12-21 | Corn ditch interchange planting method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113079994A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Alternate ditching and deep turning ridge planting crop cultivation method |
| CN113367035A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Corn furrow mechanized planting method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304638A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-07-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn |
| CN101233811A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-08-06 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble-remaining ridge side planting method |
| CN102246652A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-11-23 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn ditch interchanged planting method |
| CN102282927A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble deep loosening tillage method |
-
2019
- 2019-12-21 CN CN201911332059.XA patent/CN110972846A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1304638A (en) * | 2000-09-14 | 2001-07-25 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Wide-line and narrow-line alternative method for planting corn |
| CN101233811A (en) * | 2008-03-07 | 2008-08-06 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble-remaining ridge side planting method |
| CN102246652A (en) * | 2011-06-13 | 2011-11-23 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn ditch interchanged planting method |
| CN102282927A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-12-21 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Corn stubble deep loosening tillage method |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 西北农业大学: "《旱农学》", 31 May 1991, 农业出版社 * |
| 路海东: "《玉米高产理论与技术》", 31 December 2015, 西北农林科技大学出版社 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113079994A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 湖北省烟草科学研究院 | Alternate ditching and deep turning ridge planting crop cultivation method |
| CN113367035A (en) * | 2021-07-12 | 2021-09-10 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | Corn furrow mechanized planting method |
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