CN110870859B - 益生菌代谢物用于延缓衰老迹象 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及含2‑羟基异己酸(HICA)和3‑苯基乳酸(PLA)的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物以及将其用于减缓衰老迹象方面。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及益生菌代谢物的应用,尤其是关于植物乳酸杆菌DR7产生的代谢物用于延缓衰老的应用。
背景技术
衰老是身体机能降低的过程,其特征是生物组织中的细胞的衰退,导致衰减,增加疾病和死亡的风险。人类的衰老主要包括心理、生理和社会方面发展的变化等几个因素,最终导致适应新陈代谢压力的生物功能下降。衰老是关系到人类疾病中已知的最大的风险因素之一,其中全球每天有三分之二的人死于与衰老相关的疾病。
工业时代由于卫生保健、营养和生活水平的提高,人类的寿命显著提高了。在衰老过程中,组织会经历细胞和分子的变化,其中时间让整个人的身体机能发生了变化。比如,随着年龄的增长,进行肌肉活动的能力会下降。这种现象很可能是因为负责复杂运动的控制机制的衰弱导致的。此外,细胞呼吸产生的使细胞受损的反应分子的增加也会造成衰老。这些分子会反应,造成蛋白质和其他细胞分子的氧化。
由此得出:衰老理论是建立在细胞组织的生命周期,是由基因决定的,其中父母长寿的人很可能会生命更长。尤其是脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)在染色体端重复部分的端粒是决定衰老基因理论的关键因素。端粒重复数量决定了细胞的最大生命期。尤其是每次细胞分裂时会失去一些重复段,直到某个关键点端粒减少到了一定长度不能继续分裂,细胞死亡。
生物组织中的生化过程以及身体新陈代谢受年龄因素影响很大。这种生化过程和新陈代谢是由腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)管理的。腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)是一种细胞内能量传感器,主要调节合成代谢和分解代谢通路,并作为细胞能量自动平衡的主要调节器。尤其是当腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)检测到低三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平时,会激活信号通路,其中腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)会促进分解代谢通路生成更多的三磷酸腺苷(ATP)来进行各种细胞活动,如脂肪酸氧化和吞噬过程。另外一方面,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通过直接参与这些进程的酶直接磷酸化作用以及磷酸化转录因子、辅激活因子和辅抑制物对新陈代谢进行转录控制降低消耗低三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的生物合成过程,比如糖异生、脂质和蛋白质的合成。因此,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)调节三磷酸腺苷(ATP)水平,这样保障机体功能可以维持在最优阶段。
衰老使得生理和心理功能退化,影响整体的健康,身体和年轻时比功能没那么完善。比如当生成特定激素的腺体不能在最佳水平运转,激素水平会下降,并影响到器官进行生化过程的能力。更具体一点来说,当女性停止排卵且停经期的性荷尔蒙的水平的剧烈下降造成卵巢萎缩后,生育能力就丧失了。此外,衰老的人群还备受听力丧失、视力下降、睡眠障碍、禁欲以及肌肉损失和钙损失造成的身体外型和体态变化的困扰。而且由于年龄和激素变化等因素,还会产生皮肤状态的变化,比如皱纹、老龄斑和皮肤干燥等。
有一种解决方案,提供能够延缓衰老迹象的由2-羟基异己酸和3-苯基乳酸组成的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物。这种代谢物通过减少端粒缩短来延缓衰老迹象。此外,所述代谢物通过腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化来诱使腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路激活。这样,所述代谢物间接地调节了和衰老因子相关的脂质代谢。
本发明主要内容
本发明的一个方面是提供植物乳杆菌DR7代谢物,包括2-羟基异已酸和3-苯基乳酸,用于调节与衰老因子有关的脂类代谢。
本发明的另外一个方面是提供植物乳杆菌菌株DR7代谢物,包括2-羟基异已酸和3-苯基乳酸,用于通过AMPK磷酸化诱导激活AMPK通路。
全部或部分满足前述的至少一个主题,其中本发明的实施方式为使用包含2-羟基异己酸和3-苯基乳酸的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物延缓衰老迹象。
根据本发明中一个优选的实施方式,所述代谢物是一种脂质。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过磷酸化腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)实现的。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过减少端粒缩短实现的。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过对上呼吸道感染的抗炎和免疫调节保护实现的。
本发明的另外一个实施方式公布了包括2-羟基异己酸和3-苯基乳酸用于延缓衰老迹象的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物。
优选的,所述代谢物是脂质。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过磷酸化腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)实现的。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过减少端粒缩短实现的。
优选的,衰老迹象的延缓是通过对上呼吸道感染的抗炎和免疫调节保护实现的。
本领域技术人员能够理解,本发明可以进行调整,以实施这些主题,并达到所述的目的和优点,以及其中内在的目的和优点。这里叙述的实施方式并不用于限制本发明的范围。
附图简要说明
为了帮助本发明的理解,附图中展示出了本发明的优选的实施方式,当将其和下面的说明书结合阅读时,本发明、本发明的结构、操作方式及其优点就能够得到充分理解了。
图1显示了5'腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化活性的图示说明(a)Dulbecco必需基本培养基(DMEM);(b)类脂物质De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基;(c)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7类脂物质细胞的上层清液;(d)类蛋白质物质De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)培养基;(e)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7类蛋白质物质细胞的上层清液;(f)类多糖物质De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基;(g)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7类多糖物质细胞的上层清液。
图2分别以示意图的方式展示出了在5'腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的相对磷酸化(a)空白的De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基;(b)商业腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激活剂5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核糖核苷酸(AICAR);(c)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7的上层清液;(d)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7但添加了腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂的复合物C的上层清液;(e)复合物C;(f)洛伐他汀。
图3展示出了(a)空白De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基;(b)培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7的上层清液的色谱图,其中2-羟基异己酸和3-苯基乳酸的密度峰值分别被标记为HA和PLA。
图4展示出了(a)250倍放大的野生黑腹果蝇(OREGON-R)和果蝇(GMR-GAL4)杂交的GMR-ORER果蝇的一只眼睛;以及(b)350倍放大的发育良好的六角小眼和直毛的显微镜图片。
图5展示出了250倍放大的果蝇(GMR-GAL4)和UAS-Aβ42果蝇杂交产生的转基因果蝇Aβ42(GMR-Aβ42)的(a)粗犷的有孔的眼睛显型;(b)小眼畸形,丧失了六角特征;以及(c)直毛丧失或损坏的显微镜图像,来例证人类的淀粉样蛋白β的表现,其中全视网膜GMR-GAL4驱动子诱使眼睛退化。
图6展示出了果蝇(GMR-GAL4)和UAS-Aβ42果蝇杂交产生的转基因果蝇Aβ42(GMR-Aβ42),其中果蝇Aβ42(GMR-Aβ42)被以100μL 1x 1011CFU/mL的剂量喂入植物乳酸杆菌DR7的(a)250倍放大的发育良好的眼睛形状;以及(b)350倍放大的六角小眼和受损程度较低的直毛的显微镜图像。
图7展示出了进行了(a)莫式水迷宫;(b)T形迷宫以及(c)旷场实验的动物模型的示意图,以得出植物乳酸杆菌DR7对于记忆力和焦躁水平的影响。
图8展示出了和0周相比,在(a)年轻人(年龄小于30岁;n=59);(b)成年人(年龄在30-59岁之间;n=52);以及(c)所有实验对象(n=111)中进行的12周的益生菌植物乳酸杆菌DR7(灰色)或安慰剂(黑色)试验中天数和上呼吸道感染(URTI)发病关系的变化的示意图,其中*p<0.05且**p<0.10。
图9展示出了在(a)年轻人(年龄小于30岁;n=59);(b)成年人(年龄在30-59岁之间;n=52);以及(c)所有实验对象(n=111)中进行的12周的益生菌植物乳酸杆菌DR7(灰色)或安慰剂(黑色)试验中血清(pg/mL;白细胞介素1β、-4和-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α和干扰素(TNF)-γ)水平的变化。
图10展示出了在(a)年轻人(年龄小于30岁;n=59);(b)成年人(年龄在30-59岁之间;n=52);以及(c)所有实验对象(n=111)中进行的12周的益生菌植物乳酸杆菌DR7(灰色)或安慰剂(黑色)试验中血浆中铁离子还原能力(FRAP)和硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)、红细胞(RBC)膜以及红细胞溶解液μM水平的变化。
图11展示出了在(a)年轻人(年龄小于30岁;n=59);(b)成年人(年龄在30-59岁之间;n=52);以及(c)所有实验对象(n=111)中进行的12周的益生菌植物乳酸杆菌DR7(灰色)或安慰剂(黑色)试验中T细胞(CD4,CD8,CD44,CD117)和NK细胞(CD34,CD56,CD94,NKP46,NKP30)的血浆基因的各自的基因表达式。
发明详细说明
下面会结合本发明的优选的实施方式并参照下面的说明书和附图对本发明进行叙述。然而,应该明白本发明的说明局限于所述本发明的优选的实施方式仅仅是为了方便讨论本发明,本领域技术人员可以在不偏离权利要求范围内设计各种变更。
本发明涉及用包含2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物以及将其应用于延缓衰老迹象。所述代谢物在吸收了之后可以让实验对象延缓衰老迹象。实验对象基本为哺乳动物,优选人类。本发明尤其适用于正在遭受年龄引起的疾病的人群,比如心脏血管疾病、高胆固醇以及神经元机能障碍。优选的,所述代谢物的类脂物质适合于上述年龄相关的疾病治疗。
在本发明的优选的实施方式中,所述代谢物是从益生菌微生物中提取的。优选的,所述益生菌微生物为植物乳酸杆菌DR7。所述代谢物原材料可以摄入到或进行进一步处理,和至少一个赋形剂结合形成一种健康食物或饮料。这种处理可以是比较轻微的处理,这样可以保留所述代谢物的营养价值。
在本发明的另一实施方式中,衰老迹象的减缓是通过使用由2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)组成的代谢物通过腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化作用来激活腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)通路。腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)是一种调节合成代谢和分解代谢通路的细胞能力水平的细胞内能量传感器。它还是关键的代谢酶3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)的上游激酶。激活之后,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)会磷酸化许多下游的目标,其中增加了产生三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的通路并减少了消耗三磷酸腺苷(ATP)的通路。更具体地说,腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)减少负责生成胆固醇和异戊间二烯化合物的3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGCR)基因的表现。这表示所述代谢物具有降低胆固醇的性质,并且摄入后可以用于降低实验对象的胆固醇或脂质水平。
此外,衰老迹象的减缓是通过激活腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)磷酸化进程激活巨噬细胞减少流感病毒细胞感染。巨噬细胞可以通过比如γ干扰素的细胞因子和如脂多糖等细菌性内毒素激活,其中激活会改变巨噬细胞以杀死侵入的细菌或感染的细胞。更具体地,激活的巨噬细胞通过释放有毒化学物质和蛋白质,比如蛋白酶、中性粒细胞趋化因子、活性氧簇、细胞因子、类二十烷酸和生长因子等来消除入侵的细菌或感染的细胞。因此,本发明所述代谢物摄入后可以给实验对象进行免疫调节保护,防止上呼吸道感染疾病。
如上述说明书中叙述的那样,这里披露的代谢物可以促进脂质代谢。所述代谢物通过下调肝脏中硬脂酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(SCD1)的含量并上调三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G5(ABCG5)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G8(ABCG8)的含量来调节机体内的血清甘油三酸酯水平。硬脂酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(SCD1)的下调会减少单元不饱和脂肪酸的合成,并减少血浆甘油三酯。相应的,机体中甘油三酯的生产可以通过降低硬脂酰基辅酶A脱氢酶(SCD1)活动来限制。另外一方面,上调三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G5(ABCG5)和三磷酸腺苷结合盒转运蛋白G8(ABCG8)的含量通过选择性驱动胆汁醇的分泌来维持固醇平衡。这样一来,所述代谢物的使用就可以减少和衰老因素通常相关的脂肪相关的健康状况风险。
在本发明的另外一种实施方式中,使用由2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)组成的代谢物,通过阻止端粒缩短延缓衰老迹象。在一个示例性的实施方式中,食用含有所述代谢物和高脂肪成分的高龄动物样本和一个仅适用高脂肪成分的高龄动物样本相比,端粒/单拷贝基因更高。线粒体氧化产生的活性氧类是导致端粒缩短的因素之一。所述由2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)组成的代谢物可以和线粒体的氧化相关联,从而减少活性氧类的生成。此外,所述代谢物的使用还可以减少大脑中β-淀粉样蛋白的增加。所述β-淀粉样蛋白是导致痴呆、渐进性神经元功能紊乱、突触功能障碍以及阿兹海默综合征等疾病的关键的氨基酸。这样一来,所述代谢物的使用可以阻止大脑中淀粉样斑点的形成。
本发明包括所附的权利要求中以及上面的说明书中的内容。尽管比较详细的叙述了优选的形式,应该理解所述本发明的优选形式仅作为示例,而在不偏离本发明范围的情况下可以做出许多结构细节以及部件的组合和安排的变化。
实施例
下面的非限制性的实施例是用于展示本发明的优选实施方式。
实施例1
从马来西亚槟榔屿的新鲜牛奶中分离的植物乳酸杆菌DR7存放在中国微生物菌种保藏管理中心(CGMCC),保藏编号为CGMCC15535。所有原种培养都保存在-20℃的温度下的20%的甘油中,使用接种体的体积的10%连续三次在无菌De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基中激活,并且使用前在37℃中培养24小时。利用离心作用分离发酵的培养基中的细胞团,以获取培养过细胞的上层清液用于进一步处理。
实施例2
通过在1ml的所述培养过细胞的上层清液中添加氯仿和甲醇比例为1:2的混合溶液进行油脂分馏,接着旋转15分钟。随后,往上层清液的溶液混合物中添加3ml的氯仿,旋转1分钟,再添加无菌去离子水3ml,旋转1分钟。将混合溶液以1000×g的速度离心5分钟,收集底部部分,并在氮气气流下蒸发。接着重新将油脂悬浮在250μL二甲亚砜(DMSO)中。使用空白De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基重复上述程序。
通过往培养过细胞的上层清液30ml中按重量添加饱和度为80%的固体硫酸铵16g并随后在4℃下连续搅拌分馏天然蛋白质。4℃下静置所述混合物24小时。通过在4℃下以8000×g的速度离心10分钟并随后添加100%纯净度的10ml的冰冷的丙酮可以获得细胞团沉淀物。将所述溶液以3500rpm离心5分钟,并将所述细胞团重新悬浮在酸碱值为7.0的0.1M的磷酸钾盐缓冲液3ml中。利用空白De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基重复上述程序。
往培养过细胞的上层清液10ml中添加纯度为99.5%的冷乙醇溶液30ml,在4℃下静置24小时,可以分馏获得天然多糖。所述天然多糖类脂可以通过在4℃下以7000×g的速度离心20分钟获得。将所述细胞团重新悬浮在1ml的无菌去离子水中。利用空白De Man、Rogosa和Sharpe(MRS)液体培养基重复上述程序。
本实验是用来证明通过植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物可以激活腺苷单磷酸活化的蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化进程。本实验使用DMEM培养基来对照,并进行与植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物中的类脂物质、类蛋白质物质和类多糖物质的对比。应该提出图1中从植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物中提取的类脂物质的腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化激活程度最高,表明类脂物质是主要负责所述代谢物的腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化的。对所述类脂物质又进一步进行了第二次分析,来确认腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化进程中代谢物的活动。如图2所示,培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7的上层清液和商业腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激活剂5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核糖核苷酸(AICAR)的磷酸化激活能力相当。另外一方面,植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物的效用进一步通过商业腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)抑制剂复合物C和添加了复合物C的上层清液的磷酸化活动对比得到验证。同商业腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)激活剂5-氨基咪唑-4-甲酰胺核糖核苷酸(AICAR)一样,培养过植物乳酸杆菌DR7的上层清液增加了腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)的磷酸化活动,而添加复合物C使这种效果消失了。
实施例3
所述浓缩油脂样本提取物被进行水解,并进行了甲酯化以通过气相色谱法(GC-MS)进行脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)分析。在2ml的微量离心管管中将100μL的样本提取物中混入包括2%的H2SO4以及甲醇的500μL的混合液,然后在80℃下搅拌2小时。接着,往样本提取物管中加入体积重量为0.9%的氯化钠(NaCl)溶液500μL以及500μL的乙烷,并以16000×g的速度离心3分钟。将乙烷层通过吸管吸取到自动采样瓶中进行脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)量化分析。将约1μL的乙烷层注入到设置有5977MSD质谱仪(安捷伦技术澳大利亚私人有限公司;气相色谱仪)的安捷伦5977A气相色谱系统来检测脂肪酸甲酯(FAME)。使用BPX-70毛细管柱进行分离。
对植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物的类脂物质进行气相色谱分析,结果如图3所示,对比了色谱图(a)和(b)的密度峰值。色谱图(b)中的两个比较突出的峰值对应的是存在2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)。
实施例4
使用8周大的大鼠按照马来西亚理工大学批准的动物实验伦理道德学会的指导精神进行了一个动物实验。动物们居住环境为交替的十二小时白天和黑夜轮回,免费获得规律的食物和水。每周记录动物们的食物摄入和体重,并且每天观察动物们的疾病或死亡率等不利的事件。整个研究过程中未发现任何不利的事件。在这样生活一周后,动物们基于摄入的食物分成了表1中的6个一组(N=6),并将进行12周的实验。正常的食物是常规食物;高脂肪食物是在每1克食物粒中加入25%重量的动物脂肪,其中动物脂肪为重量99%为脂肪成分的印度酥油。所有的动物都皮下注射D-半乳糖以使其衰老,注射的剂量为600mg/kg/天。动物喂食时位于单独的笼子中,以保证食物完全消化。
表1:12周实验的动物群体
*ND:标准食物
**HFD:每1克的食物团中包含25%重量的动物脂肪(含有99%重量的脂肪成分的印度酥油)。
通过将动物血液采集到促凝剂采血管中并以1500×g的速度离心15分钟来获得血清从而进行血清实验。48小时内分析血清。在MS ISO 15189认证通过的先进医学实验室利用全自动生化分析仪AU5822(美国美国贝克曼库尔特有限公司制造)进行血脂结构分析,包括总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)以及高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等。
使用安捷伦AriaMx实时PCR系统(美国安捷伦技术有限公司)进行聚合酶链式反应(PCR)分析,来确定油脂代谢活动中参与的信使核糖核酸基因表现。分析使用了约20μL的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)反应,其中包括10μL的2*SensiFAST SYBR试剂(英国伦敦BIOLINE公司),0.8μL到10μM的正向引物和0.8μL到10μM的反向引物以及1μL的互补DNA。表2中示出了引物的序列号。甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)基因是用于数据标准化的管家基因。信使核糖核酸表现以相对于对照物的百分比变化表示。
表2:实时PCR分析中使用的引物序列
杀死动物,并使用一次性使用真空采血管K2EDTA采血管提取经心脏收集的血液并提取DNA。使用聚合酶链式反应PCR定量(qPCR)方法测量端粒长度。往SensiFAST SYBR试剂(英国伦敦BIOLINE公司)中加入约20ng的DNA样本,其中含有端粒引物对telg(正向)和端粒引物对telc(反向)或单拷贝基因(SCG)引物对albu(正向)和albd(反向),每个试剂最终浓度为900nM。表2中示出了端粒引物的引物序列。按照下列条件进行了热循环实验。
第一阶段:95摄氏度3分钟一轮;
第二阶段:15秒94摄氏度和15秒49摄氏度两轮;
第三阶段:15秒94摄氏度,10秒62摄氏度,15秒74摄氏度40轮以获得端粒信号,15秒94摄氏度,10秒84摄氏度,15秒88摄氏度40轮,以获得单拷贝基因信号。
实施例5
使用SD大鼠以和上面的实验同样的条件进行动物实验。动物们分成6组(N=6),如表3所示,进行了12周的实验。所有的动物每天皮下注射600mg/kg/天的D-半乳糖。治疗药物混入1g的食物粒中,每天喂食。在喂食时老鼠们分别位于各自的笼子中,以保证完全消化。
表3:各组动物进行的治疗类型
**HFD:每1克的食物粒中包含25%重量的动物脂肪(含有99%重量的脂肪成分的印度酥油)。
在不反射的直径210cm高度51cm的室内游泳池对动物们进行莫式水迷宫实验。池中灌满温度在19到22摄氏度的水,并分成四个区域,随机指定为东西南北四个部分。北部的中心设置一个透明的圆形的平台,位于水下1.5cm作为逃生平台。动物们进行连续四天每天三次训练。然后轻轻将动物们放入水中不同的起始位置,面向池壁,允许它们自由游泳并在120秒内找到逃生平台。每个动物找到所述逃生平台所花费的时间记录为逃生延迟。
动物们又进行了T形迷宫实验,其中包含三个杆,其中一个为没有侧壁的开放杆,另外两个设有40cm高、50cm长、15cm宽的封闭式侧壁。每个杆连接在离地70cm高的坚固的金属支腿上。轻轻将动物们放置在T形迷宫的开放杆上,作为实验起点。进行两轮实验,第一轮训练阶段在封闭杆中放入食物,给动物们60秒的时间自由进入任一封闭杆。进入之后,一张卡板会将动物们困在那里30秒钟,让动物不得离开所选择的杆。接着,放出动物,将其放回起点,进行实验的第二阶段测试。同样地,给动物60秒的时间选择进入任一封闭杆。每天重复本实验十次,记录动物正确进入的次数。
动物们再进行空场实验,利用一个高32cm、宽38cm长52厘米的不透明矩形盒子。将每个动物轻轻从笼子中移动到箱子里,让其可以自由探索120秒。记录出去到外部的次数。空场实验提供了动物们进入外部空间后的焦虑特征的基础。
图7(a)和图7(b)中的示意图示出了使用了植物乳酸杆菌DR7进行治疗的动物们找到逃生平台所需的时间较短,正确进入的次数增加,表明动物们在治疗后记忆力增加了。焦虑是衰老之后常见的疾病之一。图7(c)示出了用植物乳酸杆菌DR7治疗的老年肥胖老鼠进入外部空间的次数减少,表明受过治疗的老鼠焦虑症状减轻。
实施例6
利用布卢明顿果蝇种系中心(美国布卢明顿)处获得的野生型果蝇(Oregon-R)、GMR-GAL4果蝇以及UAS-Aβ42(33769号)果蝇进行动物实验。将野生型果蝇(Oregon-R)和GMR-GAL4果蝇杂交产生GMR-OreR果蝇作为对照而将UAS-Aβ42果蝇和GMR-GAL4果蝇杂交形成表现为Aβ42(GMR-Aβ42)的转基因果蝇。将所有蝇种保存在18摄氏度,杂交品种保存在29摄氏度。食物为加热并混合4%(w/v)的玉米淀粉、5%(w/v)玉米糊、10%(w/v)红糖、0.7%(w/v)琼脂、5%(w/v)灭活酵母、3%(w/v)尼泊金以及0.7%(v/v)的丙酸,然后无菌转移到塑料管中冷却固化。同时,准备一份不含尼泊金以及丙酸的含益生菌的食物。在冷却后固化前的食物中以1*1011CFU/mL的比例加入植物乳酸杆菌DR7益生菌株(100μL)并在层流净化罩中固化。在杂交阶段,将5-10只雌性果蝇(GAL4或UAS种系)以及3-5只雄性果蝇放入含有益生菌株的塑料管中。以正常食物喂养对照和转基因GMR-Aβ42果蝇种系,不加益生菌株,而益生菌治疗组使用GMR-Aβ42转基因果蝇。表4中示出了实验组的总结。4-5天后将父本和母本果蝇剔除,而10天后收集每组的果蝇幼崽进行后续分析。
表4:动物实验中使用的果蝇类型
收集的果蝇幼崽进行了外眼表面数码摄像。将每组中选取的十个果蝇幼崽固定在麦克道尔特朗普固定剂(Sigma-Aldrich)中,其中包括在0.1M的磷酸缓冲液(Sigma)(pH7.2)中以40摄氏度静置24小时的4%的甲醛和1%的戊二醛。将样本在磷酸缓冲液中连续清洗三次,然后在250摄氏度中静置2小时的磷酸缓冲液中制备的1%(w/v)四氧化锇中后期定影。用蒸馏水清洗样本两次,并在一系列的乙醇中脱水两次:50%,75%以及95%的每次十分钟,100%的乙醇10分钟。脱水的样本浸入2mL的六甲基二硅氮烷(HDMS)中10分钟。将六甲基二硅氮烷(HDMS)轻轻倒出,让样本在干馏器中风干。将干燥的样本安装在样本架上,镀金并用LEO SUPRA 50VP超高电场发射扫描电子显微镜进行阅读并拍照。
野生果蝇眼睛形态很好,其中六角小眼和直毛都如图4中所示的那样整齐,然而阿兹海默突变异种的眼睛形态如图5所示不规则,六角小眼和直毛畸形。同时,进行了植物乳酸杆菌DR7治疗的分组的眼睛形态类似野生果蝇,其中如图6所述,六角小眼和直毛排列整齐。这表明植物乳酸杆菌DR7有阻止阿兹海默综合征发病的潜能。
实施例7
进行用植物乳酸杆菌DR7在通过消炎以及调节免疫方面改善成年人上呼吸道感染(URTI)的临床试验。将植物乳酸杆菌DR7和安慰剂产品分别制作成2g的剂量,以铝袋包装。所有的袋子味道和外形相同。所有的产品都不包含任何猪或牛的成分,以(马来西亚伊斯兰发展署制定的)食品制作规范GMP和清真食品规定HALAL制作的。益生菌产品包含每袋1x109CFU的植物乳酸杆菌DR7和麦芽糖糊精(赋形剂),而安慰剂产品仅包含麦芽糖糊精,最终产品呈浅黄色粉末状。产品储存在避免阳光直射30摄氏度以下。实验对象基于纳入和排除标准筛选。纳入标准包括性别、年龄以及愿意完成研究的意愿。排除标准为I型糖尿病、长期服药、HIV/AIDS、6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶缺乏以及根据实验员的判断,无论什么原因认为不能够执行完所述实验的对象。在研究之前会从所有实验对象获得书面许可。
本实验是一个双盲、随机且安慰剂对照的实验,其中随机是通过检查纳入和排除标准实现的。符合条件的实验对象用电脑生成的区组大小为4的随机区组清单以1:1的比例随机分配到实验的两个部门,根据年龄(18-29,30-39,40-49以及50-60岁)分配到益生菌组(DR7)和安慰剂组(麦芽糖糊精),贴上治疗编码。实验统计员也是随机进行的,和参与者之间无接触。在实验完成之前研究组中的任何成员都没有分配序列。研究是根据赫尔辛基宣言规定的指导条例进行的。所有涉及人类实验对象的程序都经JEPeM-USM临床研究审查小组批准(批准号USM/JEPeM/167040228)。
样本数量是基于包括一个治疗组和一个安慰剂组的平行组研究设计计算的,基于概率设计分析。实验总共需要124个实验对象,每组包括62个实验对象(DR7组和安慰剂组),另外10%的中途退出率。该计算是基于需要分别从对照组和实验组实验对象收集连续的反馈变量,对照组和实验对象比例固定在1:1,概率(POWER)为0.9,和本零假设实验相关的统计学第I型错误概率为0.05。以往的实验数据显示对于使用益生菌减少肺病和肺部相关症状引起的疾病的治疗,观察到1.7天的组内标准误差,并且治疗组和安慰剂组之间减少时间为1天。
对于征集到的124个实验对象,在12周的实验期间有13位中途退出或未能完整填写调查问卷,或未提供血液样品,即12周的实验共有111个实验对象(DR7组56个而安慰剂组55个)。如表5所示,在实验对象中的年轻人(年龄小于30岁)、成年人(30-59岁)以及整体人群中DR7组和安慰剂实验对象的一般特征和完整血液检查参数区别不大,但是平均细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)和嗜碱白血球方面,安慰剂实验对象水平低于DR7实验对象,而安慰剂组的嗜酸性粒细胞的水平高于DR7实验对象。
表5:111(n=111)名成年实验对象,随机分配的12周的双盲治疗中,进行植物乳酸杆菌DR7治疗或安慰剂治疗的基准特征
*p<0.05
实施例8
所有符合条件的实验对象在第4周和第12周提供血液样本。直接从肘前血管中抽取6mL的血液样本到一次性使用真空采血管K2EDTA采血管中。利用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)套装按照厂商说明分析血浆样本中的白介素-1β、白细胞间介素-4、白细胞介素-10、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α以及干扰素(IFN)-γ。由马来西亚槟榔屿的GRIBBLES病理分析有限公司进行完整血细胞计数实验分析血液样本。
与服用安慰剂的实验对象相比,少量服用DR7(p<0.10)减少了年轻人中鼻部、咽部和一般感冒症状持续的时间(图8A)。与服用安慰剂的实验对象相比,DR7显著减少了成年人实验对象的鼻部症状(p<0.05),且轻微减少了一般性感冒症状持续时间和上呼吸道感染(URTI)频率(p<0.10;图8B)。比较了所有的实验对象后,与服用安慰剂的实验对象相比,12周的实验证明DR7减少了鼻部症状的周期、上呼吸道感染(URTI)的频率(p<0.05)而且少量减少了咽部和一般性感冒症状持续时间(图8C)。
实施例9
对红细胞(RBC)样本的血浆、薄膜和溶血产物进行了分析评定其中的脂质过氧化反应和抗氧化能力。红细胞(RBC)样本的薄膜和溶血产物样本的获取同之前所述的相同。简短的说,即将血液样本以3500×g的速度离心20分钟,分离血浆和红细胞(RBC)颗粒。使用等渗TRIS-HCI缓冲液清洗红细胞(RBC)颗粒以去除淡黄色外膜,重新悬浮在等渗TRIS-HCI缓冲液中在4℃以8000×g的速度离心20分钟,重复数次,直到薄膜变得透明。接着用等渗TRIS-HCI缓冲液涮洗最后的透明团两次,收集作为不含血红蛋白的红细胞(RBC)薄膜(红细胞空壳)。过程中收集血红蛋白,并聚积在一起。将红细胞样本基于每个红细胞颗粒20μL搭配20μL的未稀释的血浆标准化。通过测量丙二醛(MDA)的形成来分析脂质过氧化反应,而抗氧化能力是通过铁离子还原/抗氧化能力法(FRAP)分析确定的。
与服用安慰剂的实验对象相比,服用DR7在12周后,成年人的血浆中易造成炎症的氧化因子如白介素-1β、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α以及干扰素(IFN)-γ(p<0.05)显著降低了,然而DR7与安慰剂相比,仅减少了年轻人中干扰素(IFN)-γ的数量(p<0.05;图9A和9B)。服用DR7的年轻人与服用安慰剂的相比,12周以来,血浆中抗炎氧化因子比如白细胞介素-4和白细胞介素-10的数量显著增加了(p<0.05;图9A和9B),而成年人中却没有观察到这个效果。对比了所有实验对象后,与服用了安慰剂的实验对象相比,服用DR7减少了血液中易造成炎症的氧化因子如肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α以及干扰素(IFN)-γ却增加了其中抗炎氧化因子如白细胞介素-4和白细胞介素-10(p<0.05;图9C)。
尽管与服用安慰剂的实验对象相比,服用DR7并未影响到年轻人血液的抗氧化能力、红细胞薄膜或溶血产物(图10A),在12周的实验中,与服用了安慰剂的实验对象相比,DR7轻微增加了成年人中红细胞薄膜的抗氧化能力(p<0.10,图10B)并显著增加了全体实验对象中的这一参数(p<0.05,图10C)。与安慰剂相比,在12周内服用DR7显著降低了年轻人,成人和所有受试者血浆中TBA测定的丙二醛(MDA)浓度(p<0.05;图10D,E,F)。与服用了安慰剂的实验对象相比,服用了DR7的年轻人和所有实验对象的红细胞薄膜和所有实验对象的红细胞溶血产物中在12周的实验中也可以观察到硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)水平的下降(p<0.10,图10D和F)。
与安慰剂相比,在12周的实验中服用DR7的年轻人血液基因中T细胞CD44和CD117的表现上调了(p<0.05;图11A)。同时,12周的实验中与安慰剂相比,服用DR7的成年人的血液中T细胞CD4和CD8下调了(p<0.05;图11B)。对比了所有的实验对象后,这些区别不再明显,服用DR7和安慰剂的实验对象的差别不显著(图11C)。年轻人服用DR7的血液T细胞CD44和CD117的表现增加以及成年人服用DR7血液中CD4和CD8表现减少,表明与安慰剂相比,存在活性较低的T细胞。12周的实验中服用DR7在年轻人中减少了血液基因中自然细胞毒性受体NKp46和NKp30的表现,成年人中减少了T细胞CD56、自然细胞毒性受体NKp46和NKp30以及所有实验对象的T细胞CD56、CD94、自然细胞毒性受体NKp46和NKp30的表现(p<0.05;图11D、E和F)。这表明与安慰剂相比增加了活跃且成熟的自然杀伤(NK)细胞。这些T细胞和自然杀伤(NK)细胞基因表现显示DR7增加了粘膜上皮完整性,使得由先天免疫自然杀伤(NK)细胞第一层防护清除了一部分的抗原渗入减少,因此适应性强的免疫T细胞不那么活跃。
Claims (7)
1.2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物在制备延缓衰老的药物中的应用,其中延缓衰老是通过磷酸化腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)、减少端粒缩短、提供针对上呼吸道感染的消炎以及免疫调节保护机制实现的。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其中所述代谢物为脂质。
3.一种用于延缓衰老迹象的植物乳酸杆菌DR7代谢物,其中包含2-羟基异己酸(HICA)和3-苯基乳酸(PLA)。
4.根据权利要求3所述的代谢物,其中所述代谢物为脂质。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的代谢物,其中延缓衰老迹象是通过磷酸化腺苷单磷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)实现的。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的代谢物,其中延缓衰老迹象是通过减少端粒缩短实现的。
7.根据权利要求3或4所述的代谢物,其中延缓衰老迹象是通过提供针对上呼吸道感染的消炎和免疫调节保护机制实现的。
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