CN110960599B - 瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法及其应用 - Google Patents
瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于生物医药领域,公开了一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法,通过粉碎、酸溶液浸提、离子交换树脂吸附后,再经氨水碱化、有机溶剂洗脱,浓缩后即得;本发明还公开了上述瑞香狼毒总生物碱用作治疗癫痫的药物的一种应用。本发明的提取方法的提取时间短、步骤简单、容易操作、安全可靠,瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取率达到0.015%以上,解决了现有技术所存在的瑞香狼毒生物碱提取率低的问题;本发明所提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱能通过CD40介导的炎症反应作用而实现抗癫痫疗效,适用于癫痫患者服用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药领域,涉及一种天然活性成分提取物,具体地说涉及一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法及其应用。
背景技术
瑞香狼毒,又名断肠草、馒头花、山萝卜,藏药名为热甲巴,是香科狼毒属植物瑞香狼毒的干燥根,其广泛分布于东北及河北、内蒙古、甘肃、青海、宁夏、西藏等省区。瑞香狼毒具有清热解毒,消肿,泻炎症,止溃疡,祛腐生肌之功效。熬膏内服用于疠病、疖痈、瘰疠等,也可用于癫痫发作等的辅助治疗;外用治顽痞、溃疡。现代药理学研究发现,瑞香狼毒主要含黄酮类、香豆素类、萜类、木脂素类、挥发油以及无机元素等化学成分,具有抗肿瘤、抗病毒(尤其是艾滋病毒)、调节免疫等作用。
癫痫发作是由于大脑神经元过度放电或同步神经元活动引起的暂时性或反复痫性发作为特征的大脑功能障碍,其涉及脑内神经递质及其受体、炎症反应、神经元损伤、离子通道、氧化应激等诸多因素。据统计,目前癫痫约影响全球人口的1-2%,发达国家发病率约为万分之五,发展中国家发病率约是发达国家发病率的2倍。癫痫患者还可能患有抑郁、认知障碍等并发症,严重影响其生活质量。目前,临床上,多采用苯妥英钠、卡马西平等西药治疗癫痫,但其具有眩晕头疼、共济失调、过敏反应等副作用,并存在部分患者不能耐受的情况。
中药在治疗癫痫方面有着悠久的历史,虽起效慢,但毒性及不良反应少,且具有多成分、多靶点等优势。中药单方和复方均有相关的文献和临床报道,如天麻、石菖蒲、灵芝、银杏叶、癫痫清颗粒、胆星宁痫颗粒等等。
现有文献对瑞香狼毒生物碱的报道较少, 工艺低效且问题较多,在现有的技术方案中,瑞香狼毒生物碱主要采用以下提取方法:
一、周乐等在《瑞香狼毒根的抑茵活性成分研究》中使用乙酸乙酯提取,溶剂价格昂贵、浓缩成本大且提取率低;
二、张如刚等在《不同提取方法对瑞香狼毒总黄酮含量的影响》 中比较两种提取方法在聚酰胺吸附、碱提酸沉、溶剂萃取后的效果,但其均存在专属性不高且提取率低的问题;
三、专利号为201010613066.X的中国发明专利公开了一种从瑞香狼毒中提取新狼毒素 B 的方法,该技术方案通过对瑞香狼毒根粉碎后回流、提取、碱提酸沉、大孔树脂分离、结晶制得,但其仍然存在提取率低的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的,是要提供一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法,以解决现有技术所存在的瑞香狼毒生物碱提取率低的问题;
本发明的另一个目的,是要提供上述提取方法所提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱的一种应用。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用的技术方案是:
一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法,包括依次进行的以下步骤:
1)预处理
取瑞香科植物,烘干、粉碎、筛分,得物料A;
2)浸提
物料A于0-60℃的酸溶液中浸泡1-48h,过滤,得滤液B;
3)离子交换树脂吸附
滤液B移至装有离子交换树脂的吸附柱中,进行动态吸附,得吸附柱C;
4)碱化、洗脱
吸附柱C中加入氨水进行碱化,用有机溶剂洗脱,得洗脱液D;
洗脱液D进行浓缩,即得所述的瑞香狼毒总生物碱。
作为一种限定,步骤1)中,物料A粒径≤40目;
步骤2)中,酸溶液为中强酸溶液或强酸溶液、浓度为0.5-2mol/L;
步骤4)中,氨水的浓度为5-25%,氨水与物料A的体积重量比20-25L:1kg;有机溶剂为醚类溶剂,有机溶剂与物料A的体积重量比100-300L:1kg。
作为另一种限定,步骤4)中,动态吸附的温度为15-60℃;碱化的时间为15-60min。
作为第三种限定,步骤3)中,所述离子交换树脂为阳离子交换树脂。
作为进一步限定,所述阳离子交换树脂的活性官能团包括磺酸基和/或羧基。
本发明还提供了上述提取方法所提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱的一种应用,所述瑞香狼毒总生物碱用作治疗癫痫的药物。
作为一种限定,所述药物的剂量为50-200mg/kg·d。
由于采用了上述技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,所取得的技术进步在于:
本发明的提取方法的提取时间短、步骤简单、容易操作、安全可靠,瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取率达到0.015%以上;
本发明所提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱具有治疗癫痫的作用,通过采用锂-匹罗卡品构建大鼠癫痫模型,并对该模型施用高、中、低浓度的瑞香狼毒总生物碱,实验表明瑞香狼毒总生物碱具有很好的抗癫痫活性,其作用机制是通过CD40介导的炎症反应作用发挥抗癫痫疗效;
本发明的提取方法用于提取瑞香狼毒总生物碱,所提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱适用于癫痫患者服用,具有很好的抗癫痫疗效。
附图说明
图1是本发明实施例8中的不同给药组对应的OX-42+细胞数图;
图2是本发明实施例9中的不同给药组对应的CD40阳性细胞数图。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明,应当理解所描述的实施例仅用于解释本发明,并不限定本发明。
实施例中采用的试剂有盐酸、磷酸、草酸、氨水、乙醚、二甲醚、丁醚、苯甲醚、苯乙醚、二苯醚、硫酸、氢氧化钠、甲醇,均为色谱纯,购自天津市永大化学试剂有限公司;
瑞香狼毒的根部购自西安雨诺生物工程有限公司;
东莨菪碱、盐酸匹罗卡品、地西泮注射液、戊巴比妥、多聚甲醛溶液、0.3% TritonX-100的0.01M KPBS、小鼠抗OX-42单克隆抗体、生物素化的山羊抗小鼠IgG(1:500)中室温孵育2h、生物素-卵白素-HRP复合物(1:500)购自上海绿源生物科技有限公司;
恒冷冰冻切片机的型号为leica CM3050S。
实施例1 一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法
本实施例按照以下步骤依次进行:
1)粉碎
取瑞香狼毒根部,烘干、粉碎、过40目筛,得物料A1;
2)浸提
称取10kg物料A1,于25℃的1000L浓度为1mol/L的磷酸溶液中浸泡24h,过滤,得滤液B1;
3)离子交换树脂吸附
称取500kg的001×7氢型离子交换树脂装柱,柱径与柱高的比为1:3;氢型离子交换树脂中的活性官能团包含磺酸基(-SO3H)和羧基(-COOH);
将滤液B1移至上述吸附柱中,动态吸附0.5h,树脂吸附饱和后,得吸附柱C1;
4)碱化、洗脱
在吸附柱C1中加入250L浓度为 5%的氨水,室温下碱化60min,再用2000L乙醚室温下进行洗脱,洗脱速度为10BV/h,收集洗脱液,得洗脱液D1;
将洗脱液D1在45℃减压蒸馏浓缩后,得40g物质Q,提取率0.4%;
所得物质Q进行碘-碘化钾试剂显色,操作如下:
称取1g碘和10g碘化钾溶于50mL水中,加热,加入2mL冰醋酸后,用水稀释至100mL,制得碘-碘化钾试剂;
称取0.1g物质Q,加至碘-碘化钾中,溶液显棕褐色,证明物质Q中含有生物碱类物质,即物质Q为瑞香狼毒总生物碱。
实施例2-6 瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法
实施例2-6分别为一种瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法,它们的步骤与实施例1基本相同,不同之处仅在于提取过程中所涉及的工艺参数不同,具体详见表1:
表1 实施例2-6中各项工艺参数一览表
实施例7 实施例1-6所提取瑞香狼毒总生物碱用于治疗癫痫的大鼠模型建立
首先取90只大鼠,随机分为30组,其中,6组为对照组,其余24组分别在大鼠腹腔注射氯化锂(180mg/kg ),24h后于大鼠腹腔注射东莨菪碱(2mg/kg),15min后于大鼠腹腔继续注射盐酸匹罗卡品(30 mg/kg)。依据Racine分级对其癫痫发作进行评定,30 min后未出现癫痫发作的大鼠重复给予盐酸匹罗卡品(15 mg/kg),出现癫痫持续状态(statusepilepticus,SE)后60 min于大鼠腹腔注射地西泮注射液(4 mg/kg)以终止SE。
对照组大鼠在相对应的不同时刻注射等量的生理盐水,无癫痫发作;
在24组出现SE状态的大鼠中,随机取6组为SE组,其余18组为给药组;
将实施例1-6提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱分别分为低-x、中-x、高-x共18个剂量组分别给予18组给药组,低-x、中-x、高-x剂量分别为50 mg/(kg·d)、100 mg/(kg·d)、200 mg/(kg·d),给药时间为7天,其中,x代表所给瑞香狼毒总生物碱提取所对应的实施例,如,给药实施例1提取的瑞香狼毒总生物碱的剂量组为低-1、中-1、高-1,依次类推。
实施例8 实施例7中各实验组癫痫大鼠海马MG介导的炎症反应
在癫痫大鼠持续状态终止后不同时刻,将实施例7中SE组和低-1~3、中-1~3、高-1~3的给药组的各组大鼠分别以戊巴比妥(50mg /kg)深麻醉,先经升主动脉灌注生理盐水100mL,再快速灌注4%多聚甲醛溶液(pH7.4)200mL后、慢速灌注300mL。
取脑后,将脑组织置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定过夜,再置于20%的蔗糖水溶液中于4℃冰箱沉底。选择背侧海马部位,用恒冷冰冻切片机冠状位连续切片,脑片切片厚30μm,进行免疫细胞化学染色,收集于0.01M KPBS中,其余置于60%甘油冻存液中-20℃保存备用。另取厚度为10μm的脑切片,贴于多聚赖氨酸处理过的玻片上,-20℃保存。取切片经0.01MKPBS漂洗三次,每次10 min,再经0.3%H2O2的甲醇溶液灭活内源性过氧化物酶,最后浸入含0.3% Triton X-100的0.01M KPBS 30min,之后再在小鼠抗OX-42单克隆抗体(1:1000)中4℃孵育48h,再依次置于生物素化的山羊抗小鼠IgG(1:500)中室温孵育2h、生物素-卵白素-HRP复合物(1:500)孵育室温2h,最后用葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍胺法呈色。然后经常规贴片、干燥、脱水、透明、封片,光镜观察。阴性对照组染色用血清稀释液代替一抗。
参见图1可知,使用的中高剂量组的瑞香狼毒总生物碱能够明显降低、OX-42的表达,从而减少MG的过度激活,保护海马区神经元,具有一定的癫痫治疗作用。
实施例9 实施例7中各实验组CD40在癫痫大鼠海马MG及神经元中的表达
取实施例7中对照组、SE组和低-4~6、中-4~6、高-4~6的给药组的各组大鼠断颈处死,快速取脑后,将脑组织置于4%多聚甲醛溶液中固定,再加入20%蔗糖溶液,4 ℃静置。采用恒冷冰冻切片机于冠状位连续切片,脑片厚10 μm。取切片放入0.01mol/LKPBS缓冲液漂洗3次,每次10 min,经0.3 % H2O2灭活。再浸入含0.3%Triton X-100的0.01 mol/L KPBS30min,加入小鼠抗CD40多克隆抗体(1:100,一抗)于4 ℃孵育24 h,再依次置于生物素化的山羊抗兔IgG ( 1:500二抗)室温孵育2 h、生物素-卵白素-HRP复合物(1:500)室温孵育2h,最后用葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-硫酸镍胺法呈色。
采用免疫荧光双标记法标记SE组,分别加入小鼠抗OX-42抗体(1:500)和兔抗CD40抗体(1:50)、小鼠抗Neu N抗体(1:500)和兔抗CD40抗体(1:50),于4 ℃下孵育48h后加入FITC标记的驴抗兔Ig G(1:500)和Cy3标记的羊抗小鼠Ig G(1:500),避光孵育2 h,漂洗后按常规方法贴片,用缓冲甘油封片,置荧光显微镜下观察。
参见图2可以看出,瑞香狼毒总生物碱能够剂量依赖的降低CD40的数量,在高剂量下,其效果与对照组几乎一样,因此,具有明显的神经元保护作用。
Claims (3)
1.瑞香狼毒总生物碱在制备通过CD40介导的炎症反应作用发挥抗癫痫疗效的药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述瑞香狼毒总生物碱的提取方法是依次按照以下步骤进行:
1)预处理
取瑞香科植物,经烘干、粉碎、筛分,得物料A;
2)浸提
物料A于0-60℃的酸溶液中浸泡1-48h,过滤,得滤液B;
所述酸溶液为中强酸溶液或强酸溶液、浓度为0.5-2mol/L;
3)离子交换树脂吸附
滤液B移至装有活性官能团包括磺酸基和/或羧基的阳离子交换树脂的吸附柱中,进行动态吸附,得吸附柱C;
4)碱化、洗脱
吸附柱C中加入氨水进行碱化,再用有机溶剂洗脱,得洗脱液D;
洗脱液D进行浓缩,即得所述的瑞香狼毒总生物碱;
所述有机溶剂为醚类溶剂,有机溶剂与物料A的体积重量比100-300L:1kg。
2.根据权利要求1所述的瑞香狼毒总生物碱在制备通过CD40介导的炎症反应作用发挥抗癫痫疗效的药物中的应用,其特征在于:
步骤1)中,物料A粒径≤40目;
步骤4)中,氨水的浓度为5-25%,氨水与物料A的体积重量比20-25L:1kg。
3.根据权利要求1所述的瑞香狼毒总生物碱在制备通过CD40介导的炎症反应作用发挥抗癫痫疗效的药物中的应用,其特征在于:步骤4)中,动态吸附的温度为15-60℃;碱化的时间为15-60min。
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