CN110841605A - 一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，将1‑甲基咪唑和微晶纤维素加入乙醇中，在水浴中搅拌反应后，用无水乙醇洗涤、离心后，真空干燥得到离子液体改性微晶纤维素；向单层氧化石墨烯分散液中加入铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素，超声分散均匀得浸渍液；将无纺布在真空烘箱中干燥后，置于浸渍液中，在真空烘箱中干燥得预处理改性无纺布；将所得预处理改性无纺布在乙醇中浸泡、除杂，在烘箱中烘干；将二苯甲酮用异丙醇溶解后，依次加入丙烯酸甲酯和丙烯酸丁酯，充分搅拌均匀后，加入去离子水搅拌得接枝反应溶液，将无纺布在其中浸泡，通入氮气后，置于紫外线下照射，取出在丙酮中浸泡后，用水冲洗、在烘箱中烘干。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于无纺布加工领域，具体涉及一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法。
背景技术
仿真花，是指用绷绢、皱纸、涤纶、塑料、水晶等材料制成的假花，以及用鲜花烘成的干花，业界泛称为人造花。人造花顾名思义，就是以鲜花作为蓝本，用布、纱、丝绸、塑料等原料加以仿造。今天，仿真花的工艺愈做愈精，几乎可以乱真。除了有各种鲜花的仿造品，市场上还出现了仿真叶、仿真枝干、仿真野草、仿真树、仿真植物等品种。人造花除可长久保持外，还具有可塑性强的特点，给了花艺设计师更大的创作自由。弯、折、串、剪等多种花艺制作的共同作用，为栩栩如生的花艺作品的出现提供了广阔的舞台。形象逼真的人造花加上搭配的多样性、丰富性，给我们带来有热情、有惊喜、有震撼、有永恒的美丽。
无纺布又称不织布，是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成。因具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。无纺布具有防潮、透气、柔韧、质轻、不助燃、容易分解、无毒无刺激性、色彩丰富、价格低廉、可循环再用等特点。
本发明通过将单层氧化石墨烯分散液与铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素混匀得浸渍液，用浸渍液作为改性剂，通过改进的直接浸没涂覆法，对无纺布进行表面改性，得预处理改性无纺布；再以预处理改性无纺布为基体，利用紫外接枝改性技术，在无纺布表面引入丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸丁酯两种单体，制备了紫外改性吸附型无纺布；改性无纺布的饱和吸附率大，对甲醛具有较好的吸附性、吸附效果明显。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的问题，提供了一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，依照该方法制备的改性无纺布饱和吸附率大，对甲醛具有较好的吸附性、吸附效果明显。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，包括如下步骤，下述原料按重量份计：
（1）以微晶纤维素为原料，通过烷基化反应，将咪唑离子液体官能团接枝到纤维素骨架上，咪唑类离子液体官能化纤维素改性成功，纤维素的化学改性有效地改善了其吸附性能；将15-30份1-甲基咪唑和1-2份微晶纤维素加入80-160份乙醇中，在70-75℃水浴中搅拌反应2-4h后，用无水乙醇洗涤、离心3-6min后，在60-65℃下真空干燥1-2h，得到离子液体改性微晶纤维素；微晶纤维素改性后对甲醛有较好的选择性吸附性能，离子液体改性微晶纤维素对甲醛有着较好的吸附能力；
（2）海泡石是一种纤维形态多孔的含镁硅酸盐，具有很大的比表面积，海泡石经三氯化铁改性后，海泡石中的碳酸盐被部分溶解，表面结构发生变化、粗糙度增加，铁改性海泡石形成了新的-OH，与天然海泡石相比，铁改性海泡石对甲醛的吸附容量提高了；向25-35份单层氧化石墨烯分散液中加入6-9份铁改性海泡石、（1）中所得离子液体改性微晶纤维素，超声分散均匀得浸渍液；将无纺布在80-85℃真空烘箱中干燥后，置于浸渍液中2-3h后，在80-85℃真空烘箱中干燥得预处理改性无纺布；
通过超声剥离得到单层氧化石墨烯分散液，将其与铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素混匀得浸渍液，用浸渍液作为改性剂，通过改进的直接浸没涂覆法，对无纺布进行表面改性，氧化石墨烯的特征官能团都出现在改性无纺布上，无纺布上负载上片层氧化石墨烯、铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素，预处理改性无纺布对甲醛的吸附性好；
（3）以预处理改性无纺布为基体，利用紫外接枝改性技术，在无纺布表面引入丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸丁酯两种单体，制备了紫外改性吸附型无纺布；将（2）中所得预处理改性无纺布在乙醇中浸泡、除杂，在70-75℃烘箱中烘干；将6-9份二苯甲酮用10-20份异丙醇溶解后，依次加入5-8份丙烯酸甲酯和4-7份丙烯酸丁酯，充分搅拌均匀后，加入40-80份去离子水搅拌得接枝反应溶液，将无纺布在其中浸泡1-2h，通入氮气5-10min后，置于波长365nm的紫外线下照射4-7min，取出在丙酮中浸泡1-2h后，用水冲洗、在70-75℃烘箱中烘干；改性无纺布的饱和吸附率大，对甲醛具有较好的吸附性、吸附效果明显。
进一步的，步骤（2）中将单层氧化石墨烯浸渍到无水乙醇中，超声分散处理充分溶解，得到0.1-0.2mg/mL的单层氧化石墨烯分散液。
进一步的，步骤（2）中铁改性海泡石的制备：将5-10份天然海泡石与10%氯化铁溶液按固液比1:10混合，搅拌、静置沉淀，除去上清液、将沉淀过滤、水洗至无铁离子和氯离子，在110-115℃烘箱中干燥、研磨、过100目筛，得到铁改性海泡石。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点：
（1）以微晶纤维素为原料，通过烷基化反应，将咪唑离子液体官能团接枝到纤维素骨架上，咪唑类离子液体官能化纤维素改性成功，纤维素的化学改性有效地改善了其吸附性能，微晶纤维素改性后对甲醛有较好的选择性吸附性能，离子液体改性微晶纤维素对甲醛有着较好的吸附能力。
（2）海泡石是一种纤维形态多孔的含镁硅酸盐，具有很大的比表面积，海泡石经三氯化铁改性后，海泡石中的碳酸盐被部分溶解，表面结构发生变化、粗糙度增加，铁改性海泡石形成了新的-OH，与天然海泡石相比，铁改性海泡石对甲醛的吸附容量提高了；
通过超声剥离得到单层氧化石墨烯分散液，将其与铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素混匀得浸渍液，用浸渍液作为改性剂，通过改进的直接浸没涂覆法，对无纺布进行表面改性，氧化石墨烯的特征官能团都出现在改性无纺布上，无纺布上负载上片层氧化石墨烯、铁改性海泡石、离子液体改性微晶纤维素，预处理改性无纺布对甲醛的吸附性好。
（3）以预处理改性无纺布为基体，利用紫外接枝改性技术，在无纺布表面引入丙烯酸甲酯与丙烯酸丁酯两种单体，制备了紫外改性吸附型无纺布；改性无纺布的饱和吸附率大，对甲醛具有较好的吸附性，吸附效果明显。
具体实施方式
实施例1
一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，下述原料按重量份计：
（1）离子液体改性微晶纤维素的制备：将15份1-甲基咪唑和1份微晶纤维素加入80份乙醇中，在70℃水浴中搅拌反应4h后，用无水乙醇洗涤、离心3min后，在60℃下真空干燥2h，得到离子液体改性微晶纤维素；
（2）将单层氧化石墨烯浸渍到无水乙醇中，超声分散处理充分溶解，得到0.1mg/mL的单层氧化石墨烯分散液；
铁改性海泡石的制备：将5份天然海泡石与10%氯化铁溶液按固液比1:10混合，搅拌、静置沉淀，除去上清液、将沉淀过滤、水洗至无铁离子和氯离子，在110℃烘箱中干燥、研磨、过100目筛，得到铁改性海泡石；
预处理改性无纺布的制备：向25份单层氧化石墨烯分散液中加入6份铁改性海泡石、（1）中所得离子液体改性微晶纤维素，超声分散均匀得浸渍液；将无纺布在80℃真空烘箱中干燥后，置于浸渍液中2h后，在80℃真空烘箱中干燥得预处理改性无纺布；
（3）无纺布的紫外改性：将（2）中所得预处理改性无纺布在乙醇中浸泡、除杂，在70℃烘箱中烘干；将6份二苯甲酮用10份异丙醇溶解后，依次加入5份丙烯酸甲酯和4份丙烯酸丁酯，充分搅拌均匀后，加入40份去离子水搅拌得接枝反应溶液，将无纺布在其中浸泡1h，通入氮气5min后，置于波长365nm的紫外线下照射4min，取出在丙酮中浸泡1h后，用水冲洗、在70℃烘箱中烘干。
实施例2
一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，下述原料按重量份计：
（1）离子液体改性微晶纤维素的制备：将30份1-甲基咪唑和2份微晶纤维素加入160份乙醇中，在75℃水浴中搅拌反应2h后，用无水乙醇洗涤、离心6min后，在65℃下真空干燥1h，得到离子液体改性微晶纤维素；
（2）将单层氧化石墨烯浸渍到无水乙醇中，超声分散处理充分溶解，得到0.2mg/mL的单层氧化石墨烯分散液；
铁改性海泡石的制备：将10份天然海泡石与10%氯化铁溶液按固液比1:10混合，搅拌、静置沉淀，除去上清液、将沉淀过滤、水洗至无铁离子和氯离子，在115℃烘箱中干燥、研磨、过100目筛，得到铁改性海泡石；
预处理改性无纺布的制备：向35份单层氧化石墨烯分散液中加入9份铁改性海泡石、（1）中所得离子液体改性微晶纤维素，超声分散均匀得浸渍液；将无纺布在85℃真空烘箱中干燥后，置于浸渍液中3h后，在85℃真空烘箱中干燥得预处理改性无纺布；
（3）无纺布的紫外改性：将（2）中所得预处理改性无纺布在乙醇中浸泡、除杂，在75℃烘箱中烘干；将9份二苯甲酮用20份异丙醇溶解后，依次加入8份丙烯酸甲酯和7份丙烯酸丁酯，充分搅拌均匀后，加入80份去离子水搅拌得接枝反应溶液，将无纺布在其中浸泡2h，通入氮气10min后，置于波长365nm的紫外线下照射7min，取出在丙酮中浸泡2h后，用水冲洗、在75℃烘箱中烘干。
按照本发明实施例方法制备的改性无纺布对甲醛的吸附性好，改性无纺布的饱和吸附率大，用这种改性无纺布加工生产的人造花不仅能起到美观装饰的作用，还能够吸附甲醛、净化空气；
用甲醛检测仪对新装修房屋进行检测，装修前甲醛浓度为0.041mg/m3，装修后甲醛浓度为0.174mg/m3，装修后的房间基本每天都保持窗户通风，每次测试前关闭门窗24小时；在装修后的房间内放置使用实施例中无纺布制作的人造花（按每平米房屋面积使用每平米改性无纺布），装修后一个月甲醛浓度为0.131mg/m3，装修后两个月甲醛浓度为0.106mg/m3，装修后三个月甲醛浓度为0.073mg/m3，符合国家标准对居室空气中甲醛规定的0.08mg/m3。
Claims (3)
1.一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤，下述原料按重量份计：
（1）离子液体改性微晶纤维素的制备：
将15-30份1-甲基咪唑和1-2份微晶纤维素加入80-160份乙醇中，在70-75℃水浴中搅拌反应2-4h后，用无水乙醇洗涤、离心3-6min后，在60-65℃下真空干燥1-2h，得到离子液体改性微晶纤维素；
预处理改性无纺布的制备：
向25-35份单层氧化石墨烯分散液中加入6-9份铁改性海泡石、（1）中所得离子液体改性微晶纤维素，超声分散均匀得浸渍液；将无纺布在80-85℃真空烘箱中干燥后，置于浸渍液中2-3h后，在80-85℃真空烘箱中干燥得预处理改性无纺布；
无纺布的紫外改性：
将（2）中所得预处理改性无纺布在乙醇中浸泡、除杂，在70-75℃烘箱中烘干；将6-9份二苯甲酮用10-20份异丙醇溶解后，依次加入5-8份丙烯酸甲酯和4-7份丙烯酸丁酯，充分搅拌均匀后，加入40-80份去离子水搅拌得接枝反应溶液，将无纺布在其中浸泡1-2h，通入氮气5-10min后，置于波长365nm的紫外线下照射4-7min，取出在丙酮中浸泡1-2h后，用水冲洗、在70-75℃烘箱中烘干。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中将单层氧化石墨烯浸渍到无水乙醇中，超声分散处理充分溶解，得到0.1-0.2mg/mL的单层氧化石墨烯分散液。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种人造花用吸附型无纺布的改性方法，其特征在于，步骤（2）中铁改性海泡石的制备：
将5-10份天然海泡石与10%氯化铁溶液按固液比1:10混合，搅拌、静置沉淀，除去上清液、将沉淀过滤、水洗至无铁离子和氯离子，在110-115℃烘箱中干燥、研磨、过100目筛，得到铁改性海泡石。
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