CN110862289A - Special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110862289A CN110862289A CN201911240737.XA CN201911240737A CN110862289A CN 110862289 A CN110862289 A CN 110862289A CN 201911240737 A CN201911240737 A CN 201911240737A CN 110862289 A CN110862289 A CN 110862289A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a special slow-release fertilizer for oil tea and a preparation method thereof, wherein the special slow-release fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water; the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol. The slow-release special fertilizer can provide nutrients for the camellia oleifera in the whole growth period and the fruiting period, the fertility is released uniformly, compared with a quick-acting fertilizer, the fertility is not easy to run off, the planting cost of farmers is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the growth and the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the soil structure is improved, and the oxygen content of the soil is increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of camellia oleifera planting, and particularly relates to a camellia oleifera slow-release special fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Camellia oleifera belongs to Theaceae, and is a evergreen medium and small arbor, also known as tea tree, tea oil tree and white tea. The oil tea fruit can be squeezed into tea oil for eating, the tea oil has clear color, delicious taste, rich nutrition and storage resistance, is high-quality edible oil, and can also be used as lubricating oil, antirust oil and the like. The camellia oleifera is one of four woody oil plants in the world, grows in mountains and hilly lands in subtropical regions in south China, is a specific high-grade natural oil plant in China, is mainly distributed in Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Guangxi and the like, and has the annual yield of only about 20 ten thousand tons in China.
In the existing camellia oleifera planting process, an N/P/K compound fertilizer is generally applied to improve soil fertility, and the root system of a camellia oleifera tree is rotten and burned due to too fast release or excessive application of the compound fertilizer, so that the growth and the yield of the camellia oleifera are seriously influenced. Particularly, in the oil tea seedling stage or the oil tea tree which is just transplanted, as the root system of the oil tea tree grows incompletely, the lignification degree is low, the oil tea tree is young and tender, and when the soil concentration is slightly high, the water loss and atrophy can occur, and the root tissue can be damaged to a certain extent in the transplanting process of the oil tea tree. In addition, the growth period of the camellia oleifera is long, the camellia oleifera starts to fruit in the 3 rd year, the first 5 years are mainly the tree growing stage, the full-bearing period gradually starts in 6-10 years, the slow release fertilizer can continuously provide nutrients capable of being directly absorbed and utilized for the camellia oleifera in the growth process of the camellia oleifera, and compared with quick-acting fertilizers, the slow release fertilizer is not easy to lose fertility and more durable, and can effectively reduce the planting cost of farmers.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera and a preparation method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is summarized as follows:
the slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water;
the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol;
the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: grinding montmorillonite to 25-35 meshes, adding 10-15% hydrochloric acid by mass, stirring for 0.5-1 h, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 3-6 h, washing to neutrality, and adding the mixture containing 0.02-0.06 mol/L Zn2+And 0.02 to 0.06mol/L Ca2+And ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1-2 h, and drying at the low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
Preferably, the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-40% of trichoderma harzianum, 18-22% of trichoderma polyspora, 24-28% of candida utilis, 6-10% of photosynthetic bacteria and 12-15% of bacillus licheniformis.
Preferably, the nitrification inhibitor comprises one or more of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
Preferably, the Zn is2+Derived from ZnCl2、Zn(NO3)2One or more of (a).
Preferably, the Ca is2+Derived from CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2One or more of (a).
A preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera comprises the following steps:
s1: cutting peanut vines into vine sections of 0.6-1.2 cm, fully mixing the vine sections with oil-tea camellia cake dregs, beer lees, peanut vines, wheat bran, livestock manure and a microbial agent, spreading the mixture on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at the temperature of 32-38 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation material;
s2: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reaction for 1-3 h to obtain a coating gel;
s3: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, a nitrification inhibitor and a fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2.8-3.5 cm;
s4: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the slow-release special fertilizer can provide nutrients for the camellia oleifera in the whole growth period and the fruiting period, the fertility is released uniformly, compared with a quick-acting fertilizer, the fertility is not easy to run off, the planting cost of farmers is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the growth and the propagation of harmful pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, the soil structure is improved, and the oxygen content of the soil is increased.
2. The invention utilizes Zn loaded in the modified montmorillonite soil2+、Ca2+The modified montmorillonite clay is cross-linked with sodium alginate to form a stable modified montmorillonite clay-alginic acid composite structure, and is compounded with a coating agent to form a stable gel outer membrane with certain strength and coated on the surface layer of fertilizer particles, so that compared with a common coated slow-release fertilizer, the hydrolysis resistance of the coated material is improved to a certain extent, the fertility release speed is further slowed down, the fertilizer is more fertile and lasting and effective, meanwhile, the modified montmorillonite clay has a high specific surface area and is rich in micropores and mesopores, the soil permeability can be improved, and the oxygen content of the soil can be increased.
3. According to the invention, the trichoderma harzianum, trichoderma polyspora and bacillus licheniformis are used for fermenting the organic fertilizer with the dual-effect of the pesticide and the fertilizer, in the fermentation process, harmful microorganisms are killed by producing small-molecule antibiotics and macromolecular antibacterial proteins or cell wall degrading enzymes, the breeding and the propagation of pathogenic bacteria are inhibited, meanwhile, after the organic fertilizer enters soil, various plant pathogenic bacteria such as pythium, rhizopus nigricans and rhizoctonia solani can be prevented and controlled, or extracellular enzymes such as glucosidase are secreted, so that the antibiotic toxins produced by the pathogenic bacteria are degraded, the defense reaction of the camellia oleifera trees can be induced, and the pest resistance of the camellia oleifera is further improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera according to the application.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples so that those skilled in the art can practice the invention with reference to the description.
Example 1
The slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20 parts of brewer's grains, 40 parts of peanut vines, 30 parts of wheat bran, 100 parts of livestock manure, 1 part of microbial agent, 25 parts of rice straw ash, 20 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8 parts of coating agent and 60 parts of water; the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15% of sesbania gum, 25% of sodium alginate, 8% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol; the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 40% of trichoderma harzianum, 18% of trichoderma polyspora, 24% of candida utilis, 6% of photosynthetic bacteria and 12% of bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera slow-release special fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding montmorillonite to 25 meshes, adding 10% hydrochloric acid, stirring for 0.5h, calcining at 400 deg.C for 3h, washing to neutrality, adding ZnCl solution containing 0.06mol/L2And 0.06mol/LCaCl2Ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1h, and drying at a low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain modified montmorillonite;
s2: cutting peanut vine into vine sections of 0.6cm, fully mixing with camellia oleifera cake meal, brewer's grains, peanut vine, wheat bran, livestock and poultry manure and a microbial agent, spreading on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at 38 ℃ for 15 days to obtain a fermentation material;
s3: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reacting for 2h to obtain a coating gel;
s4: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, nitrification inhibitor and fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2.8 cm;
s5: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
Example 2
The slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 25 parts of brewer's grains, 50 parts of peanut vines, 40 parts of wheat bran, 120 parts of livestock manure, 2 parts of microbial agent, 35 parts of rice straw ash, 30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 10 parts of coating agent and 80 parts of water; the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% of sesbania gum, 30% of sodium alginate, 12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 2% of polyacrylamide and silica sol for balancing; the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25% of trichoderma harzianum, 22% of trichoderma polyspora, 28% of candida utilis, 10% of photosynthetic bacteria and 15% of bacillus licheniformis.
The preparation method of the camellia oleifera slow-release special fertilizer specifically comprises the following steps:
s1: grinding montmorillonite to 35 mesh, adding 15% hydrochloric acid, stirring for 1 hr, calcining at 400 deg.C for 3 hr, washing to neutrality, adding ZnCl solution containing 0.06mol/L2And 0.06mol/LCaCl2Ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1h, and drying at a low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain modified montmorillonite;
s2: cutting peanut vine into 1cm vine sections, fully mixing with camellia oleifera cake meal, brewer's grains, peanut vine, wheat bran, livestock manure and a microbial agent, spreading on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at 38 ℃ for 15d to obtain a fermented material;
s3: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reacting for 2h to obtain a coating gel;
s4: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, nitrification inhibitor and fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 3.5 cm;
s5: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
Comparative example 1: the special fertilizer is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the special fertilizer does not contain a coating agent; for preparation, S3 operates as: dispersing the modified montmorillonite in water, and stirring for reaction for 3 h.
Comparative example 2: the special fertilizer is the same as the embodiment 1, except that the special fertilizer does not contain modified montmorillonite soil; for preparation, without S1, S3 was operated as: dispersing the coating agent in water, and stirring to react for 3 h.
The following table shows the release rates of the slow release special fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 1-2 in different periods:
7d | 1 month | 3 months old | 6 months old | |
Example 1 | 2% | 20% | 64% | 98.5% |
Example 2 | 1.5% | 17% | 60% | 93% |
Comparative example 1 | 23% | 100% | - | - |
Comparative example 2 | 7% | 26% | 93% | 100% |
As can be seen from the above table, the invention obviously delays the release rate of the fertilizer, and the nutrient release period reaches more than 6 months.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, which are fully applicable in all kinds of fields of application of the invention, and further modifications may readily be effected by those skilled in the art, so that the invention is not limited to the specific details without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. The slow-release special fertilizer for the camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 50-60 parts of oil-tea camellia cake dregs, 20-25 parts of brewer's grains, 40-50 parts of peanut vines, 30-40 parts of wheat bran, 100-120 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 1-2 parts of microbial agent, 25-35 parts of rice straw ash, 20-30 parts of magnesium ammonium phosphate, 0.1-0.5 part of nitrification inhibitor, 15-20 parts of modified montmorillonite soil, 8-10 parts of coating agent and 60-80 parts of water;
the coating agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-20% of sesbania gum, 25-30% of sodium alginate, 8-12% of microcrystalline cellulose, 0.5-2% of polyacrylamide and the balance of silica sol;
the preparation method of the modified montmorillonite comprises the following steps: grinding montmorillonite to 25-35 meshes, adding 10-15% hydrochloric acid by mass, stirring for 0.5-1 h, calcining at 400-500 ℃ for 3-6 h, washing to neutrality, and adding the mixture containing 0.02-0.06 mol/L Zn2+And 0.02 to 0.06mol/LCa2+And ultrasonically dipping the mixed solution for 1-2 h, and drying at the low temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the modified montmorillonite.
2. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil tea trees according to claim 1, wherein the microbial agent comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 25-40% of trichoderma harzianum, 18-22% of trichoderma polyspora, 24-28% of candida utilis, 6-10% of photosynthetic bacteria and 12-15% of bacillus licheniformis.
3. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises one or more of 3, 5-dimethylpyrazole, 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate and 2-chloro-6- (trichloromethyl) pyridine.
4. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein Zn is added2+Derived from ZnCl2、Zn(NO3)2One or more of (a).
5. The special slow-release fertilizer for oil-tea camellia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Ca is Ca2+Derived from CaCl2、Ca(NO3)2One or more of (a).
6. A preparation method of a special slow-release fertilizer for camellia oleifera is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: cutting peanut vines into vine sections of 0.6-1.2 cm, fully mixing the vine sections with oil-tea camellia cake dregs, beer lees, peanut vines, wheat bran, livestock manure and a microbial agent, spreading the mixture on a polyethylene film, and performing ventilation fermentation at the temperature of 32-38 ℃ for 10-15 days to obtain a fermentation material;
s2: dispersing the modified montmorillonite and the coating agent in water, and stirring for reaction for 1-3 h to obtain a coating gel;
s3: uniformly stirring the rice straw ash, magnesium ammonium phosphate, a nitrification inhibitor and a fermentation material to prepare fertilizer particles with the particle size of 2.8-3.5 cm;
s4: and uniformly coating the coated gel on the surface of fertilizer particles, and air-drying at 40 ℃ to obtain the special slow-release fertilizer for the camellia oleifera.
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