CN110972809A - Mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella-coprinus comatus - Google Patents
Mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella-coprinus comatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN110972809A CN110972809A CN201911307461.2A CN201911307461A CN110972809A CN 110972809 A CN110972809 A CN 110972809A CN 201911307461 A CN201911307461 A CN 201911307461A CN 110972809 A CN110972809 A CN 110972809A
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000009354 mixed cropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 244000234623 Coprinus comatus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 235000004439 Coprinus comatus Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 68
- 241000221638 Morchella Species 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 240000002769 Morchella esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000002779 Morchella esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 6
- 241000238876 Acari Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001523965 Xylaria Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
- A01G18/20—Culture media, e.g. compost
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella-coprinus comatus, which comprises the following steps: 1) selecting land and building a shed; 2) fertilizing, preparing soil and building ridges; 3) sowing coprinus comatus; 4) sowing morchella; 5) and (5) management after sowing. The mixed cultivation method can realize the simultaneous spawn running and staged fruiting of the coprinus comatus and the morchella, the waste materials of the coprinus comatus can be directly absorbed and utilized by the morchella, the limited land resources in China are fully utilized, the raw material cost is saved, the production period is shortened, the planting procedure is simplified, the mutual benefit symbiosis of the morchella and the coprinus comatus is realized, the yield is increased, and the yield is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella-coprinus comatus, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation.
Background
Morchella (Morchella spp.), Morchella of Morchellacaceae, and Morchella of Classification of fungology are rare edible fungus varieties, have high edible and medicinal values and economic values, are popular in Europe and America, and are one of the important traditional export edible fungus varieties in China. Traditionally, morchella cannot be planted manually due to technical limitations, and always depends on collecting and utilizing limited wild resources. Due to rapid increase of market demand and continuous surge of price, the morchella has attracted high attention on a global scale, and researchers and enthusiasts in morchella families have conducted long-term research and cultivation tests for realizing artificial domestication and cultivation of the morchella. Until around 2012, small-scale commercial cultivation is not realized in China. Through the rapid development of years, the cultivation area of the morchella in China reaches about 8 ten thousand mu by 2018.
Coprinus comatus is a high-yield variety of grass-rotting manure raw soil raw edible fungi with strong adaptability, which is popularized in a large area from the beginning of the 90 s of the last century. Since coprinus comatus has the advantages of wide raw material source, low cost, high yield, strong disease and insect resistance, easiness in cultivation, short production period, high investment recovery speed, good market popularity, high price and the like, the production scale is rapidly expanded in recent years, coprinus comatus is one of main economic crops and special agricultural products in China, and is one of main popularization varieties of edible fungi in many areas such as Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai in China, becomes a first-choice variety for adjusting agricultural industrial structures in many areas, the cultivation area of China exceeds 66.67 million hectares at present, accounts for more than 62% of the total cultivation area in the world, and shows a good development prospect.
The morchella low-temperature edible fungus is cultivated at 8-22 deg.C and 3-18 deg.C. Coprinus comatus belongs to medium-temperature mushrooms with constant-temperature solidity, the safe growth temperature of hyphae is 10-26 ℃, and the generation temperature of sporocarp is 12-20 ℃. The existing cultivation method of morchella and coprinus comatus in China is independent cultivation, the land rent for cultivation and the labor cost are high, the plant diseases and insect pests are serious, and the overall economic benefit of morchella and coprinus comatus cultivation is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella and coprinus comatus, which utilizes the characteristics of substantial consistency of spawning temperature, humidity and soil pH value, nutrition complementarity and symbiosis of morchella and coprinus comatus cultivation to carry out mixed cropping cultivation of morchella and coprinus comatus.
In order to achieve the purpose, the mixed cropping cultivation method of the morchella esculenta and the coprinus comatus, which is adopted by the invention, comprises the following steps:
1) selecting land and building a shed: selecting loam rich in organic matter, building an arched shed, wherein the shed is 20-60m long, 4-8m wide and 2-2.5m high, a sunshade net with a shading rate of 55-65% is arranged on the shed, a heat-insulating film is arranged on the sunshade net, a lightproof sunshade felt blanket covers the film, and an atomized spraying water replenishing pipe is arranged below the shed;
2) fertilizing, soil preparation and ridge building: applying 25-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15-20kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5-2kg of zinc sulfate, 40-50kg of lime or 80-100kg of plant ash to each mu of land, constructing a ridge after rotary tillage, digging 15-20cm downwards on the ridge, leveling the bottom surface, and reserving an operation ditch with the width of 30-35cm between the ridges;
3) sowing coprinus comatus: horizontally placing the coprinus comatus culture bag in a ridge after the coprinus comatus culture bag is removed from the bag, wherein the interval between the bag and the bag is 2-3cm, covering the bag with fine soil, the thickness is 4-8cm, leveling, covering soil on the coprinus comatus culture bag for 9 months, 20 days to 10 months and 30 days, and then atomizing and replenishing water until the water content of the soil is basically saturated;
4) and (3) sowing morchella esculenta: covering soil on a coprinus comatus culture bag, replenishing water for 1-2 days, then sowing morchella, firstly covering soil on the surface of a furrow where the coprinus comatus culture bag is placed, harrowing, breaking the morchella into peanut rice, uniformly scattering the strains on the surface of the furrow according to the seed quantity of 75-85 kg/mu, then covering the soil with the thickness of 0.5-0.8cm, and replenishing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 65-68%;
5) and (3) management after sowing:
① covering soil with thickness of 1.5-3cm on the furrow surface when the coprinus comatus mycelium is twisted and primordium is about to form 7-12 days from the date of covering soil on the coprinus comatus culture bag;
② placing a nutrition bag for Morchella esculenta 10-12 days after Morchella esculenta is sowed, drilling 30-40 holes with diameter of 1-1.5mm on one side of the nutrition bag, covering the holes on the surface of the furrow, compacting, and placing 2.5-3 bags per square meter;
③ the coprinus comatus culture bag is covered with soil for 11-14 days, the primordium is formed in large area, the collection is started 2-3 days after the primordium is formed, two batches are collected together, and the period from the bag arrangement to the end of the second batch of mushroom collection is 40-45 days;
④ after fruiting of Coprinus comatus, cleaning mushroom feet and defective mushrooms in time, replenishing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 60-65%, covering the furrow surface with a black mulching film for moisturizing and overwintering, removing carpet, furrow surface mulching film and nutrition bag on the shed in the next year from 1 month to 25 days to 2 months and 5 days, replenishing water until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 65-70%, then maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%, the space humidity at 80-95%, the ground temperature at 3-20 ℃, forming morchella primordium in 2 months from 10 days to 18 days, and ending fruiting in 3 months from 20 days to 30 days.
As an improvement, the formula of the nutrition bag comprises 62% of wheat, 30% of rice hull, 6% of turfy soil, 1.5% of gypsum and 0.5% of lime by mass percent.
The mixed cultivation method provided by the invention can realize simultaneous spawn running and staged fruiting of coprinus comatus and morel, waste materials of the coprinus comatus can be directly absorbed and utilized by the morel, limited land resources in China are fully utilized, the raw material cost is saved, the production period is shortened, the planting procedure is simplified, the mutual benefit symbiosis of the morel and the coprinus comatus is realized, the yield is increased, and the yield is increased.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below. It should be understood, however, that the description herein of specific embodiments is only intended to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
In 2017 and 2018, in Xuzhou modern agriculture test demonstration base (big temple village in Xuzhou city economic technology development area) in Jiangsu, the method is adopted to cultivate the morchella esculenta and the coprinus comatus with the square meter of 300 (6 multiplied by 50 m).
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting land and building a shed: the method comprises the steps of reconstructing the existing arched vegetable greenhouse in a garden into a fruiting greenhouse, wherein the arched greenhouse is of a galvanized pipe structure, the length of the greenhouse is 50m, the width of the greenhouse is 6m, the height of the greenhouse is 2.5m, and the number of 2017 is 10 months and 11 days, a sunshade net with the shading rate of 60% is arranged on the greenhouse, an 8-filament-thickness greenhouse heat preservation film is arranged on the sunshade net, a lightproof thick sunshade felt blanket is covered on the film, two rows of atomizing spray nozzles are arranged under the greenhouse and close to the top of the greenhouse, a drainage channel is arranged around the greenhouse, the soil type in the greenhouse is sandy loam, the content of organic matters in the soil is 4.5%;
when the sunshade heat-insulating material is covered on the shed, the sunshade net is arranged at the lowest layer, so that the temperature in the shed can be effectively improved while sunshade is facilitated when morchella mushrooms grow in early spring, the carpet mainly plays a role in avoiding light, white-colored and high-quality coprinus comatus can be cultivated, and compared with the traditional sunshade net, a straw curtain, a sunshade quilt and the like, the sunshade net has the advantages of light weight, good shading effect and the like;
2) fertilizing, soil preparation and ridge building: cleaning up sundries in the shed, applying 12kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 7kg of potassium sulfate, 0.7kg of zinc sulfate and 45kg of plant ash according to the area in the shed, carrying out rotary tillage by using a rotary cultivator, then building ridges with the width of 1.2m, digging 18cm downwards on the ridges, leveling the bottom surface, and leaving operation ditches with the width of 35cm between the ridges;
3) sowing coprinus comatus: taking off the bags of the coprinus comatus culture bags in 2017, placing the bags horizontally in a ridge with an interval of 2cm in 12 days in 10 months, covering the bags with fine soil with the thickness of 5cm, leveling, and then opening an atomizing nozzle to replenish water until the water content of the soil is basically saturated;
the earthing cultivation time of the coprinus comatus cultivation bag is determined according to the ground temperature in the greenhouse, when the ground temperature in the greenhouse is basically below 22 ℃, coprinus comatus fruiting and morchella mycelium cultivation are facilitated, the earthing cultivation of the coprinus comatus is too early and is easily influenced by high temperature, the yield and the quality of the coprinus comatus are influenced, competitive mixed bacteria such as general xylaria are easily generated, the late stage temperature of fruiting is insufficient due to too late cultivation, the yield of the coprinus comatus is influenced, and the absorption and utilization of the morchella on coprinus comatus waste materials are also influenced;
4) and (3) sowing morchella esculenta: in 2017, 10 and 13 months, soil is covered on the surface of a ridge where coprinus comatus culture bags are placed and harrowed by an iron harrow, 40kg of morchella strains are broken into the size of peanut rice and are uniformly sowed on the surface of the ridge, then coarse soil is covered, the thickness of the soil is 0.6cm, and water is atomized and supplemented until the relative humidity of the soil on the surface reaches 68%;
before the morchella is sowed, covering soil on the surface of a ridge and harrowing, so that morchella hypha can grow deeply in soil, and covering the coprinus comatus with 1.5-3cm of soil for the second time, so that the covering soil for the morchella is not too much, and the thickness is preferably 0.5-0.8 cm;
5) and (3) management after sowing: management after casing, sowing of morchella-coprinus comatus is mainly moisturizing and light-resistant, before coprinus comatus fruiting, if ridge surfaces are too dry, water can be slowly supplemented into furrows between ridges for humidification, a dark environment in a shed is kept in the daytime, ventilation is carried out for half an hour in the morning and at night, and the specific management steps are as follows:
① 2017, 10 and 21, the coprinus comatus hyphae are twisted and have a small amount of primordia, soil in the operation ditch is taken and is beaten up and then covered on the surface of the ridge, the thickness of the covering soil is 1.5cm, secondary covering soil on the coprinus comatus can improve the activity of the hyphae, promote the twisting of the hyphae and increase the fruiting density and yield;
② 2017 in 2017, 24 days in 10 months, placing a nutrition bag for morchella, wherein the mushroom production of coprinus comatus is influenced when the placing time is too late, the nutrition bag comprises 62% of wheat, 30% of rice hull, 6% of turfy soil, 1.5% of gypsum and 0.5% of lime, when the nutrition bag is placed, 36 holes are punched on one side of the nutrition bag by using a self-made nail plate (3 rows with 12 nails in each row and the nail diameter of 1.3mm), then the nutrition bag is buckled on the surface of a ridge downwards and compacted, 3 bags are placed in each square meter, and a punching method with 36 holes is used, compared with the existing button-cutting method, the later-period waste collection is facilitated, when the nutrition bag is placed, the nutrition bag is compacted, the nutrition bag is tightly attached to the surface of the ridge, morchella hypha can enter the nutrition bag as soon;
③ 2017 in 2017, 24 days in 10 months, the primordium of the coprinus comatus is basically and completely formed, harvesting is started in 26 days in 10 months, and fruiting of the second batch of coprinus comatus is finished in 25 days in 11 months;
④ after fruiting of Coprinus comatus, cleaning mushroom feet and defective mushrooms in time, atomizing and supplementing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 65%, covering the furrow surface with a black mulching film for moisturizing and overwintering, covering the furrow surface with a black mulching film for 2 months and 1 day in 2018, removing carpet, furrow surface mulching film and nutrition bags on a shed, supplementing water until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 70%, keeping the soil humidity at 60-70%, the space humidity at 80-95%, the ground temperature at 3-20 ℃, forming morchella primordium in 12 days in 2 months, harvesting the first batch of mushrooms in 19 days in 2 months, and ending fruiting in 25 days in 3 months.
The cultivation method of the morchella esculenta and coprinus comatus mixed culture is used for cultivating a square meter of 300, the fruiting period of the coprinus comatus is 5 days earlier than that of the conventional cultivation, 5047kg of fresh coprinus comatus is collected, the yield per mu is 11221kg, and the yield is improved by 8.7% compared with that of the conventional coprinus comatus single cultivation; 49.5kg of fresh morchella collected, 110kg of yield per mu, 11.7 percent of yield improved compared with the control yield, 90 percent of production cost of morchella raw materials reduced, 36 percent of overall labor cost reduced compared with single cultivation, 46 percent of main pests, namely mites and bacterial maggots, of the morchella, and no occurrence of main competitive mixed fungi, namely common xylaria, of coprinus comatus.
Example 2
In 2018 plus 2019, the method is adopted to cultivate the morchella esculenta and the coprinus comatus 270 square meters (5 multiplied by 54m) in Jiangsu Changzhou Sheng green agriculture science and technology limited company (New North district spring Jiangthen City in Changzhou city).
The method comprises the following specific steps:
1) selecting land and building a shed: selecting vegetable garden loam, having no pollution source at the periphery, having high terrain, newly-built irrigation and drainage channels at the periphery, building a shed at 8 days in 10 months in 2018, wherein the shed is of a steel pipe arch structure, the length of the shed is 54m, the width of the shed is 5m, the height of the shed is 2.2m, a sunshade net with the shading rate of 55 percent is arranged on the shed, a heat-insulating film is arranged on the sunshade net, a lightproof sunshade felt blanket covers the upper part of the sunshade net, and an atomization spray pipe is arranged under the shed and is close to the top of the;
2) fertilizing, soil preparation and ridge building: cleaning up sundries in the greenhouse, applying 25kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 18kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5kg of zinc sulfate and 100kg of plant ash to each mu of land, constructing ridges after rotary tillage, wherein the width of each ridge is 1m, digging 16cm downwards on each ridge, leveling the bottom surface of each ridge, and leaving an operation ditch with the width of 35cm between the ridges;
3) sowing coprinus comatus: taking off the bags of the coprinus comatus culture bags in 2018, 10 months and 9 days, horizontally placing the bags in a ridge with the interval of 2.5cm, covering the bags with fine soil with the thickness of 6cm, leveling, and then opening an atomizing spray pipe to replenish water until the water content of the soil is basically saturated;
4) and (3) sowing morchella esculenta: in 2018, 10 months and 10 days, soil is covered on the surface of a ridge where coprinus comatus culture bags are placed and then scarified, morchella strains are broken into peanut rice, the peanut rice is uniformly sowed on the surface of the ridge according to 75 kg/mu, then medium-thickness soil is covered, the thickness of the soil is 0.7cm, and water is atomized and supplemented until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 68%;
5) and (3) management after sowing: keep the light-resistant environment in the canopy to regularly ventilate according to the temperature in the canopy, specific management step is as follows:
① 2018, 10 month and 16 days, when the coprinus comatus hyphae are twisted and a small amount of primordia occur, taking soil in the operation ditch, beating the soil into pieces, covering the pieces of soil on the surface of the ridge, and covering the soil with the thickness of 2 cm;
② 2018 year 2018, 10 month and 20 days, placing a nutrition bag for Morchella esculenta, wherein the nutrition bag comprises 62% of wheat, 30% of rice hull, 6% of turfy soil, 1.5% of gypsum and 0.5% of lime, when the nutrition bag is placed, 40 holes are drilled in the side face of the nutrition bag, the diameter of each hole is 1.2mm, then the hole is downwards buckled on the surface of a ridge and compacted, and 2.7 bags are placed in each square meter;
③ 2018 in 2018, 20 days in 10 months, the primordium of the coprinus comatus is basically and completely formed, harvesting is started in 22 days in 10 months, and fruiting of the second batch of coprinus comatus is finished in 21 days in 11 months;
④ after fruiting of Coprinus comatus, cleaning mushroom feet and defective mushrooms in time, atomizing and supplementing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 65%, covering the furrow surface with a black mulching film for moisturizing and overwintering, covering the furrow surface with 28 days in 2019, removing carpet, furrow surface mulching film and nutrition bags on a shed, supplementing water until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 70%, keeping the soil humidity at 60-70%, the space humidity at 80-95%, the ground temperature at 3-20 ℃, forming morchella primordium in 10 days in 2 months, harvesting the first batch of mushrooms in 17 days in 2 months, and ending fruiting in 23 days in 3 months.
The cultivation method for cultivating the square meter by using the morchella esculenta and the coprinus comatus in a mixed mode is used for cultivating the square meter 270, the fruiting period of the coprinus comatus is 4 days earlier than that of the conventional cultivation, 4671kg of fresh coprinus comatus is collected, the yield per mu is 11533kg, and the yield is improved by 7.4%; 57kg of fresh morchella collected, 141kg of yield per mu, 9.6% of yield improved compared with the control yield, 85% of production cost of morchella raw materials reduced, 40% of overall labor cost reduced compared with single cultivation, in pest and disease damage investigation, 3 groups of the mixed cultivation and the control cultivation are checked in 27 months in 2019, the number of the co-occurring mites in each group (5 bags) is respectively 7 and 18, the number of the co-occurring mites in the mixed cultivation is reduced by 68.75% compared with the number of the mites in the single morchella cultivation, and the morchella flea and the coprinus comatus are not easily infected with diseases and pests.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents or improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella-coprinus comatus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting land and building a shed: selecting loam rich in organic matter, building an arched shed, wherein the shed is 20-60m long, 4-8m wide and 2-2.5m high, a sunshade net with a shading rate of 55-65% is arranged on the shed, a heat-insulating film is arranged on the sunshade net, a lightproof sunshade felt blanket covers the film, and an atomized spraying water replenishing pipe is arranged below the shed;
2) fertilizing, soil preparation and ridge building: applying 25-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 15-20kg of potassium sulfate, 1.5-2kg of zinc sulfate, 40-50kg of lime or 80-100kg of plant ash to each mu of land, constructing a ridge after rotary tillage, digging 15-20cm downwards on the ridge, leveling the bottom surface, and reserving an operation ditch with the width of 30-35cm between the ridges;
3) sowing coprinus comatus: horizontally placing the coprinus comatus culture bag in a ridge after the coprinus comatus culture bag is removed from the bag, wherein the interval between the bag and the bag is 2-3cm, covering the bag with fine soil, the thickness is 4-8cm, leveling, covering soil on the coprinus comatus culture bag for 9 months, 20 days to 10 months and 30 days, and then atomizing and replenishing water until the water content of the soil is basically saturated;
4) and (3) sowing morchella esculenta: covering soil on a coprinus comatus culture bag, replenishing water for 1-2 days, then sowing morchella, firstly covering soil on the surface of a furrow where the coprinus comatus culture bag is placed, harrowing, breaking the morchella into peanut rice, uniformly scattering the strains on the surface of the furrow according to the seed quantity of 75-85 kg/mu, then covering the soil with the thickness of 0.5-0.8cm, and replenishing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 65-68%;
5) and (3) management after sowing:
① covering soil with thickness of 1.5-3cm on the furrow surface when the coprinus comatus mycelium is twisted and primordium is about to form 7-12 days from the date of covering soil on the coprinus comatus culture bag;
② placing a nutrition bag for Morchella esculenta 10-12 days after Morchella esculenta is sowed, drilling 30-40 holes with diameter of 1-1.5mm on one side of the nutrition bag, covering the holes on the surface of the furrow, compacting, and placing 2.5-3 bags per square meter;
③ the coprinus comatus culture bag is covered with soil for 11-14 days, the primordium is formed in large area, the collection is started 2-3 days after the primordium is formed, two batches are collected together, and the period from the bag arrangement to the end of the second batch of mushroom collection is 40-45 days;
④ after fruiting of Coprinus comatus, cleaning mushroom feet and defective mushrooms in time, replenishing water until the relative humidity of the surface soil reaches 60-65%, covering the furrow surface with a black mulching film for moisturizing and overwintering, removing carpet, furrow surface mulching film and nutrition bag on the shed in the next year from 1 month to 25 days to 2 months and 5 days, replenishing water until the relative humidity of the soil reaches 65-70%, then maintaining the soil humidity at 60-70%, the space humidity at 80-95%, the ground temperature at 3-20 ℃, forming morchella primordium in 2 months from 10 days to 18 days, and ending fruiting in 3 months from 20 days to 30 days.
2. The mixed cropping cultivation method of morchella esculenta and coprinus comatus according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5), the formula of the nutrition bag comprises 62% of wheat, 30% of rice hull, 6% of turfy soil, 1.5% of gypsum and 0.5% of lime by mass percentage.
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Application publication date: 20200410 Assignee: Su Rong Biotechnology Development (Xuzhou) Co.,Ltd. Assignor: JIANGSU XUHUAI DISTRICT XUZHOU AGRICULTURAL Research Institute (JIANGSU XUZHOU SWEET POTATO RESEARCH CENTER) Contract record no.: X2023980053041 Denomination of invention: A mixed cultivation method of morel mushroom and chicken leg mushroom Granted publication date: 20210622 License type: Common License Record date: 20231220 |