CN110903134A - Foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110903134A CN110903134A CN201911175197.1A CN201911175197A CN110903134A CN 110903134 A CN110903134 A CN 110903134A CN 201911175197 A CN201911175197 A CN 201911175197A CN 110903134 A CN110903134 A CN 110903134A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention relates to a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and a preparation method thereof. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following compound raw materials in parts by weight: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat. The beneficial effects are as follows: the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters can provide comprehensive nutrient elements for plant growth, regulate the immune system of plants, promote the plant growth, can be used in the whole growth period of crops, and has the advantages of cost reduction, efficiency improvement, simple preparation process and production cost reduction. The biological characters of crops can be obviously improved, the growth vigor and the growth phase are improved, and the plant height, the crown diameter and the weight average of single plants are obviously increased; can remarkably improve the yield of crops and has obvious benefits of increasing both production and income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and a preparation method thereof.
Background
There are two main ways of absorbing nutrient elements during plant growth and development, namely roots and leaves. The crop can absorb the nutrition from soil or nutrient solution through root to supply the nutrition to plant, besides root, the crop can also absorb the nutrition through stem and leaf (especially leaf), the phenomenon that the non-root absorbs the nutrition during the growth of the crop is the nutrition outside the root of the crop, and the measure of applying the fertilizer to the surface of the nutrient absorber except the root of the crop is the foliar fertilizer. However, the existing foliar fertilizer mainly improves the commodity of crops, is deficient in adjusting plant metabolism, avoiding insect pests, inhibiting diseases and improving the quality of crops, and has the disadvantages of large application amount, multiple times, high cost of manpower and material resources and high production cost of crops. And when the foliar fertilizer is prepared and produced, the process is complex, the steps are multiple, the production cost is increased, and the popularization is not facilitated.
Lignite is mineral coal with a relatively low coalification degree, is an initial product of organic biogenic rock which is transformed by dehydration and compaction after peat deposition, and is named because the appearance is brown or dark brown. The lignite storage capacity is large, but the defects of high moisture and high ash content are undoubtedly revealed and are difficult to utilize all the time, the key point is that the heat generation efficiency is influenced by the overhigh water content, so the lignite can be utilized only after being upgraded, the existing lignite drying and upgrading system directly uses the lignite after being dried as electric coal, the water smoke after the lignite is dried and upgraded reaches the emission standard and then discharges gas, and the lignite extracting solution is used as a byproduct for drying and upgrading the lignite. The applicant researches lignite drying and upgrading and agricultural fertilizers for a long time and finds that the treated lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the lignite extracting solution have great utilization value in the field of fertilizers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and a preparation method thereof based on a lignite extracting solution in a lignite drying and upgrading process and treated lignite high-efficiency coal powder. After being compounded, the raw materials have the functions of improving quality and enhancing efficiency of fertilizer efficiency.
The invention provides a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters, which adopts the technical scheme that:
the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following compound raw materials in parts by weight: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat.
Preferably, the foliar fertilizer comprises the following compound raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of lignite mother liquor 550-containing liquid, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat.
Preferably, the lignite mother liquor is obtained by performing salinization extraction on lignite high-efficiency coal powder and then adjusting the pH value of an acid extracting solution to 5-7 by using lignite.
Preferably, the lignite extracting solution is obtained by condensing water smoke after lignite is upgraded by drying through high-temperature smoke.
Preferably, the mass fraction (by a drying basis) of the organic matter of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is more than 70%, the mass fraction of the moisture of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is less than 10%, and the granularity is less than 1 mm.
Preferably, the coal-alkali ratio of salinization extraction of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is 10: 1, mixing coal base and dissolving the mixture by using demineralized water, wherein the ratio of coal to the demineralized water is 1: 1.
preferably, the lignite extract has a PH of 3-5, total acids in acetic acid >600 mg/kg, measured by potentiometric titration.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters, which comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a;
s2, adding desalted water into the raw material a, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain a liquid b;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat;
s6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters.
Preferably, the preparation method of the lignite extracting solution and the lignite high-efficiency coal powder comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that powdery lignite and high-temperature hot air with low oxygen content are led into a cavity of a drying device in a cocurrent flow mode, the powdery lignite is depolymerized and dispersed at a high speed in the drying device and directly contacted with the hot air to perform high-efficiency heat exchange, an induced draft fan is arranged at the tail end of an air outlet of the drying device, so that negative pressure is generated in the cavity of the drying device, water smoke in the drying device is led out under the action of the negative pressure, and after the water smoke is subjected to dust removal treatment, the water smoke is; and discharging the dried lignite from the drying device to obtain the lignite high-efficiency coal powder.
Preferably, the temperature of the hot air flow is 600-.
The implementation of the invention comprises the following technical effects:
the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters can provide comprehensive nutrient elements for plant growth, regulate the immune system of plants, promote the plant growth, can be used in the whole growth period of crops, and has the advantages of cost reduction, efficiency improvement, simple preparation process and production cost reduction. The biological characters of crops can be obviously improved, the growth vigor and the growth phase are improved, and the plant height, the crown diameter and the weight average of single plants are obviously increased; can remarkably improve the yield of crops and has obvious benefits of increasing both production and income. After being compounded, the raw materials have the functions of improving quality and enhancing efficiency of fertilizer efficiency. The foliar liquid fertilizer is easy to be absorbed by plants, and is beneficial to sterilizing, expelling parasites, inhibiting plant diseases and insect pests, promoting the autoimmune system of the plants, strengthening roots, promoting seedlings, promoting the absorption of the plants, regulating the metabolism of the plants, improving the soil and improving the quality and stress resistance of the crops; can be widely used for grain, vegetable, melon and fruit, tea, edible fungus, garden plant, Chinese herbal medicine and other economic crops.
According to the invention, the lignite mother liquor contains rich organic matters, is applied by matching with a large amount of, medium amount of and trace elements of plants, can provide comprehensive nutrient elements for plant growth, improves crop disease resistance, improves the content of nutrient substances of products, adjusts the growth and development state of the plants, increases the crop side root amount, improves the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduces the usage amount of pesticides, improves crop stress resistance, improves crop yield, can be sprayed on leaf surfaces and micro-sprayed, can also be used as root topdressing, and is convenient to apply.
The lignite extracting solution is prepared by drying and upgrading lignite through high-temperature flue gas, lignite is complex in component and has available high-value components, a lot of natural substances such as organic matters are blended in dried water flue gas of lignite due to the high-temperature effect, and the foliar fertilizer rich in the organic matters is prepared by compounding lignite mother liquor and other components, so that the foliar fertilizer can promote root system growth and plant growth, sterilize and expel insects, inhibit plant diseases and insect pests, promote plant absorption, adjust plant metabolism and have a synergistic effect in the aspect of improving crop quality.
The main compound raw materials of the invention utilize the lignite with high natural reserves as the raw material, the cost is low, and the lignite can be dehydrated and upgraded, and the coal with economic value can be obtained.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, which are intended to facilitate the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting in any way.
Example 1
The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a; preferably, the coal-alkali ratio of salinization extraction of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is 10: 1, has better effect;
s2, adding demineralized water to the raw material a, preferably in a ratio of coal to demineralized water of 1: 1, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain a liquid b, and the better effect is achieved;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 500 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20 parts of urea, 5 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5 parts of boric acid, 3 parts of copper sulfate and 2 parts of amine fresh grease;
s6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters;
and S8, packaging the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and warehousing, and placing the foliar fertilizer in a shade place for storage.
It is noted that the feeding sequence and method of the fertilizer can ensure that the compounded raw materials do not influence each other.
The preparation method of the lignite extracting solution and the lignite high-efficiency coal powder comprises the following steps: the lignite raw material is crushed by the crusher and then conveyed to a vibrating screen through the scraper conveyor, and the vibrating screen screens out powdery lignite with set particle size; the method comprises the following steps that powdery lignite and high-temperature hot air with low oxygen content are led into a cavity of a drying device in a cocurrent flow mode, the powdery lignite is depolymerized and dispersed at a high speed in the drying device and directly contacted with the hot air to perform high-efficiency heat exchange, an induced draft fan is arranged at the tail end of an air outlet of the drying device, so that negative pressure is generated in the cavity of the drying device, water smoke in the drying device is led out under the action of the negative pressure, and after the water smoke is subjected to dust removal treatment, the water smoke is; and discharging the dried lignite from the drying device to obtain the lignite high-efficiency coal powder. Particularly, the water smoke can be condensed through the shift sprinkling technology, and the water smoke is condensed into liquid after flowing through the shift sprinkling plate, so that the equipment transformation cost is low, and the liquefaction effect is good. The temperature of the hot air flow is 600-1300 ℃, the oxygen content is less than 12 percent, and the negative pressure in the cavity of the drying device is 900-6000 Pa. According to the above description, the skilled person can select the existing lignite drying and upgrading equipment according to the above steps, and the details are not repeated herein.
The mass fraction (calculated by a drying base) of the organic matter of the lignite high-efficiency coal dust is more than 70%, the mass fraction of the water content of the lignite high-efficiency coal dust is less than 10%, and the granularity is less than 1 mm. The pH value of the lignite extract is 3-5, the total acid (calculated by acetic acid) is more than 600 mg/kg, and the measuring method is a potentiometric titration method. The lignite extracting solution comprises one, more or all of acetic acid, formic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 2, 4, 6-trimethylpyridine, benzyl alcohol, phenol, p-cresol, m-cresol, diethyl sulfite, 4-volkonyl butyrate acetyl ester, ethyl dichloroacetate, 2, 4, 5-trimethylpyridine, diethylene glycol, volkonone, 4-methylquinoline, 3-methylquinoline, 7-methylquinoline, p-volkonyl anisole, quinoline, isoquinoline, 2, 6-volkonyl copper phenate, 2, 4-volkonyl copper phenate, vinyl acetic acid or cyclopropanecarboxylic acid. The lignite extracting solution is evaluated to be actually nontoxic through an acute oral toxicity grading standard.
Example 2
A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a; preferably, the coal-alkali ratio of salinization extraction of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is close to 10: 1;
s2, adding demineralized water to the feed a, preferably in a ratio of coal to demineralized water of approximately 1: 1, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain liquid b;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 25 parts of urea, 8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 8 parts of boric acid, 5 parts of copper sulfate and 3 parts of amine fresh grease.
S6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters;
and S8, packaging the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and warehousing, and placing the foliar fertilizer in a shade place for storage.
It is noted that the feeding sequence and method of the fertilizer can ensure that the compounded raw materials do not influence each other.
Example 3
A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a; preferably, the coal-alkali ratio of salinization extraction of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is close to 10: 1.
s2, adding demineralized water to the feed a, preferably in a ratio of coal to demineralized water of approximately 1: 1, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain liquid b;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: the lignite is prepared from a lignite mother liquor 550 parts, monopotassium phosphate 25 parts, urea 23 parts, ammonium molybdate 7 parts, boric acid 7 parts, copper sulfate 4 parts and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate 3 parts. Only consists of the raw materials, and no other raw materials are added;
s6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters;
and S8, packaging the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and warehousing, and placing the foliar fertilizer in a shade place for storage.
It is noted that the feeding sequence and method of the fertilizer can ensure that the compounded raw materials do not influence each other.
Example 4
A preparation method of a foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters comprises the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a; preferably, the coal-alkali ratio of salinization extraction of the lignite high-efficiency coal powder is close to 10: 1.
s2, adding demineralized water to the feed a, preferably in a ratio of coal to demineralized water of approximately 1: 1, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain liquid b;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 700 parts of lignite mother liquor, 25 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 23 parts of urea, 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of boric acid, 4 parts of copper sulfate and 3 parts of amine fresh grease.
S6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters;
and S8, packaging the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters and warehousing, and placing the foliar fertilizer in a shade place for storage.
It is noted that the feeding sequence and method of the fertilizer can ensure that the compounded raw materials do not influence each other.
On the premise of consistent high yield cultivation management measures, the test adopts a random block arrangement test design, a foliar fertilizer treatment group rich in organic matters is arranged, two control groups (control 1 and control 2) are arranged, each group is repeated for three times, the results are averaged, the area of a cell is 20 square meters (2.00m multiplied by 10.00m), the planting row spacing is 20cm multiplied by 20cm, 500 plants are planted in each cell, 16667 raw vegetables are planted per mu, and protective rows are arranged on the periphery.
TABLE 1 biological and economic Properties of lettuce treated according to the invention and those treated according to the control
Table 2 real yield table of the cell treated by the present invention and the control example
TABLE 3 Table of the yield and economic benefits of the inventive and comparative treatments
Table 4 lettuce quality table treated according to the invention and the comparative example
In conclusion, based on habitual fertilization, the lettuce is taken as an example, and the organic matter-containing foliar fertilizer can obviously improve the biological properties of the lettuce, improve the growth vigor and growth phase and obviously increase the plant height, the crown diameter and the weight average of single plants by applying the organic matter-containing foliar fertilizer to the lettuce; can remarkably improve the yield of lettuce and has obvious benefits of increasing both production and income. Compared with the treatment of the clear water, the application of the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters increases the yield by more than 1000 kilograms per mu, the amplification is more than 25 percent, and the yield difference reaches an extremely obvious level; the net income increase is more than 1000 yuan per mu compared with the habitual fertilization treatment.
According to the invention, the lignite mother liquor contains rich organic matters, is applied by matching with a large amount of, medium amount of and trace elements of plants, can provide comprehensive nutrient elements for plant growth, improves crop disease resistance, improves the content of nutrient substances of products, adjusts the growth and development state of the plants, increases the crop side root amount, improves the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduces the usage amount of pesticides, improves crop stress resistance, improves crop yield, can be sprayed on leaf surfaces and micro-sprayed, can also be used as root topdressing, and is convenient to apply.
The applicant tests the four embodiments of the invention on different crops, the effect is very obvious, and the invention can be widely used for grain, vegetable, melon and fruit, tea, edible fungi, garden plants, Chinese herbal medicine and other economic crops. The above describes a set of data for lettuce experiments to support the unexpected technical effect of the present invention.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, and not for limiting the protection scope of the present invention, although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters is characterized by comprising the following compound raw materials in parts by weight: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat.
2. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters of claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following compounded raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of lignite mother liquor 550-containing liquid, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 6-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat.
3. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the lignite mother liquor is obtained by performing salinization extraction on lignite high-efficiency coal powder and then adjusting the pH value to 5-7 with a lignite extracting solution.
4. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the lignite extract is obtained by condensing the water smoke after upgrading lignite by drying with high temperature smoke.
5. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matter as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass fraction of organic matter of the lignite high efficiency coal dust is > 70%, the mass fraction of water of the lignite high efficiency coal dust is < 10%, and the particle size is <1 mm.
6. The foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters of claim 3, wherein the coal-alkali ratio of salination extraction of lignite high-efficiency coal powder is 10: 1, mixing coal base and dissolving the mixture by using demineralized water, wherein the ratio of coal to the demineralized water is 1: 1.
7. an organic matter rich foliar fertilizer of any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the lignite extract has a pH of 3 to 5 and total acids in acetic acid >600 mg/kg and the measurement is potentiometric titration.
8. The preparation method of the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, uniformly mixing the lignite high-efficiency coal powder and the potassium hydroxide tablets to obtain a raw material a;
s2, adding desalted water into the raw material a, mixing and stirring until the reaction temperature is reduced to room temperature to obtain a liquid b;
s3, adding the lignite extracting solution into the liquid b, mixing and stirring until the pH value of the mixed liquid is 5-7 to obtain a liquid c;
s4, filtering the liquid c to obtain a lignite mother liquor;
s5, preparing compound raw materials in parts by weight as follows: 800 parts of lignite mother liquor, 20-30 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 20-25 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-8 parts of boric acid, 3-5 parts of copper sulfate and 2-3 parts of amine fresh fat;
s6, sequentially adding potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, ammonium molybdate, boric acid and copper sulfate into the lignite mother liquor, and obtaining a liquid d after the last link is mixed and dissolved when the next component is added;
s7, adding the amine fresh fat into the liquid d to obtain the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters.
9. The method for preparing the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method for preparing the lignite extract and the lignite high-efficiency coal powder comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that powdery lignite and high-temperature hot air with low oxygen content are led into a cavity of a drying device in a cocurrent flow mode, the powdery lignite is depolymerized and dispersed at a high speed in the drying device and directly contacted with the hot air to perform high-efficiency heat exchange, an induced draft fan is arranged at the tail end of an air outlet of the drying device, so that negative pressure is generated in the cavity of the drying device, water smoke in the drying device is led out under the action of the negative pressure, and after the water smoke is subjected to dust removal treatment, the water smoke is; and discharging the dried lignite from the drying device to obtain the lignite high-efficiency coal powder.
10. The method for preparing the foliar fertilizer rich in organic matters as claimed in claim 9, wherein the temperature of the hot air flow is 600 ℃ and the oxygen content is less than 12%, and the negative pressure in the drying device cavity is 900-6000 Pa.
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