CN110848374B - 混合动力变速器 - Google Patents

混合动力变速器 Download PDF

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CN110848374B
CN110848374B CN201910763997.9A CN201910763997A CN110848374B CN 110848374 B CN110848374 B CN 110848374B CN 201910763997 A CN201910763997 A CN 201910763997A CN 110848374 B CN110848374 B CN 110848374B
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CN110848374A (zh
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托马斯·施特里德尔迈尔
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Magna Pt & CoKg GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
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    • F16H57/042—Guidance of lubricant
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B60K6/405—Housings
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0412—Cooling or heating; Control of temperature
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    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
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    • F16H57/045—Lubricant storage reservoirs, e.g. reservoirs in addition to a gear sump for collecting lubricant in the upper part of a gear case
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    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0467—Elements of gearings to be lubricated, cooled or heated
    • F16H57/0476—Electric machines and gearing, i.e. joint lubrication or cooling or heating thereof
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力变速器，所述混合动力变速器包括变速器壳体(1)、设置在变速器壳体(1)中的差速器(2)和设置在变速器壳体(1)中的电动机(3)，其中用于润滑和/或冷却变速器部件的油在变速器壳体(1)中循环，其中油在油底壳中收集，其中差速器(2)的盘形轮(4)部分地设置在油底壳中，其中收集设备(5)构成为并且在变速器壳体(1)中设置成，使得由盘形轮(4)从油底壳中一起分离的油在收集设备(5)中收集，从而继续引导至电动机(3)，使得油流向电动机(3)，以至于冷却电动机(3)。

Description

混合动力变速器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的混合动力变速器，包括差速器和电动机。
背景技术
用于车辆的变速器如已知的那样具有机械部件，如轴和齿轮，以便能够示出特定的功能，例如换挡变速器，尤其双离合器换挡变速器。机械部件对此例如能够形成可切换的齿轮对、离合器和/或变速器的差速器。在近些年来已知的是，机动车变速器的功能通过使用电动机的驱动力扩展或改进，由此出现所谓的“混合动力变速器”。电动机对此例如能够在地点上靠近变速器的机械部件构建，尤其在共同的变速器壳体中。
为了润滑和冷却变速器的机械部件已知的是，在变速器壳体的内部中构成油循环回路，其中油在通常在安装位置中在下部设置在变速器壳体中的油底壳中收集，并且从那里引导至机械部件，例如引导至变速器的构建的离合器。
电动机已知同样能够借助油冷却，对此已知的是，油从油底壳中借助于输送泵直接输送给电动机，因为可能在变速器壳体中存在的油雾通常不足以冷却电动机。作为输送泵例如使用也用于冷却离合器的相同的输送泵，其中那么必须借助于阀在离合器冷却和电动机冷却之间切换。
用于冷却电动机的这种输送泵几乎永久地需要电能。对此，需要多个构件，如输送泵和阀，以便实现电动机的足够的冷却。
发明内容
本发明的目的是，在此方面改进用于机动车的混合动力变速器并且尤其提出一种混合动力变速器，所述混合动力变速器能够实现对电动机的充分的冷却，而不需要电能，其中冷却应要求少量构件，尤其少量可运动的并且耐磨损的构件从而应可成本适宜地执行。
所述目的通过一种用于机动车的混合动力变速器来实现，所述混合动力变速器包括变速器壳体、设置在变速器壳体中的差速器和设置在变速器壳体中的电动机，其中用于润滑和/或冷却变速器部件的油在变速器壳体中循环，其中油在油底壳中收集，其中差速器的盘形轮部分地设置在油底壳中，其中收集设备构成为并且在变速器壳体中设置成，使得由盘形轮从油底壳中一起分离(mitschleudern)的油在收集设备中收集，从而继续引导至电动机，使得油流向电动机，以至于冷却电动机。
根据本发明，用于冷却电动机的油在不使用泵的情况下输送给电动机，更确切地说首先借助于差速器的盘形轮从油底壳中输送给电动机，所述油底壳也能够用于其他任务。油由盘形轮携带或分离到收集设备中，使得其能在收集设备中收集并且由收集设备也继续引导至电动机。通过盘形轮的驱动力和重力的效果，油无需泵功率或无需附加的输送功率就能够从收集设备流向电动机，以便充分地冷却所述电动机。
本发明的改进方案在从属权利要求、说明书以及所述的附图中给出。
优选地，电动机包括空心轴转子并且收集设备构成为并且在变速器壳体中设置成，使得油引导至电动机的空心轴转子。通过空心轴转子能够用油供给电动机转子。
优选地，电动机与差速器、尤其与差速器的盘形轮轴线平行地设置。
收集设备优选在收集设备的朝向盘形轮的第一端部处具有第一收集区域，尤其用于第一次收集所收集的油，并且在收集设备的与第一端部相对置并且朝向电动机的第二端部处具有第二收集区域。从所述第二收集区域起，油能够到达电动机，尤其落向电动机。油尤其能够从第二收集区域流到、尤其落到空心轴转子中或空心轴转子的前部空间中。
收集设备优选构成为并且在变速器壳体中设置成，使得在机动车中的安装位置中，第二收集区域不高于第一收集区域，使得在第二收集区域中在正常运行中能够出现与在第一收集区域中相同的油液位。在第二收集区域中，通过重力对油的相同的作用或连通管道的原理，能够出现相同的油液位。收集设备的两个端部能够大致位于相同的高度上从而大致具有相同的大地测量学的压力。
第二收集区域优选能够在安装位置中比第一收集区域更深地设置。
收集设备能够包括中间件，尤其在第一和第二收集区域之间，所述中间件能够构成为管道、软管或孔。中间件尤其能够具有几mm的直径。
中间件能够基本上构成为管路，所述管路例如具有圆形的、四边形的或三角形的横截面。
收集设备优选具有至少一个用于从盘形轮的区域中接收油的第一开口和用于从混合动力变速器的离合器的区域中接收油的第二开口。
优选地，电动机包括电动机壳体，其中在电动机壳体中在电动机的绕线头
Figure BDA0002171315930000031
的区域中构成有留空部，即开口，使得油能够通过所述留空部或开口到达电动机的绕线头处，以便冷却所述绕线头。通过这种留空部，尤其能够提高电动机的被动冷却。通过留空部，喷射油尤其能够到达电动机的绕线头。
电动机壳体优选构成为柱形的并且具有柱形侧表面。留空部那么优选设置在电动机壳体的柱形侧表面中。尤其地，留空部能够设置在柱形侧表面的轴向的端部区域中。
电动机壳体优选在其外侧上具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达电动机壳体上的油、尤其喷射油引导到留空部中，几何结构尤其为肋和/或槽和/或导油板。
变速器壳体同样能够具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达变速器壳体上的油、尤其喷射油引导到电动机上，尤其引导到留空部中，几何结构尤其为肋和/或变速器壳体的固定结构，如法兰连接部。
附图说明
下面示例性地参照附图描述本发明。
图1从侧部示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的部分视图。
图2a、b示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的收集设备的第一收集区域的三维图。
图2c、d示出根据图2a和2b的第一收集区域的侧视图。
图3示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的三维部分视图。
图4示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的部分剖面图。
图5与图2相比从相对侧示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的视图。
图6a、b、c示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的电动机的示意图。
图7a至e示出变速器壳体中的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的电动机的示意图。
图8a、b示出另一实施方式的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的电动机的示意图。
图9a、b示出另一实施方式的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的电动机的示意图。
图10a至e示出另一实施方式的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的电动机的示意图。
具体实施方式
在图1中从侧部示出用于机动车的根据本发明的混合动力变速器。混合动力变速器包括变速器壳体1、设置在变速器壳体1中的具有盘形轮4 的差速器2和设置在变速器壳体1中的电动机3。电动机3和盘形轮4具有彼此平行的轴线。
在变速器壳体1中，油在未示出的油底壳中收集。差速器2的盘形轮 4部分地设置在油底壳中，使得其能够将油从油底壳中带动和向上分离。收集设备5在变速器壳体1中在盘形轮4之上并且相对于盘形轮侧向错开地设置，使得由盘形轮4从油底壳中一起分离的油在收集设备5中、更确切地说在收集设备5的第一收集区域6中收集，并且由收集设备5继续引导至电动机3，以便冷却电动机3。
电动机3包括空心轴转子并且收集设备5将油引导至电动机3的空心轴转子，以便通过空心轴转子用油供给电动机转子。
收集设备5在收集设备5的朝向盘形轮4的第一端部处具有第一收集区域6，所述第一收集区域在图2中详细地示出。此外，收集设备5在收集设备5的与第一端部相对置并且朝向电动机3的第二端部处具有第二收集区域。油能够从第二收集区域中流到、尤其落到空心轴转子中或空心轴转子的前部空间中。
收集设备5的深度、准确的实施方案和倾斜位置、尤其其第一收集区域6用于优化地收集并且将油继续引导至电动机3并且同时避免油在倾斜位置中、例如在强的下坡时回流。
收集设备5构成为并且在变速器壳体1中设置成，使得在机动车中的安装位置中，第二收集区域比第一收集区域6更深，使得在第二收集区域中在正常运行中能出现与在第一收集区域6中相同的油液位。
收集设备5包括在第一收集区域6和第二收集区域之间的中间件7，所述中间件能够构成为管道、软管或孔，并且所述中间件能够具有几mm 的直径，参见图5。中间件7能够通过穿过加厚的变速器壳体1的长的孔形成。
在图2a、b、c和d中更详细地示出根据本发明的混合动力变速器的收集设备5的第一收集区域6。
收集设备5在其第一收集区域6处具有用于从盘形轮4的区域中接收油、尤其喷射油的第一开口8和用于从混合动力变速器的离合器、例如双离合变速器的至少一个离合器的区域中接收油、尤其喷射油的第二开口9。
第一收集区域6的出口17能够经由位于内部的部分、例如软管或管道或者经由穿过加厚的变速器壳体1的长的孔连接至电动机3。
油到第一收集区域6中的可能的入流和出流在图2a中通过粗箭头示出。
图3示出图1的相同的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的三维部分视图，并且图4从上部示出混合动力变速器的部分的剖面图。
图5从相对侧观察示出图1的混合动力变速器。收集设备5的中间件 7轻微向下倾斜地伸展至电动机3，使得在电动机3的空心轴转子之上的出口是可行的。
图6至10示出电动机壳体10以及变速器壳体1的构成，所述电动机壳体和变速器壳体用于，改进电动机3的被动冷却。油、尤其喷射油的运动方向在此部分地通过箭头表示。
因为热学的热点、即电动机3的绕组头应冷却，所以电动机壳体10 如在图6b和c中示出的那样在绕组头的高度上具有径向留空部，通过所述径向留空部，从差速器2和其他轴喷出的冷却油到达电动机3中。全部轴与电动机3的转子同轴地定向，使得差速器2的和其他变速器构件的喷射油至少在电动机3的相向侧上径向地射到其壳体10上。
如在图7a、b、c、d和e中示出的，变速器壳体1具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达变速器壳体1上的油引导到电动机3上，尤其以便将油有针对性地引导到留空部11中，至绕组头。对此，在变速器壳体1处构成有肋15，例如挡板，所述肋能够在安装位置中在留空部11 之上具有一个或多个凹部，使得油沿着肋15或板流淌至留空部11。示意地示出下落的油滴18。
如在图7e中示出的，也能够将变速器壳体的固定结构16、如法兰区域或旋拧部用作为导油板或肋。
如在图8a和b中示出的，电动机壳体10在其外侧上具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达电动机壳体10上的油引导至留空部11中。这种几何结构例如能够是朝向留空部11倾斜伸展的肋12和/或环绕电动机壳体10的槽13，所述槽具有位于槽13中的孔作为用于油穿流的留空部11。
如在图9a和b和10a至e中示出的，也能够在电动机壳体10处、尤其在电动机3的背离差速器2的一侧处使用导油板14，以便将油引导到留空部11中。附加地，在导油板14处能够设有导油板孔19，以便油也能够在导油板14的后侧处下落到电动机3上。
附图标记列表：
1 变速器壳体
2 差速器
3 电动机
4 盘形轮
5 收集设备
6 第一收集区域
7 中间件
8 第一开口
9 第二开口
10 电动机壳体
11 留空部
12 肋
13 槽
14 导油板
15 肋
16 固定结构
17 出口
18 油滴
19 导油板孔

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车的混合动力变速器，所述混合动力变速器包括变速器壳体(1)、设置在所述变速器壳体(1)中的差速器(2)和设置在所述变速器壳体(1)中的电动机(3)，其中用于润滑和/或冷却变速器部件的油在所述变速器壳体(1)中循环，其中所述油在油底壳中收集，
其特征在于，
所述差速器(2)的盘形轮(4)部分地设置在所述油底壳中，其中收集设备(5)构成为并且在所述变速器壳体(1)中设置成，使得将由所述盘形轮(4)从所述油底壳中一起分离的油在所述收集设备(5)中收集从而继续引导至所述电动机(3)，使得所述油流向所述电动机(3)，以至于冷却所述电动机(3)，其中所述收集设备(5)在所述收集设备(5)的朝向所述盘形轮(4)的第一端部处具有第一收集区域(6)，并且在所述收集设备(5)的与所述第一端部相对置的并且朝向所述电动机(3)的第二端部处具有第二收集区域，其中所述收集设备(5)包括中间件(7)，所述中间件构成为管道、软管或孔，并且所述收集设备(5)具有至少一个第一开口(8)用于从所述盘形轮(4)的区域中接收油，并且具有第二开口(9)用于从所述混合动力变速器的离合器的区域中接收油，其中从所述第二收集区域起，油能够落向电动机。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述电动机(3)包括空心轴转子并且所述收集设备(5)构成为并且在所述变速器壳体(1)中设置成，使得所述油引导至所述电动机(3)的所述空心轴转子。
3.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述收集设备(5)构成为并且在所述变速器壳体(1)中设置成，使得在机动车中的安装位置中，所述第二收集区域不高于所述第一收集区域(6)，使得在所述第二收集区域中在正常运行中能够出现与在所述第一收集区域(6)中相同的油液位。
4.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述电动机(3)包括电动机壳体(10)，其中在所述电动机壳体(10)中，在所述电动机的绕线头的区域中构成有留空部(11)，使得油能够从所述电动机壳体(10)之外通过所述留空部(11)到达所述电动机(3)的所述绕线头处，以便冷却所述绕线头。
5.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述电动机壳体(10)在其外侧处具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达所述电动机壳体(10)上的油引导到所述留空部(11)中。
6.根据权利要求4所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述变速器壳体(1)具有几何结构，所述几何结构构成用于，将到达所述变速器壳体(1)上的油引导到所述电动机(3)上。
7.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
从所述第二收集区域起，油能够落到电动机的空心轴转子中或空心轴转子的前部空间中。
8.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述几何结构为肋(12)和/或槽(13)和/或导油板(14)。
9.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述几何结构构成用于，将到达所述变速器壳体(1)上的油引导到所述留空部(11)中。
10.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力变速器，
其特征在于，
所述几何结构为所述变速器壳体的固定结构(16)和/或肋(15)。
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