CN1108997C - 涂层玻璃的改进式或涉及涂层玻璃的改进 - Google Patents
涂层玻璃的改进式或涉及涂层玻璃的改进 Download PDFInfo
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- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
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Abstract
一种高性能太阳控制玻璃,包括一个带有涂层的玻璃基质,所说的涂层包括一个吸热层和一个金属氧化物的低热辐射层。优选的吸热层优先在700nm以上的波长吸收,例如,可以是非化学计量的或掺杂的氧化钨、氧化钴、氧化铬、氧化铁或氧化钒的涂层。优选的低热辐射层是半导体金属氧化物涂层,例如,掺杂的氧化锡或掺杂的氧化铟。由于这些涂层的性质,所说的涂层可以具有中性的颜色,并适用于在玻璃的生产过程中,通过热解法,如化学气相沉积在玻璃带上的在线沉积。
Description
本发明涉及涂层玻璃,特别是高性能太阳控制涂层玻璃。
对于太阳控制玻璃的要求不断增加,尤其是在反射和透射两方面都表现出中性颜色的高性能太阳控制玻璃。所谓“高性能”太阳控制玻璃是指那些透射入射光的百分比明显高于总入射辐射能(太阳热)百分比的玻璃。含有添加铁的本体着色玻璃能够提供高太阳控制性能,但是所说的铁易于使玻璃着成绿色,绿色不是都可以接受的。其它添加剂的掺杂,例如,硒与金属氧化物如氧化钴的组合可以把所说的绿色转变成更中性的颜色,但是这要以某些性能的损失为代价,即入射热:透射的入射光的比例增大。
在英国专利申请GB2288818A中描述了具有低太阳指数和高纯度反射色的热解涂层的装配玻璃板。GB2288818A描述了一种涂层玻璃,它包括一种玻璃基质,涂敷有含有钴、铁、和铬的氧化物的第一个涂层和含有氮化铝、氧化铝,氧化锡或氧化钛、氧化锆或氧化硅的具有特定折光率的介电的第二个涂层。在加拿大专利说明书CA1117383中,描述了在玻璃上的透明的彩色的金属和金属氧化物膜的耐磨性的改善方法。CA1117383描述了一种用含有铁、铬、和钴的氧化物的着色层和厚度范围为30-80nm的氟掺杂的氧化锡的第二层涂敷基质的方法。
在多层叠层中,与合适的介电层组合的引入银层的涂层可以提供高性能的太阳控制产品,在反射和透射两方面都接近中性,但是具有明显的缺点。首先,合适的银层在在线沉积法中是不容许的,在在线沉积法中,在生产玻璃带时,即在玻璃板切割和从生产线上移走之前,把涂层涂敷到热的玻璃条板上,这样的银层是通过离线低压技术如磁控溅射涂敷合适的银层。其次,这样的银涂层具有有限的物理耐久性,在加工过程中需要仔细的保护和操作,而且在最终制品中需要对所说的涂层玻璃进行保护,例如在多重装配体中用朝向该组合体的空间方向的涂层装配。
理想的涂层是可以提供高性能太阳控制的没有上述银涂层缺点的釉层,优选的是,该涂层在反射和透射方面具有近中性的颜色,或者至少对上述的高性能本体着色玻璃的绿色反射和透射颜色特性提供一种选择。
根据本发明,提出一种高性能太阳控制的涂层玻璃,包括一种玻璃基质和一种涂层,所述涂层包括一个吸热层和一个在所说的吸热层上的金属化合物的低热辐射层,特征在于所说的低热辐射涂层的厚度在100~600nm范围内,所说的涂层玻璃的热辐射系数小于0.4。
本发明由所附的示意图说明,但是不受其限制,其中:
图1表示根据本发明的一个实施方案的涂层玻璃的截面。
图2表示根据本发明的第二个优选的实施方案的涂层玻璃的截面。
图3表示结合如图1所示的的涂层玻璃的双层装配体的截面。
参考图1,高性能太阳控制涂层玻璃1包括玻璃基质11,优选的是透明浮法玻璃,和涂层12,涂层12包括吸热层14和低热辐射的金属化合物层13。
图2所示的实施方案与图1的实施方案相似,涂层玻璃2包括玻璃基质21,优选的是透明浮法玻璃,和涂层22。然而,涂层22不同于涂层12,除了吸热层24和低热辐射系数层23以外,它还包括下面要进一步讨论的虹彩抑制底层25。
图3说明图1的涂层玻璃板1,与第二块装配材料31,一般是浮法玻璃,按平行间隔组装,通过间隔和密封系统32将所说的玻璃板隔开并且密封在一起,形成具有空气间隔33的双层装配玻璃。所说的涂层12面对所说的装配体的空气间隔33。
为了提高性能,理想的是所说的涂层的吸热层优先吸收700nm以上波长的光;优选的是,它基本上对光谱的可见光区是不吸收的。所说的吸热层基本上可以是透明的导电的氧化物涂层,氧化钨是优选的,因为它在900nm左右表现出的特征吸收峰。
氧化钨以导电和介电两种形式存在。化学计量氧化钨,WO3,是介电的,基本上在近红外光区是不吸收的。非化学计量氧化钨,WO3-x,式中x通常最高为约0.03(优选的是在0.005-0.025的范围之内),和掺杂的氧化钨是导电的并且适用于本发明的实践中,掺杂的氧化钨含有合适的不同电价的掺杂物,例如,氢,氟,碱金属,铜,银或金。
在美国专利说明书US5034246中,描述了一种金属有机沉积方法,用于通过向具有铟锡氧化物导电层的玻璃基制涂敷烷基胺钨酸盐,然后加热所涂敷的基质来形成氧化物薄膜。
在本发明中,用作在低热辐射层之下的吸热层的氧化钨层可以是晶体或非晶体。如果是晶体,避免太大的晶体尺寸通常是优选的,因为大晶体尺寸易于导致雾状外观。
可以用来形成吸热层的其它吸热材料包括其它的着色过渡金属氧化物如氧化铬,氧化钴,氧化铁,氧化钼,氧化铌和氧化钒;也可以使用这些金属氧化物的混合物。
所说的吸热层通常的厚度范围是50-500nm,尤其是80-200nm。
低热辐射层是一种金属化合物层,通常是一种金属氧化物(因为其它低热辐射化合物例如金属氮化物和金属硅化物易于具有较低的透光率),以及透明半导体,如掺杂的铟,锡或锌的氧化物。优选的材料包括锡掺杂的氧化铟和氟掺杂的氧化锡。所说的低热辐射系数层的厚度通常在100-600nm范围内(因为使用较厚的层可能导致透光率的不必要减少而没有充分减少热辐射系数来补偿),尤其是厚度在200-500nm范围内。虽然优选的是使用提供0.2或更小的热辐射系数的低热辐射系数层,但是所说的低热辐射层可以具有小于0.4的热辐射系数(本专利所描述的和所附权利要求书中引用的热辐射系数值是根据ISO10292:1994,附录A测量的热辐射系数的正常值)。
所说的涂层的低热辐射层一般覆盖在吸热层上面,使涂层朝向组装空间的内部来组装所说的太阳控制玻璃(一般是一个建筑物,但不是必须的)。
正如在本发明中薄膜的使用可以导致干涉色和虹彩的外观。为了避免或至少减弱来自干涉作用的不希望的颜色,在沉积所说的吸热层和低热辐射层之前,可以将一种颜色抑制底层涂敷到所说的玻璃上。这种虹彩抑制底层的组成和沉积在以前出版的专利包括GB2 031 756B,UK2 115 315B,US5 168 003和EP0275 662B中作了描述。因此,根据本发明的优选的方面,虹彩抑制底层结合在包括吸热层和低热辐射层的涂层之下。
一个附加层可以结合在所说的涂层之上,例如作为一个防反射层,但是这种覆盖层的使用可以导致低热辐射性的损失,即热辐射系数增大,通常不是优选的。
本发明的吸热层和低热辐射层可以用已知技术沉积,例如通过溅射,包括反应溅射,或通过化学气相沉积。实际上,上述的两种涂层易于通过化学气相沉积技术沉积是本发明的一个重要优点,在玻璃生产过程中提供把所说的涂层涂敷到热的玻璃带的可能性。在EP0 523 877A1和EP 0546 669 B1中描述了利用化学气相沉积法沉积吸热层的方法,而在GB 2 026 454B,US 5 004 490和EP 0 365 239B中描述了利用化学气相沉积法沉积金属氧化物低热辐射层的方法。
本发明由下列实施例说明但是不受其限制。在这些实施例中,如在专利描述和权利要求书的其余部分中,所述的可见光透射率用光源C测量。所说的总太阳热透射率是用太阳光谱辐照度函数(ASTM E87-981)来测量,该函数表示在北纬37°(空气质量1.5),光在一个表面上的垂直辐射入射光。
实施例1
向一种如EP0 275 662B中所述的3mm的透明浮法玻璃带涂敷一种虹彩抑制底层,含有硅,碳和氧,厚度为650nm,折射率约为1.7。
通过传统的反应磁控直流溅射在所说的底层上用约100nm厚的掺杂氢的吸热氧化钨层涂敷从所说的玻璃带上切下的玻璃板,提供在910nm波长的70%的吸收峰(在没有底层时,在透明的3mm浮法玻璃上测量)。
使用含有10原子%锡的铟锡靶,通过传统的反应磁控直流溅射在所说的氧化钨层上沉积一个约265nm厚的铟锡氧化物层,用作低热辐射层并表现出4×10-4欧姆厘米的电阻率。这样的铟锡氧化物层的热辐射系数约为0.08。
所得涂层玻璃板具有下列性质:
可见光透过率70.4%
总太阳热透过率55.9%
在所说的涂层玻璃板与3mm厚的未涂层的透明浮法玻璃板结合成双层装配玻璃体时,空气间隔为12mm,所说的涂层朝向空气间隔,所得的装配体的可见光透过率为64%和总太阳热透过率为44%,并在光源下(光源C)表现下列反射和透射颜色:
a* b* L*
反射 -5.2 -5.1 46
透射 -2.9 1.2 84
实施例2
一个涂敷到3mm厚的透明浮法玻璃带上的虹彩抑制底层系统,包括25nm厚的未掺杂的氧化锡初始层和25nm厚的氧化硅层。
通过传统的反应磁控直流溅射在所说的底层上用约420nm厚的掺杂锂的吸热氧化钨层涂敷从玻璃带上切下的玻璃板,提供在910nm波长的70%的吸收峰(在没有底层时,在透明的3mm浮法玻璃上测量)。
使用含有10原子%锡的铟锡靶,通过传统的反应磁控直流溅射在所说的氧化钨层上沉积一个约85nm厚的铟锡氧化物层,用作低热辐射层并表现出4×10-4欧姆厘米的电阻率。
所得涂层玻璃板具有下列性质:
可见光透过率69%
总太阳热透过率54%
当所说的涂层玻璃板与3mm厚的未涂层的透明浮法玻璃板组装成双层装配玻璃体时,空气间隙为12mm,所说的涂层朝向空气间隙,所得的装配体的可见光透过率为63%和总太阳热透过率为41%,并在光源下(光源C)表现下列反射和透射颜色:
a* b* L*
反射 -3.6 -3.3 90
透射 -9.3 5.1 84
实施例3
向3mm厚的浮法玻璃带3涂敷一种如实施例2中所述的虹彩抑制底层。
通过磁控直流溅射从氧化物靶用约104nm厚的吸热的非化学计量氧化钨层涂敷从玻璃带上切下的玻璃板,所测量的氧化钨中钨的氧化态对应于化学式为WO2.98的氧化钨。
使用含有10原子%锡的铟锡靶,通过传统的反应磁控直流溅射在所说的氧化钨层上沉积一个约270nm厚的铟锡氧化物层,用作低热辐射层。
在所说的涂层玻璃板与3mm厚的未涂层的透明浮法玻璃板结合成双层装配玻璃体时,空气间隔为12.5mm,所说的涂层朝向空气间隔,所得的装配体的可见光透过率为66%和总太阳热透过率为46%,并在光源下(光源C)吸热下列反射和透射颜色:
a* b* L*
反射 -7.7 2.25 49
透射 1.9 0.61 85
实施例4-9
在这一系列的实施例的每一个中,由已知的玻璃和涂层的光学性质计算了涂层的3mm厚透明浮法玻璃和包括所说的涂层玻璃板和3mm厚的未涂层的浮法玻璃板的双层组装玻璃体(空气间隔为12.5mm,所说的涂层朝向空气间隔)的光学性质。所说的涂层的结构和涂层玻璃的性质列于附表1和2。
表1
实施例 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
第一涂层 | 380nm氧化钨1 | 240nm氧化钨1 | 126nm氧化钨1 |
第二涂层 | 320nm氟掺杂氧化锡2 | 260nmITO3 | 300nmITO3 |
涂层板的可见光LT | 74.4% | 70.1% | 60.1% |
涂层板的总SHT | 53.5% | 51.2% | 49.3% |
涂层板的热辐射系数 | 0.12-0.2 | 0.08 | 0.07 |
双层装配玻璃的可见光LT | 66.6% | 63.6% | 55.0% |
双层装配玻璃的总SHT | 41.8% | 41.2% | 41.0% |
双层装配玻璃的反射色 | a*-8.3,b*5.9,L44 | a*0.5,b*1.4,L53 | a*-2.3,b*3.2,L56 |
双层装配玻璃的透射率 | a*-6.3,b*7.9,L86 | a*-6.8,b*8.2,L83 | a*-6.4,b*7.6,L72 |
表2
实施例 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
第一涂层 | 96nm氧化钨1 | 380nm五氧化铌4 | 240nm五氧化铌4 |
第二涂层 | 300nm ITO3 | 320nm氟掺杂氧化锡2 | 260nm ITO3 |
涂层板的可见光LT | 56.3% | 71.3% | 68.2% |
涂层板的总SHT | 45.6% | 54.6% | 53.1% |
涂层板的热辐射系数 | 0.07 | 0.12-0.2 | 0.08 |
双层装配玻璃的可见光LT | 51.3% | 64.1% | 61.0% |
双层装配玻璃的总SHT | 35.2% | 42.7% | 42.5% |
双层装配玻璃的反射色 | a*-4.3,b*2.1,L59 | a*-8.0,b*6.1,L43 | a*0.6,b*1.1,L54 |
双层装配玻璃的透射率 | a*-5.3,b*6.1,L68 | a*-6.4,b*7.3,L87 | a*-7.2,b*7.9,L85 |
1计算中所用的直流磁控溅射的非化学计量氧化钨的性质
2计算中利用化学气相沉积沉积的氟掺杂氧化锡涂层性质
3计算中所用的具有1.8×104Ωcm电阻率的直流磁控溅射锡掺杂氧化铟涂层的性质
4计算中所用的掺杂30at%锂的直流磁控溅射五氧化铌的性质
本发明的涂层比现有技术提供了重要的优点。由于本发明的涂层适合于利用热解法(该方法具有有助于在线涂敷的附加的利益)生产,所以可以以高度耐用的形式获得,减少了操作和加工中的特别注意的需要,开拓了在自由组装中使用所说的涂层的可能性,而不需要在多层组装配玻璃内进行防护。与体着色玻璃相比,它们提供适合于用更灵活的可实用的技术(涂层)生产的优点而不需要改变玻璃熔窑内(当进行重调时,伴随有固有的生产损耗)的组成,并且避免伴随着更高的本体色调所观测到的强的绿色。
此外,可以获得优异的性能,可见光透过率超过67%的玻璃提供了小于57%的总太阳热透过率。一般来说,本发明的太阳控制组装玻璃将提供比可见光透过率至少小10%的太阳热透过率,而提供至少低12%的总的太阳热透过率(在双层装配玻璃体中使用涂层玻璃和透明浮法玻璃板时,至少低15%)的装配玻璃是容易获得的并且是优选的。
本发明的优选的涂层玻璃是其中所说的涂层表现出反射(当从所涂敷的一侧观察时)和透射(在透明的浮法玻璃侧观察时)颜色使得(a*2+b*2)1/2小于12,特别是小于10。在特别优选的实施方案中,至少所说的反射和/或(优选的是和)透射(当从透明浮法玻璃一侧观察时)颜色之一是(a*2+b*2)1/2小于7。
Claims (20)
1、一种高性能太阳控制涂层玻璃,包括一种玻璃基质,带有一种包括吸热层和覆盖在所说的吸热层之上的金属化合物的低热辐射层的涂层,特征在于所说的低热辐射层的厚度在100~600nm范围内,所说的涂层玻璃的热辐射系数小于0.4。
2、一种根据权利要求1的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层优先吸收700nm波长以上的光。
3、一种根据权利要求1的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层是一种金属氧化物层。
4、一种根据权利要求1的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层是含有氧含量小于化学计量含量的氧化钨涂层。
5、一种根据权利要求1~4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层是氢掺杂的氧化钨涂层。
6、一种根据权利要求1~4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层是碱金属掺杂的氧化钨涂层。
7、一种根据权利要求1~4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层是氧化铬,氧化钴,氧化铁,氧化钼,氧化铌,氧化钒或它们的混合物。
8、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层的厚度范围为50~500nm。
9、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层的吸热层的厚度范围为80~200nm。
10、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,热辐射系数小于0.2。
11、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的低热辐射层是半导体金属氧化物层。
12、一种根据权利要求11的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的半导体金属氧化物是掺杂的氧化锡或掺杂的氧化铟。
13、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的低热辐射层的厚度范围为200~500nm。
14、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层还包括在所说的吸热层之下的虹彩抑制层。
15、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,表现出总太阳热透过率比可见光透过率至少小10%。
16、一种根据权利要求15的涂层玻璃,表现出可见光透过率超过67%,总太阳热透过率小于57%。
17、一种根据权利要求1-4的任一个的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层表现出当从所涂敷的一侧观察时的反射和/或当从透明浮法玻璃一侧观察时的透射颜色,其中每一个使得(a*2+b*2)1/2小于12。
18、一种根据权利要求17的涂层玻璃,其中,所说的涂层表现出当从所涂敷的一侧观察时的反射和/或当涂敷到透明浮法玻璃时的透射颜色使得(a*2+b*2)1/2小于7。
19、一种多层装配玻璃体,包括如在前面的权利要求的任何一个中所说的涂敷玻璃板,它与第二个装配玻璃板处于平行间隔关系。
20、一种根据权利要求19的多层装配玻璃体,表现出总太阳热透过率至少比可见光透过率低15%。
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US08/926,714 US6048621A (en) | 1996-09-13 | 1997-09-10 | Coated glass |
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- 1997-09-10 ES ES97939077T patent/ES2144877T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-10 DE DE69701403T patent/DE69701403T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-10 CN CN97197885A patent/CN1108997C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-09-10 CZ CZ1999831A patent/CZ294086B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-09-10 EP EP97939077A patent/EP0925260B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-10 US US08/926,714 patent/US6048621A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-09-10 WO PCT/GB1997/002433 patent/WO1998011031A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1997-09-10 AU AU41298/97A patent/AU718586B2/en not_active Ceased
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU718586B2 (en) | 2000-04-13 |
DE69701403D1 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
ES2144877T3 (es) | 2000-06-16 |
AU4129897A (en) | 1998-04-02 |
EP0925260A1 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
CZ83199A3 (cs) | 1999-11-17 |
BR9711778A (pt) | 1999-08-24 |
GB9619134D0 (en) | 1996-10-23 |
WO1998011031A1 (en) | 1998-03-19 |
DE69701403T2 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
CN1230163A (zh) | 1999-09-29 |
EP0925260B1 (en) | 2000-03-08 |
US6048621A (en) | 2000-04-11 |
CZ294086B6 (cs) | 2004-10-13 |
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