CN110862338A - 一种水苏碱离子液体的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种水苏碱离子液体的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- CN110862338A CN110862338A CN201911149889.9A CN201911149889A CN110862338A CN 110862338 A CN110862338 A CN 110862338A CN 201911149889 A CN201911149889 A CN 201911149889A CN 110862338 A CN110862338 A CN 110862338A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种水苏碱离子液体的制备方法及其应用,属于材料技术领域。该方法先将盐酸水苏碱和有机酸分别用溶剂溶解,将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过离子交换树脂后直接与有机酸溶液进行混合进行中和反应,最后经过除溶剂工艺获得水苏碱有机酸离子液体。该合成方法工艺简单、绿色环保、易于推广,所合成离子液体纯度高、可降解,解决了传统溶剂毒性残留和排放污染的问题,在萃取、药品、食品、化妆品等领域具有应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物离子液体的合成技术领域,涉及到一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
水苏碱是唇形科母草属(Leonurus Linn.)植物的主要生物碱之一,占益母草植株总质量的0.09~1.01%。研究表明水苏碱除治疗子宫出血、子宫收缩异常等妇科疾病外,还对心血管疾病具有治疗作用,可减轻缺氧和复氧对人脐静脉内皮细胞的损伤、改善高糖诱导的内皮细胞衰老、治疗多种原因引起的心脏肥大等多重作用。除此之外,水苏碱还具有抑制炎症和氧化应激的效果,且存在一定的抗肿瘤活性。市售商品为低pH的盐酸水苏碱,对组织具有腐蚀性。另一方面,要达到理想的治疗效果血清中的盐酸水苏碱需要达到一定浓度,而过量氯离子摄入可能会引起肾损伤和冠心病等疾病(数理医药学杂志,2018,31(11):12-14.;安徽医学,2017(08):35-37.)。用碱进行中和可以避免pH过低造成组织损伤,但具有潜在的高氯、高钠钾引起的二次副作用。此外,由于首过效应使进入血循环的原形药量减少,提高给药量可以增加血清中有效药物的浓度,但也有潜在药物中毒的风险。
通过将盐酸水苏碱中的氯离子替换成有机酸根阴离子,将水苏碱制备成离子液体可将其转化为分子间相互作用较弱而结晶度较低的形态,或者以液体的形式存在,从而有效增加药物分子的溶解性,使药物经皮吸收效果增强,达到高效靶向递送药物的目的(Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology,2019,71(4):441-463.)。同时,通过引入功能性有机酸,可与水苏碱配伍获得具有多重功效的新型制剂,实现制剂在较低浓度下的高生物利用率,并赋予持续给药和缓释的效果。另外,由于其形态为液体,原料绿色环保,可被生物降解,因此扩展了水苏碱在新型溶剂、萃取、电解质等方面的应用,可解决传统溶剂毒性残留的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种水苏碱离子液体的制备方法,解决了盐析法和沉淀法制备水苏碱离子液体沉淀盐难以分离,以及水苏碱碱性弱易水解析出的问题,该方法在工业过程中高效易用。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明提供一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,包括以下步骤:将盐酸水苏碱和有机酸分别溶于溶剂中,然后将盐酸水苏碱水溶液通过离子交换法使其转化为氢氧化水苏碱溶液,转化溶液直接与有机酸溶液进行混合进行得到含有水苏碱和有机酸的混合溶液,混合溶液经过除溶剂工序后得到水苏碱有机酸离子液体备用。优选地,盐酸水苏碱和有机酸的摩尔比为1:0.1~3.0。
所述的水苏碱有机酸离子液体具有如下结构:
结构中X–表示有机酸根阴离子。
所述溶剂可以是水、甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种的混合。
所述的有机酸为水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、羊油酸、羊脂酸、羊蜡酸、苯甲酸、草酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄花酸、酪酸、软木酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、缩苹果酸、茶酸、缬草酸、肥酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、没食子酸、乳酸、蚁酸、杜鹃花酸、乙酸、香草酸、丁香酸、咖啡酸、初油酸、酒石酸、壬酸、胶酸、蒲桃酸、皮脂酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯甲氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、天门冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺。
本发明所述水苏碱有机酸离子液体是以离子交换法一步制得,具体制备方法如下:
将0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.01~0.30mol的有机酸分别溶于溶剂中获得水苏碱溶液和有机酸溶液。然后将水苏碱溶液通过强碱性阴离子交换树脂。最后将通过离子交换树脂的溶液直接加入有机酸溶液进行中和反应,然后通过除溶剂工序得到水苏碱有机酸离子液体。
水苏碱与强碱性阴离子交换树脂的质量比为1:5~45;盐酸水苏碱水溶液通过离子交换树脂的次数为1~5次,每次用蒸馏水淋洗的蒸馏水量为1~5倍柱体积;除溶剂工序可以是蒸发、减压蒸馏、真空干燥、喷雾干燥中的一种。所述除溶剂工序方法蒸发、减压蒸馏、真空干燥、喷雾干燥的温度均为10~100℃。
进一步地,所述水苏碱有机酸离子液体合成途径可以是水苏碱和一种或多种有机酸混合进行反应,通过设计有机酸阴离子的组成将水苏碱有机酸离子液体制备成液态、固态、溶液的一种或混合状态。
所述离子液体作为食品、药品、日化用品等添加剂,作为添加剂的含量应当根据阴离子毒性和使用场景适量添加。
所述离子液体作为萃取剂对经济作物进行提取;
优选地,所述离子液体作为溶剂时与待提取物的质量比为10:0.3~5;
优选地,所述离子液体作为溶剂时与其它溶剂的质量比为1:0~0.5,所述其它溶剂可以是水、甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种的混合物;
优选地,所述离子液体作为溶剂时提取温度为0℃~80℃。
本发明的优点在于:
本发明所选用的原料试剂绿色环保、可生物降解,制备方法简单高效易用,所得水苏碱离子液体纯度高。作为药物可设计为具备多重功效的方剂,且具有经皮吸收效果好、可靶向缓释给药的特点;作为溶剂具有提取效果好,可被生物降解,无毒性残留的特点;作为日化用品添加剂具有止血消炎、抗炎舒敏、毒副作用小的特点。
附图说明
图1是实施例3本发明合成的水苏碱-乙酸离子液体的NMR氢谱;
图2是实施例3本发明合成的水苏碱-乙酸离子液体的TGA谱;
图3是实施例7本发明合成的水苏碱-乙酸离子液体的抗氧化效果图。
具体实施方式
下面通过附图和实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但本发明的保护范围不局限于所述内容。
实施例1
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.15mol水杨酸分别溶于100mL蒸馏水中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有800g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以20m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与水杨酸溶液混合,混合溶液在0.1mPa、60℃的条件下真空干燥48h,最后得到水苏碱-水杨酸离子液体[Sta][Sal]。
实施例2
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.10mol杜鹃花酸分别溶于100mL蒸馏水乙腈中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有100g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以15m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与杜鹃花酸溶液混合,混合溶液在60℃的条件下蒸发干燥直至重量不再变化,最后得到水苏碱-杜鹃花酸离子液体[Sta][Aze]。
实施例3
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.30mol乙酸分别溶于100mL乙醇中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有350g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以10m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与乙酸溶液混合,混合溶液在30℃的条件下旋转蒸发直至不再有冷凝液产生,最后得到水苏碱-乙酸离子液体[Sta][Ace]。
实施例4
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.05mol原儿茶酸分别溶于100mL正丁醇中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有600g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以20m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与原儿茶酸溶液混合,混合溶液在65℃的条件下旋转蒸发直至不再有冷凝液产生,最后得到水苏碱-原儿茶酸离子液体[Sta][Pro]。
实施例5
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.20mol葡萄糖酸分别溶于100mL异丙醇中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有400g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以15m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与葡萄糖酸溶液混合,混合溶液在50℃的条件下蒸发干燥直至质量不变,然后再在50℃的条件下真空干燥24h,最后得到水苏碱-葡萄糖酸离子液体[Sta][Glu]。
实施例6
称取0.10mol盐酸水苏碱和0.10mol邻乙酰基水杨酸分别溶于100mL蒸馏水中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过装有500g经过预处理的强碱性阴离子交换树脂的层析柱中,使溶液以10m/h的流速通过层析柱。将通过之后的溶液与邻乙酰基水杨酸溶液混合,混合溶液在60℃的条件下旋转蒸发干燥直至没有冷凝液产生,最后得到水苏碱-邻乙酰基水杨酸离子液体[Sta][Asp]。
实施例7
所述水苏碱有机酸离子液体做萃取剂对艾绒多酚的提取和应用,包括以下步骤:
(1)称取实施例3所述水苏碱乙酸离子液体与乙醇按照质量比为10:3混合均匀,将所得混合液体与艾绒放入混匀仪中振荡10min,然后在提取器中以50kHz超声环境下提取20min,提取温度为40℃。
(2)将步骤(1)中所得提取液离心、过膜,得到棕色澄清液体,加入苯扎氯铵,得到艾绒多酚提取液。
(3)将步骤(2)所得提取液、甘油、辣椒碱按质量比3:100:0.01混合,然后通过三乙醇胺调节pH到7左右,然后使用超声搅拌20min得到浅黄色透明液体,装瓶待用。
将基于实施例7所得离子液体与甲醇和水混合溶液对艾绒的提取液进行抗氧化性对比,结果表明通过水苏碱乙酸离子液体和传统溶剂对自由基的清除效果相近,具体效果如图3所示。
所述水苏碱有机酸离子液体作为食品、药品、日化用品等添加剂,作为添加剂的含量应当根据阴离子毒性和使用场景适量添加。对于水苏碱本身而言,盐酸水苏碱的LD50或MTD(最大耐受量)大于5000mg·kg-1,毒性测试过程无动物死亡,符合国家低毒或无毒物质的认定标准。对于阴离子,如果为刺激性物质,例如采用乙酰水杨酸作为阴离子时,所述离子液体大鼠的毒性测试LD50约200毫克/公斤,属于有毒物质应当适量使用;而如果为低刺激性物质,例如缬氨酸,所述离子液体毒性数据LD50大于5000mg/kg,属于低毒或无毒物质,可随意使用。
以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其进行限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行详细的说明,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,依然可以对前述各实施方案所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换,而这些修改或替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明所要求保护的技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:将盐酸水苏碱和有机酸分别溶于溶剂中,然后将盐酸水苏碱溶液通过离子交换法使其转化为氢氧化水苏碱溶液,转化溶液直接与有机酸溶液进行混合得到含有水苏碱和有机酸的混合溶液,混合溶液经过除溶剂工序后得到水苏碱有机酸离子液体备用。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂可以是水、甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机酸为水杨酸、乙酰水杨酸、羊油酸、羊脂酸、羊蜡酸、苯甲酸、草酸、葡萄糖酸、葡萄花酸、酪酸、软木酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、缩苹果酸、茶酸、缬草酸、肥酸、酒石酸、琥珀酸、没食子酸、乳酸、蚁酸、杜鹃花酸、乙酸、香草酸、丁香酸、咖啡酸、初油酸、酒石酸、壬酸、胶酸、蒲桃酸、皮脂酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯甲氨酸、甲硫氨酸、色氨酸、苏氨酸、γ-氨基丁酸、天门冬氨酸、半胱氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、谷氨酰胺。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的盐酸水苏碱和有机酸的摩尔比为1:0.1~3.0。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,将水苏碱和有机酸的混合溶液除溶剂工序的方法有蒸发、减压蒸馏、真空干燥或喷雾干燥,所述工序的方法蒸发、减压蒸馏、真空干燥、喷雾干燥的温度均为10~100℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种水苏碱有机酸离子液体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述水苏碱有机酸离子液体合成途径可以是水苏碱和一种或多种有机酸混合进行反应,通过设计有机酸阴离子的组成将水苏碱有机酸离子液体制备成液态、固态、溶液的一种或混合状态。
8.权利要求1所述的水苏碱有机酸离子液体作为添加剂的应用,其特征在于,所述离子液体作为食品、药品、日化用品等添加剂,作为添加剂的含量应当根据阴离子毒性和使用场景适量添加。
9.权利要求1所述的水苏碱有机酸离子液体作为萃取剂的应用,其特征在于,所述离子液体作为萃取剂对经济作物进行提取。
10.根据权利要求9所述的水苏碱有机酸离子液体作为萃取剂的应用,其特征在于,所述离子液体作为溶剂时与待提取物的质量比为10:0.3~5;所述离子液体作为溶剂时与其它溶剂的质量比为1:0~0.5;所述离子液体作为溶剂时提取温度为0℃~80℃;所述其它溶剂可以是水、甲醇、乙腈、乙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇中的一种或多种的混合物。
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