CN110961116B - 一种超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂制备方法 - Google Patents
一种超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂及制备方法。催化剂的平均孔半径最小为200nm,孔体积最小为0.5cm3/g,比表面积最小为240m2/g,催化剂中由所有孔半径大于250nm的孔产生的孔体积占所有孔的孔体积的30%。将活性炭颗粒、硅溶胶和少量水泥构成的载体前驱物进行充分搅拌,搅拌的同时往载体前驱物中加入活性组分硝酸镍和(NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,烘干、焙烧、捏合、造粒成型而制得催化剂。采用本发明所制备的催化剂具有良好的耐硫甲烷化性能和较好的机械强度,催化剂制备过程相对简单。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于催化技术领域,具体涉及一种超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂制备方法。
背景技术
目前,耐硫甲烷化催化剂多采用氧化铝为载体,以钴钼为活性组分、以碱金属为助剂的耐硫甲烷化催化剂。随着反应系统压力的提高,对催化剂的性能提出了更高的要求。耐硫甲烷化催化剂不仅需要较好的低温活性,而且要具有较高的机械强度。但是,在提高机械强度的同时,其孔隙率会明显降低,这样就会给催化剂的生产过程带来麻烦,常常需要多次浸渍,才能使催化剂中活性组分达到规定的要求,如中国专利CN1018049中所述的方法。
从耐硫甲烷化反应来看,如果催化剂不仅具有一般的小孔,而且还具有较多的大孔,则不仅使得催化剂的制备过程变得较为容易,活性组分易于浸渍,而且将大大利于反应本身,因为大孔结构将改善内扩散的影响。当然,制备大孔结构催化剂的难点是保证其具有较好的机械强度,否则催化剂的寿命将会缩短。中国专利CN1119208C报道的就是一种大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备,但其制备过程相对复杂,机械强度有待论证。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种平均孔径大、稳定性优良的耐硫甲烷化催化剂的制备方法。
本发明的特点是通过活性炭和水泥的联合使用,经过大量的试验,确定了最佳催化剂制备参数。
本发明提供的超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂,催化剂的平均孔半径大于200nm,孔体积大于0.5cm3/g,比表面积大于240m2/g。
所述催化剂中,孔半径大于250nm的孔产生的孔体积占全部孔体积的30%以上。
本发明超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂制备方法,是通过如下步骤实现的,1)将活性炭颗粒、硅溶胶和少量水泥构成的载体前驱物在室温下进行充分搅拌;2)在搅拌的同时往载体前驱物中加入活性组分硝酸镍和(NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O;3)搅拌2小时后将上述混合物烘干、焙烧;4)向上述混合物加入三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、甘油中的一种或两种混合,再加入水,捏合均匀;5)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到粒子,然后将粒子烘干;6)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,成型而制得催化剂。
一般地,所述活性炭质量为载体前驱物的5~25%,硅溶胶质量为载体前驱物的25~50%,水泥质量为载体前驱物的5~25%。
所述活性炭颗粒大小在300nm~1000nm。
所述硝酸镍质量为载体前驱物的5~25%,(NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O质量为载体前驱物的5~10%。
所述干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为12小时。
所述焙烧温度为500℃~1000℃,焙烧时间为4~8小时,使活性炭能够充分分解,从而留下足够的空体积。
所述三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、甘油的质量含量为烘干后混合物的1~2%。
所述催捏合过程中水的质量为烘干后混合物的20~50%。
采用本发明所制备的催化剂具有良好的耐硫甲烷化性能和较好的机械强度,催化剂制备过程相对简单。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例1
1)取75g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入15g硝酸镍和15g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后100℃焙烧4h;4)将混合物加入3.3g三乙基己基磷酸,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅰ。
实施例2
1)取75g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入75g硝酸镍和30g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后1000℃焙烧8h;4)将混合物加入6.6g乙二醇,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅱ。
实施例3
1)取75g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入50g硝酸镍和20g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后750℃焙烧6h;4)将混合物加入4.5g甲基戊醇,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅲ。
实施例4
1)取50g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入50g硝酸镍和20g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后750℃焙烧6h;4)将混合物加入4.5g聚丙烯酰胺,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅳ。
实施例5
1)取50g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入50g硝酸镍和20g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后750℃焙烧6h;4)将混合物加入4.5g脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅴ。
实施例6
1)取50g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入50g硝酸镍和20g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后750℃焙烧6h;4)将混合物加入4.5g甘油,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体Ⅵ。
实施例7
1)取50g 活性炭,150g硅溶胶,75g水泥,充分混合搅拌;2)同时缓慢加入50g硝酸镍和20g (NH4)8Mo7O24·4H2O,充分搅拌2h;3)将混合物100℃干燥12h,之后750℃焙烧6h;4)将混合物加入4.5g古尔胶,再加入去离子水,捏合均匀;4)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到流动性好的粒子,然后将粒子在100℃温度下烘干;5)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,压片成型得到催化剂载体ⅤⅡ。
催化剂性能评价:
催化剂Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ分别装填在固定床管式反应器中,反应条件为:压力2.0MPa、气体组成H2 39.12,CH4 53.08,CO 1.18,CO2 6.30,N2 1.13,C2H6 1.93、H2S1000PPM,气体空速为5000~30000h-1,450℃反应240h后,测试CO转化率。
强度测试:
随即取20颗样品,在强度仪上测试径向抗压强度。
催化剂的比表面积、孔径、孔体积由压汞法测定。各项数据见表1。
表1催化剂各性能参数
表2催化剂耐硫甲烷化性能
型号 | CO转化率,% | CH<sub>4</sub>选择性,% |
Ⅰ | 85.2 | 85.3 |
Ⅱ | 79.3 | 80.2 |
Ⅲ | 83.2 | 83.8 |
Ⅳ | 84.1 | 84.5 |
Ⅴ | 86.7 | 88.6 |
Ⅵ | 85.9 | 84.9 |
ⅤⅡ | 85.7 | 81.3 |
Claims (9)
1.一种超稳大孔耐硫甲烷化催化剂,其特征在于催化剂的平均孔半径大于200nm,孔体积大于0.5cm3/g,比表面积大于240m2/g;所述催化剂的制备方法包括如下步骤:1)将活性炭颗粒、硅溶胶和少量水泥构成的载体前驱物在室温下进行充分搅拌;2)在搅拌的同时往载体前驱物中加入活性组分硝酸镍和(NH4) 6Mo7O24·4H2O;3)搅拌2小时后将上述混合物烘干、焙烧;4)向上述混合物加入三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、甘油中的一种或两种混合,再加入水,捏合均匀;5)将捏合后的物料造粒,得到粒子,然后将粒子烘干;6)烘干的粒子加入石墨混合均匀,成型而制得催化剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于催化剂中,孔半径大于250nm的孔产生的孔体积占全部孔体积的30%以上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述活性炭质量为载体前驱物的5~25%,硅溶胶质量为载体前驱物的25~50%,水泥质量为载体前驱物的5~25%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于活性炭颗粒大小在300nm~1000nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于硝酸镍质量为载体前驱物的5~25%,(NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O质量为载体前驱物的5~10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于干燥温度为100℃,干燥时间为12小时。
7.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于焙烧温度为500℃~1000℃,焙烧时间为4~8小时。
8.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述加入三乙基己基磷酸、十二烷基硫酸钠、甲基戊醇、纤维素衍生物、聚丙烯酰胺、古尔胶、乙二醇、聚乙二醇、脂肪酸聚乙二醇酯、甘油中的一种或两种的质量含量为烘干后混合物的1~2%。
9.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂,其特征在于所述捏合过程中水的质量为烘干后混合物的20~50%。
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