CN110933969A - Method for improving germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds - Google Patents
Method for improving germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds, which comprises seedbed preparation, seed selection, primary seed soaking, secondary seed soaking, sowing and germination period management. The method utilizes the light and simple seedling culture substrate consisting of the sand, the vermiculite and the decomposed mixture to perform seedling sowing and scientific management, thereby greatly reducing the rottenness of the litsea cubeba seeds, having high germination rate, short germination time, uniform and strong seedlings and being beneficial to the development of the litsea cubeba planting industry.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for improving the germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds.
Background
The red cocklebur (acaceae) is a perennial evergreen large-sized woody vine plant of the genus Hexalidium (Olacaceae). The Siberian cocklebur fruit has high edible, medicinal and landscaping ornamental values, and is mainly produced in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong and other places. The litsea cubeba in Guangdong and Guangxi of China grows in the area with the elevation of 280-550 m, and the litsea cubeba in Yunnan and Guizhou grows in the area with the elevation of 1000-1500 m, and is often found in low mountains and hilly areas or mountain stream sides, valleys, dense forests or sparse forests at forest borders or bushes.
The litsea cubeba has the effects of clearing heat and promoting diuresis, and dispelling wind and activating blood circulation, and is commonly used for treating diseases such as hepatitis, tumor, urethritis, acute nephritis and the like in Guangxi folk. In addition, the litsea cubeba belongs to one of the leafy vegetables in the wild vegetables, has unique flavors of freshness, mellowness, aroma and the like, is rich in carotene, vitamins and mineral substances such as iron, zinc, copper, manganese and the like, and has the habit of picking the litsea cubeba as tea for drinking in Guangxi folk. Meanwhile, the litsea japonica flowers are arranged into axillary dimeric cymbidium inflorescence, the corolla is white, the top of the calyx tube is provided with reserved wavy split teeth, the roselle flowering heads are light reddish brown when mature, and the roselle flowering heads are yellow brown after dry; the leaf paper is thick paper, oval, green on the leaf and pink green on the back, and the fruit forms drooping fruit which is blue-purple when ripe, and is the landscape tree species with ornamental value.
Due to the special growing situation of the wild litsea cubeba, the wild litsea cubeba is difficult to pick and cannot meet the market demand, so large-area cultivation is imperative. The research of the litsea cubeba is started late, the research on the aspects of the pretreatment, the germination experiment, the cultivation and the like of the litsea cubeba seeds is less, and the seedling culture method generally comprises the following steps: and (3) spraying 400-600 times of potassium permanganate to a seedbed during sowing, wherein seedling culture media of the seedbed comprise soil, sand beds, pond sludge and the like, and sowing after soaking seeds in warm water at 30 ℃ for 2-4 hours. By adopting the seedling raising method for sowing, the litsea cubeba seeds usually need 40-50 days to germinate, and the problems of rotten seeds, irregular germination, scattered germination of the seeds, strong, weak and strong germinated seeds and the like easily occur in the germination process, so that the exploration of the method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds has a vital role in the popularization and planting of the litsea cubeba.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds, which is characterized in that the litsea cubeba seeds are soaked, the light and simple seedling raising substrate is utilized for seeding the seedlings, the scientific management is carried out, the corruption of the litsea cubeba seeds is greatly reduced, the germination rate of the seeds is high, the germination time is short, the seedlings are uniform and strong.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a layer of seedling culture medium on the seedbed; the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sand and 5-7 parts of vermiculite, uniformly mixing the components, adding 0.8-1.2 parts of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing in the sun for 1-2 days;
(2) seed selection: removing viscous aril from the seeds by using a soft brush after the seeds of the litsea cubeba are harvested on the same day, washing for 2-3 times by using clear water, removing unsaturated seeds by using a water selection method, and selecting good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease;
(3) soaking seeds for one time: soaking seeds in 0.5-1% potassium permanganate solution for 1-3h, washing with clear water for 2-3 times, and soaking seeds in warm water for 1-2 h;
(4) secondary seed soaking: soaking the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment in a root growth promoting solution for 1-2 h;
(5) sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 10-15h before sowing, and adjusting the water content of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with the seedling culture substrate to a thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water to compact the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water;
(6) and (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 500-600 times carbendazim bactericide to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, and removing part of the rotten seeds in time; and (5) sowing for 20-25 days to start germination.
Preferably, the potassium permanganate solution is used for seed soaking, and the seeds are stirred by a clean wood stick for 1-3min every 30-40 min; soaking in warm water, taking out the seeds every 30-40min, air drying for 15-20min, and further soaking in warm water.
Preferably, the root growth promoting solution is 50-500mg/L gibberellin.
Preferably, the root promoting solution is a mixed solution obtained by mixing gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate according to the weight ratio of 1-3:1:1: 1; the concentration of the gibberellin is 50-500mg/L, the concentration of the zeatin is 50-100mg/L, the concentration of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is 100-200mg/L, and the concentration of the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 20-50 mg/L.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, the seedling culture substrate also comprises 5-10 parts of a decomposed mixture; the decomposed mixture comprises 5-10 parts of decomposed coconut chaff, 5-10 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 5-8 parts of decomposed pig manure, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.5-1 part of bifidobacterium.
Preferably, the technical scheme is that 5-10 parts of coconut chaff, 5-10 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 5-8 parts of pig manure, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.5-1 part of bifidobacterium are mixed together, 18-20% by weight of sugar-making wastewater is added for closed fermentation for 5-7 days, and then the mixture is dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain a decomposed mixture.
Preferably, in the step (1), the laying thickness of the seedling substrate is 5-8 cm.
Preferably, in the step (6), 5-10mmol/L betaine is also added into the carbendazim bactericide.
Preferably, the arched film is completely uncovered when the litsea cubeba seeds germinate and grow 4-5 leaves, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time when the illumination is strong in the daytime to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution to promote the growth in the evening, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 15-20 days.
As a further optimization of the technical scheme, when the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of the water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water of 1:1:3 until the seedlings leave the nursery.
The coconut coir has good water retention, the porosity (v/v) of the coconut coir is 94-96%, the water retention capacity is 8-9 days, and the coconut coir can be used as a matrix component to fully maintain the water and the nutrients of the matrix, reduce the loss of the water and the nutrients and be beneficial to the absorption of the litsea cubeba root system to the nutrients and the water; the coconut chaff also has good air permeability, can preserve heat and preserve moisture, ventilate and ventilate, prevent the litsea cubeba seeds and the root system thereof from being corroded, and promote the growth of the root system of the litsea cubeba; the coconut husk also contains rich nutrients and trace elements necessary for the growth of the litsea cubeba, and is beneficial to the growth of the litsea cubeba.
The agricultural and forestry waste has high water transporting and guiding capacity, uniform humidity, convenient source and economic use, becomes decomposed agricultural and forestry waste after being piled and decomposed, and can improve the looseness and the water absorption of the matrix.
The raw materials used in the invention can be purchased from the market.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the method comprises the steps of soaking the seeds of the litsea cubeba for the second time, soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, then soaking the seeds in warm water intermittently, preliminarily promoting the germination of the litsea cubeba seeds, and soaking the seeds in a root growth promoting solution, so that the germination characteristics of the litsea cubeba seeds are further improved, and the germination of the litsea cubeba seeds is greatly promoted by soaking the seeds for the second time.
(2) The germination time of the Chinese litsea japonica seeds subjected to the traditional warm water seed soaking treatment is 40-50 days, the Chinese litsea japonica seeds are subjected to the seed soaking treatment by using gibberellin or a mixed solution consisting of gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate as a root growth promoting solution, the germination time of the Chinese litsea japonica seeds is shortened to 20-25 days, and the germination time of the Chinese litsea japonica seeds is greatly shortened.
(3) The root growth promoting solution is gibberellin or a mixed solution consisting of gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate, has an obvious effect of promoting the germination of the litsea cubeba seeds, greatly reduces the spoilage rate of the litsea cubeba seeds, and obviously improves the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds, wherein the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds is more than 70 percent and can reach 98 percent at most.
(4) The seedling culture substrate disclosed by the invention comprises sand and vermiculite, and is added with a decomposed mixture consisting of decomposed coconut chaff, decomposed agricultural and forestry wastes, decomposed pig manure, bacillus subtilis and bifidobacteria, and the components have synergistic effects, so that the seedling culture substrate is rich in nutrient components, has a longer fertilizer effect, is environment-friendly, light in weight, good in moisture retention and air permeability, is not easy to harden in the use process, has a good cultivation effect on the litsea cubeba seeds, greatly reduces the spoilage of the litsea cubeba seeds, ensures that the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds can reach 98%, and has developed, healthy and robust seedling roots.
(5) The invention focuses on seedling management, adopts an arch film covering mode, has good warming and moisturizing effects, is convenient for seedbed illumination and ventilation regulation, night dew absorption and the like; and the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution consisting of sugar wastewater clear solution, liquid manure and clear water, and the nutrient solution contains organic matters required by the growth of the seedlings, is beneficial to the growth of the seedlings, is uniform and strong, and can shorten the seedling period.
(6) The litsea cubeba seeds belong to short-lived seeds, the service life of the seeds is short, the germination rate of the seeds is low, the seeds adopted by the method are all naturally mature seeds harvested on the same day, the activity of the seeds is strongest at the moment, the seeds are rarely polluted, and the germination rate of the seeds is greatly improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Siberian cocklebur seed collection is carried out in the Siberian cocklebur base of the tropical agricultural science research institute of Binxianxiang southern Asia in Chongxi province, Longzhou county in 2019 at the beginning of 6 months, and a Siberian cocklebur seed germination test is carried out in a unit experiment base.
A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the seedbed; the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 27 parts of sand and 6 parts of vermiculite, and the components are uniformly mixed, and then 1.1 parts of potassium permanganate is added for disinfection, and then the mixture is placed in the sun for 1 day.
(2) Seed selection: collecting the litsea cubeba seeds in the morning, removing sticky aril outside the seeds by using a soft brush, washing for 2-3 times by using clear water, removing unsaturated seeds (less than 0.4 g) by using a water selection method, and selecting good seeds which are full, have no injury and have no disease.
(3) Soaking seeds for one time: soaking the seeds in 0.7% potassium permanganate solution for 2h, and stirring the seeds with a clean wood bar every 40min for 2 min; washing with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1.5 hr, taking out the seeds every 40min, air drying for 15min, and soaking in warm water.
(4) Secondary seed soaking: six groups of seeds (CK group, A group, B group, C group, D group and E group) in parallel are screened from the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment, and 20 seeds are screened from each group; adding clear water, Gibberellin (GA) with concentration of 50mg/L, 100mg/L, 150mg/L, 300mg/L, and 500mg/L respectively3) Soaking in the solution for 1 h.
(5) Sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 14h before sowing, and adjusting the moisture of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; and then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water and compacting the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water.
(6) And (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arch membrane can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arch membrane is covered at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 500 times of carbendazim bactericide to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, timely removing part of rotten seeds to prevent the seeds from rotting and infecting each other, and counting the germination condition of the seeds.
After sowing, the germination was recorded as the length of radicle to seed, the first seed germinated for 25 days, the test period for germination was two months, and the number of germinated seeds was recorded daily.
Each group of treatments was replicated 3 times with 20 seeds each time.
Germination percentage (%) — total number of germinated grains/total number of experimental grains × 100%,
germination vigor (%) -% of germinated seeds/total number of experimental grains within a prescribed number of days (1/3 germination days) × 100%,
statistical analysis of the test data using SPSS gave the following table 1.
TABLE 1 Gibberellins (GA)3) Influence of solution seed soaking on germination of litsea cubeba seeds
From different concentrations of Gibberellin (GA)3) The analysis result of variance of the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds soaked in the solution shows that: gibberellin has remarkable promoting effect on the germination of the litsea cubeba seeds, wherein Gibberellin (GA) with the concentration of 150mg/L is used3) The germination rate of the seeds soaked in the solution reaches 90 percent, and the germination potential of the seeds reaches 38 percent.
Example 2
Collecting Siberian cocklebur seeds in the Siberian cocklebur base of the tropical agricultural science research institute of Binxianxiang southern Asia of Chongzhou county of Chongxi province in 7 months in 2019, and performing a Siberian cocklebur seed germination test in a unit experiment base.
A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the seedbed; the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sand and 7 parts of vermiculite, and the components are uniformly mixed, and then 1.2 parts of potassium permanganate is added for disinfection, and then the mixture is placed in the sun for 2 days.
(2) Seed selection: after harvest of the litsea cubeba seeds on the same day, sticky aril on the outside of the seeds is removed by a soft brush, the seeds are washed for 2-3 times by clear water, unsaturated seeds (less than 0.4 g) are removed by a water selection method, and good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease are selected.
(3) Soaking seeds for one time: soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 1h, and stirring the seeds with a clean wood bar every 30min for 1 min; then washing with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water for 2h, taking out the seeds every 30min, airing for 15min, and continuing to soak in warm water.
(4) Secondary seed soaking: nine groups of seeds are screened from the seeds which are subjected to one-time seed soaking treatment, and each group comprises 20 seeds; respectively soaking in root promoting solution for 1.5h, wherein the root promoting solution is mixed solution of gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate, and the specific conditions of each group are as shown in Table 2 below. Each group of treatments was replicated 3 times with 20 seeds each time.
(5) Sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 10h before sowing, and adjusting the moisture of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; and then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water and compacting the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water.
(6) And (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arch membrane can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arch membrane is covered at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 500 times of carbendazim bactericide and 10mmol/L betaine to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, timely removing part of rotten seeds to prevent the rotten seeds from infecting each other, and counting the germination condition of the seeds, wherein the counting process is the same as that of example 1. The first seed started to germinate 22 days after sowing, and the statistical results are shown in table 2.
When 4-5 leaves grow out in the germination, the arched film is completely uncovered, when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution to promote the growth in the evening, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 15 days. When the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3 until the seedlings leave the nursery, and the survival conditions of the seedlings are counted as shown in table 2.
Survival rate (%) -, survival seedling number/total germination grain number × 100%.
TABLE 2 influence of root-promoting solution seed soaking on the germination and survival rate of the Siberian cocklebur fruit seeds
As can be seen from Table 2, the germination rate and the survival rate of the litsea cubeba seeds soaked by the mixed solution of gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate as the root promoting solution are respectively over 91 percent and over 95 percent; the ratio of gibberellin to zeatin is 150mg/L, zeatin is 75mg/L, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is 150mg/L, and sodium nitrophenolate is 40mg/L, the germination rate can reach 95% when the ratio is 2:1:1:1, and the survival rate can reach 99%.
Comparing table 2 with table 1, it can be seen that the seed soaking of the litsea cubeba seeds with the mixed solution of gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate as the root growth promoting solution has higher germination rate than the seed soaking with the single gibberellin as the root growth promoting solution.
Example 3
A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the seedbed;
the seedling culture substrate adopts three different substrate comparisons:
I. traditional matrix: sand, evenly mixing the seedling substrate, adding 1.0 part of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing in the sun for 2 days.
II. 30 parts of sand and 7 parts of vermiculite, uniformly mixing the seedling culture substrate, adding 1.0 part of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing the mixture in the sun for 2 days.
III, 25 parts of sand, 6 parts of vermiculite and 8 parts of decomposed mixture, uniformly mixing the seedling culture substrate, adding 1.0 part of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing the mixture in the sun for 2 days; the decomposed mixture comprises 8 parts of decomposed coconut chaff, 8 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 6 parts of decomposed pig manure, 0.7 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.8 part of bifidobacterium, the coconut chaff, the agricultural and forestry waste, the pig manure, the bacillus subtilis and the bifidobacterium are mixed together, 18-20% by weight of sugar-making wastewater is added for closed fermentation for 6 days, and then the mixture is dried, crushed and sieved by a sieve with 100 meshes and 200 meshes to obtain the decomposed mixture.
(2) Seed selection: after harvest of the litsea cubeba seeds on the same day, sticky aril on the outside of the seeds is removed by a soft brush, the seeds are washed for 2-3 times by clear water, unsaturated seeds (less than 0.4 g) are removed by a water selection method, and good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease are selected.
(3) Soaking seeds for one time: soaking the seeds in 0.8% potassium permanganate solution for 2h, and stirring the seeds with a clean wood bar every 35min for 2 min; washing with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1.5 hr, taking out the seeds every 35min, air drying for 18min, and soaking in warm water.
(4) Secondary seed soaking: and soaking the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment in a root promoting solution for 1.5h, wherein the root promoting solution is a mixed solution obtained by mixing gibberellin with the concentration of 150mg/L, zeatin with the concentration of 75mg/L, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the concentration of 150mg/L and sodium nitrophenolate with the concentration of 40mg/L according to the weight ratio of 2:1:1: 1.
(5) Sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 12h before sowing, and adjusting the moisture of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; and then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water and compacting the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water.
(6) And (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arch membrane can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arch membrane is covered at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 550 times of carbendazim bactericide and 8mmol/L betaine to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, timely removing part of rotten seeds to prevent the rotten seeds from infecting each other, and counting the germination condition of the seeds, wherein the counting process is the same as that of example 1. The first seed started to germinate 20 days after sowing, and the statistical results are shown in table 3.
When 4-5 leaves grow out in the germination, the arched film is completely uncovered, when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution to promote the growth in the evening, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 18 days. When the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3 until the seedlings leave the nursery, and the survival conditions of the seedlings are counted as shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 influence of the seedling-raising substrate on the germination and survival rate of the litsea cubeba seeds
| Treatment of | Seedling raising substrate composition | Percentage of germination (%) | Survival rate (%) |
| Ⅰ | Sand | 90 | 95 |
| Ⅱ | Sand, vermiculite | 95 | 99 |
| Ⅲ | Sand, vermiculite, decomposed mixture | 98 | 99.9 |
As can be seen from table 3, the litsea cubeba seeds soaked by the mixed solution of gibberellin 150mg/L, zeatin 75mg/L, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 150mg/L and sodium nitrophenolate 40mg/L in the ratio of 2:1:1:1 are sown on the seedling raising substrate of the mixture of sand, vermiculite and decomposed soil, the germination rate can reach 98%, the survival rate can reach 99.9%, the germination rate and the survival rate are higher than those of the seedling raising substrate of pure sand and are also higher than those of the seedling raising substrate of sand and vermiculite, and the small amount of decomposed soil mixture added into the sand and the vermiculite can promote germination and root growth of the litsea cubeba seeds, so that the germination rate and the survival rate of the litsea cubeba seeds are further improved, and the development, health and stoutness of the roots of the seedlings are facilitated.
Example 4
A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the seedbed; the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of sand, 7 parts of vermiculite and 5 parts of decomposed mixture, uniformly mixing the components, adding 1.2 parts of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing the mixture in the sun for 2 days.
The used decomposed mixture comprises 10 parts of decomposed coconut coir, 5 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 8 parts of decomposed pig manure, 0.5 part of bacillus subtilis and 1 part of bifidobacterium, the coconut coir, the agricultural and forestry waste, the pig manure, the bacillus subtilis and the bifidobacterium are mixed together, 18-20% by weight of sugar-making wastewater is added for closed fermentation for 7 days, and then the mixture is dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed mixture.
(2) Seed selection: after harvest of the litsea cubeba seeds on the same day, sticky aril on the outside of the seeds is removed by a soft brush, the seeds are washed for 2-3 times by clear water, unsaturated seeds (less than 0.4 g) are removed by a water selection method, and good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease are selected.
(3) Soaking seeds for one time: soaking the seeds in 1% potassium permanganate solution for 1h, and stirring the seeds with a clean wood bar every 40min for 1 min; then washing with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water for 2h, taking out the seeds every 30min, airing for 15min, and continuing to soak in warm water.
(4) Secondary seed soaking: soaking the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment in a root promoting solution for 2 hours, wherein the root promoting solution is a mixed solution obtained by mixing 400mg/L of gibberellin, 100mg/L of zeatin, 100mg/L of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 50mg/L of compound sodium nitrophenolate according to the weight ratio of 1:1:1: 1.
(5) Sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 10h before sowing, and adjusting the moisture of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; and then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water and compacting the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water.
(6) And (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arch membrane can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arch membrane is covered at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 500 times of carbendazim bactericide and 10mmol/L betaine to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, and timely removing part of rotten seeds; germination was started 20 days after sowing. When 4-5 leaves grow out in the germination, the arched film is completely uncovered, when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution to promote the growth in the evening, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 15 days. When the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of the water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3 until the seedlings are out of the nursery.
The germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds is 97.5 percent, and the survival rate is 99.5 percent.
Example 5
A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba comprises the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 5-8cm on the seedbed; the seedling substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of sand, 5 parts of vermiculite and 10 parts of decomposed mixture, uniformly mixing the components, adding 0.8 part of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing the mixture in the sun for 1 day.
The used decomposed mixture comprises 5 parts of decomposed coconut coir, 10 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 5 parts of decomposed pig manure, 1 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.5 part of bifidobacterium, the coconut coir, the agricultural and forestry waste, the pig manure, the bacillus subtilis and the bifidobacterium are mixed together, 18-20% by weight of sugar-making wastewater is added for closed fermentation for 5 days, and then the mixture is dried, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain the decomposed mixture.
(2) Seed selection: after harvest of the litsea cubeba seeds on the same day, sticky aril on the outside of the seeds is removed by a soft brush, the seeds are washed for 2-3 times by clear water, unsaturated seeds (less than 0.4 g) are removed by a water selection method, and good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease are selected.
(3) Soaking seeds for one time: soaking the seeds in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 3h, and stirring the seeds with a clean wood bar every 30min for 3 min; then washing with clear water for 2-3 times, soaking the seeds in warm water for 1h, taking out the seeds every 40min, airing for 20min, and continuing to soak in warm water.
(4) Secondary seed soaking: soaking the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment in a root promoting solution for 1h, wherein the root promoting solution is a mixed solution obtained by mixing gibberellin with the concentration of 500mg/L, zeatin with the concentration of 50mg/L, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate with the concentration of 200mg/L and compound sodium nitrophenolate with the concentration of 20mg/L according to the weight ratio of 3:1:1: 1.
(5) Sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 15h before sowing, and adjusting the moisture of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; and then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with a seedling culture substrate with the thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water and compacting the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water.
(6) And (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arch membrane can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arch membrane is covered at night, the temperature in the arch membrane is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 600 times of carbendazim bactericide and 5mmol/L betaine to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, and timely removing part of rotten seeds; germination was started 20 days after sowing. When 4-5 leaves grow out in the germination, the arched film is completely uncovered, when the illumination is strong in the daytime, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time to prevent the seedlings from being burnt, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution to promote the growth in the evening, and the nutrient solution is sprayed once every 20 days later. When the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of the water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3 until the seedlings are out of the nursery.
The germination rate and the survival rate of the litsea cubeba seeds are 97% and 99.3%.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) preparing a seedbed: deeply ploughing and finely crushing seedbed soil, managing and leveling soil moisture and ridging, and then paving a layer of seedling culture medium on the seedbed; the seedling raising substrate comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of sand and 5-7 parts of vermiculite, uniformly mixing the components, adding 0.8-1.2 parts of potassium permanganate for disinfection, and then placing in the sun for 1-2 days;
(2) seed selection: removing viscous aril from the seeds by using a soft brush after the seeds of the litsea cubeba are harvested on the same day, washing for 2-3 times by using clear water, removing unsaturated seeds by using a water selection method, and selecting good seeds which are full in development, have no injury and have no disease;
(3) soaking seeds for one time: soaking seeds in 0.5-1% potassium permanganate solution for 1-3h, washing with clear water for 2-3 times, and soaking seeds in warm water for 1-2 h;
(4) secondary seed soaking: soaking the seeds subjected to the primary seed soaking treatment in a root growth promoting solution for 1-2 h;
(5) sowing: spraying water to the seedbed 10-15h before sowing, and adjusting the water content of the seedling substrate to 60-80%; then dibbling the seeds subjected to secondary seed soaking treatment on a seedbed, covering the seedbed with the seedling culture substrate to a thickness of 0.5-1cm, spraying water to compact the seedbed by using a spray head after sowing, and covering an arch film on the seedbed for heat preservation and moisture preservation after spraying water;
(6) and (3) management of a germination period: the two ends of the arched film can be opened when the temperature is high in the daytime, the arched film is covered at night, the temperature in the arched film is kept between 25 and 35 ℃, and the air humidity is 70 to 85 percent; spraying 500-600 times carbendazim bactericide to the seedbed every week, checking the germination condition, and removing part of the rotten seeds in time; and (5) sowing for 20-25 days to start germination.
2. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the potassium permanganate solution is used for seed soaking, and the seeds are stirred by a clean wood stick for 1-3min every 30-40 min; soaking in warm water, taking out the seeds every 30-40min, air drying for 15-20min, and further soaking in warm water.
3. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting promoting solution is 50-500mg/L gibberellin.
4. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rooting promoting solution is a mixed solution obtained by mixing gibberellin, zeatin, diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and compound sodium nitrophenolate according to a weight ratio of 1-3:1:1: 1; the concentration of the gibberellin is 50-500mg/L, the concentration of the zeatin is 50-100mg/L, the concentration of the diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate is 100-200mg/L, and the concentration of the compound sodium nitrophenolate is 20-50 mg/L.
5. The method for improving the germination rate of the seeds of the litsea cubeba as claimed in claim 4, wherein the seedling substrate further comprises 5-10 parts of a decomposed mixture; the decomposed mixture comprises 5-10 parts of decomposed coconut chaff, 5-10 parts of decomposed agricultural and forestry waste, 5-8 parts of decomposed pig manure, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.5-1 part of bifidobacterium.
6. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 5, wherein 5-10 parts of coconut coir, 5-10 parts of agricultural and forestry waste, 5-8 parts of pig manure, 0.5-1 part of bacillus subtilis and 0.5-1 part of bifidobacterium are mixed together, 18-20% by weight of sugar-making wastewater is added for closed fermentation for 5-7 days, and then the mixture is dried in the sun, crushed and sieved by a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain a decomposed mixture.
7. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the laying thickness of the seedling substrate is 5-8 cm.
8. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (6), 5-10mmol/L betaine is further added into the carbendazim bactericide.
9. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein the arched film is completely uncovered when the litsea cubeba seeds germinate and grow 4-5 leaves, a sunshade net is covered above the seedbed in time when the illumination is strong in the daytime to prevent seedlings from burning, the seedlings are sprayed with nutrient solution in the evening to promote growth, and the nutrient solution is sprayed every 15-20 days later.
10. The method for improving the germination rate of the litsea cubeba seeds as claimed in claim 9, wherein when the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings for the first time, the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:8, then the volume ratio of the water is gradually reduced until the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water is 1:1:3, and then the nutrient solution is sprayed to the seedlings according to the volume ratio of the clear liquid of the sugar-making wastewater, the manure and the clear water being 1:1:3 until the seedlings are out of the nursery.
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