CN1108144A - 液体过滤器 - Google Patents

液体过滤器 Download PDF

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CN1108144A
CN1108144A CN94113453A CN94113453A CN1108144A CN 1108144 A CN1108144 A CN 1108144A CN 94113453 A CN94113453 A CN 94113453A CN 94113453 A CN94113453 A CN 94113453A CN 1108144 A CN1108144 A CN 1108144A
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filter
filter medium
liquid
thermoplastic polymer
medium
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F·古比茨
G·莱茨尔
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/31—Filter housing constructions including arrangements for environmental protection, e.g. pressure resisting features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D35/00—Filtering devices having features not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00, or for applications not specifically covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D33/00; Auxiliary devices for filtration; Filter housing constructions
    • B01D35/30—Filter housing constructions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/32—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements
    • F02M37/34—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by filters or filter arrangements by the filter structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2239/00—Aspects relating to filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D2239/06—Filter cloth, e.g. knitted, woven non-woven; self-supported material
    • B01D2239/0604—Arrangement of the fibres in the filtering material
    • B01D2239/0618—Non-woven
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/22—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system
    • F02M37/24—Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines, e.g. arrangements in the feeding system characterised by water separating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2225/00—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05C2225/08—Thermoplastics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)

Abstract

其部件由一种热塑性聚合物，主要是由聚缩醛组 成的、用来纯化矿物油的一种液体过滤器是通过这些 部件焊接起来制成的。
因为不存在异质材料，所以这种过滤器可顺利地 进行反复加工。

Description

本发明涉及用于纯化矿物油例如汽油和燃料油的一种过滤器，这种过滤器的构件如过滤介质、过滤器壳体，以及过滤器的支承体和连接体都是由一种热塑性聚合物制成的。在过滤器、壳体以及必要时和支承体之间通过焊接来连接。
机动车注射泵的产生压力的元件是同喷嘴是以千分之几毫米的精度互相匹配的。这意味着，汽油中达到千分之几毫米粒度的杂质能促进磨损或能危害经过精密加工的部件的功能。因此过滤不好能导致对泵活塞、压出阀和喷嘴的损伤。严重磨损的后果有：燃烧不好;汽油消耗量高;产生烟雾;起动不好;空运转不平稳;马达功率减小。
因此汽油的纯化很重要，必须用适合于注射泵要求的特殊过滤器来实现。按使用特性区分，有单级过滤器、多级过滤器和平行过滤器，它们均带有蓄水器或无蓄水器。
特别流行的是在一个壳体中装有一细孔隙过滤器（平均孔隙直径视马达设计数据而定，约为5至15μm）的一些结构单元。这种过滤器通常由特种纸组成，该特种纸被卷绕成螺旋形或被折叠成星形作为滤袋并被装在壳体中的支承体上方。一般使用金属或一种热塑性聚合物作为壳体材料。
为了使过滤器蕊子的液体进入面和滤出面完全分隔开，过滤器蕊子和壳体之间必须是密封的。这通常可用特种粘合剂，有时用特种粘合剂和由耐汽油的弹料制成的垫圈结合来实现的。为了壳体和壳体盖之间的密封，一般同样需要使用一种弹料垫圈。加入粘合剂以及硫化期，均同使用由耐汽油的弹料制成的垫圈一样是增加成本的明显因素。这种类型的过滤器在连续工作一定时间之后要整个更换。
汽油过滤器的其它结构形式使用所谓的过滤器蕊子。在此情况下涉及一些结构，这些结构是把由毛毡或纸组成的过滤器安装在内外都冲孔的一种金属支承体之间，这种支承体上下用盖子封闭，为了将液体滤出面和液体进入面严格分隔开，对这样一引起过滤器蕊子也必须使用合适垫圈和/或胶。然后将这种结构单元放到一个壳体中，用螺栓使壳体的上部份和下部份彼此连接。持续工作相当时间之后，将螺栓松开，只更换过滤器蕊子。
迄今所使用的过滤器结构的缺点是：这些结构都由多种不同材料组成，因此整个结构实际上不可再循环使用。目前在爱惜资源的范围内正在研究一些方案，这些方案通过拆卸已用过的过滤器的废部件，分成金属部分和非金属部分。可按已知的方法将金属部分再进行加工，而拆卸下来的非金属量是过滤纸、毛毡、粘合剂和弹料的混合物，这些混合物只能运往废料堆或可通过燃烧来消除。
因此存在的任务是避免上述缺点。
本发明涉及用来纯化矿物油的一种液体过滤器，这种过滤器的所有构件都是由一种热塑性聚合物组成。
本发明过滤器的构件根据定义有壳体、过滤介质、支承体和连接体。
作为热塑性聚合物（这种聚合物当然必须是耐矿物油的）最好使用聚缩醛（POM），就是说使用甲醛均聚物和优选含有氧（化）乙烯单元作为共聚单体的甲醛共聚物以及三元共聚物。在此情况下包括含重单元（CH2O）超过50%的所有聚合物。已知的是，聚缩醛用来制造配合精密的模制件。
对本发明的过滤器来说，重要的是：所有的构件都用相同的聚合物制成，以使这些构件在可能循环作业的情况下较容易地再加工，而且应避免使用粘合剂和弹料垫圈。正是品种一样的废缩甲醛容易顺利地被再加工，因此不仅产品生产而且可能的废料处理都是费用特别低。
首先用分步操作程序通过注塑来制造过滤器结构需要的实心模制件。为了生产在一般情况下是一种非织造材料（非织造物或毛毡）的过滤介质，可以使用由热塑料生产非织造织物的已知的常规生产方法。按所希望的气孔直径、过滤流量和过滤厚度而定，可通过例如针刺、轧光整理和短时间的加热对非织造织物进行后加工。
用焊接来连续本发明过滤器的构件，例如连续过滤器介质、过滤器底板或过滤器盖（对所谓的过滤蕊子来说）和连结过滤介质、过滤器支承体和壳体，这些构件的装配必须是不漏液体的。为热塑性塑料研制出的所有焊接方法原则上都适用，优选使用加热原件焊接法。
将一种实心部件和一种由相同材料制成的“非实心部件”（非织造织物、泡沫塑料）焊接在一起，在一般情况下只能很困难地实现，因为这些部件的热容是很不同的。在例如对过滤介质（非织造织物）和过滤器盖（实心部件）同时和/或同样加热时，由于在非织造织物中存在的壁厚很小，这种材料很快被溶化，结果是，纤维粘合非织造织物收缩明显减少了以前由非织造织物占有的体积。与非织造织物的相当低的刚性有联系的这种体积收缩使此过滤器与这个和这部份非织造织物同时加热的过滤器盖的焊接极为困难，因为相对地说，实心部件的大得多的壁厚需要相当大量的熔化热。
在本发明的过滤器中，朝过滤介质的实心部件面上带有一些凸出结构（凸缘、栓钉、隔片或诸如此类）。将这些结构加热到超过热塑性聚合物熔点温度之后，受到增塑的这些结构和未加热的过滤介质接合在一起。在此情况下，受到了增塑的实心部件材料部份地渗透到过滤介质的非织造织物结构中，在边缘区将纤维加热直到超过其熔点，因此发生真正的焊接。在进行拉伸试验时，一般在非织造织物区出现断裂，不在焊接区断裂。
本发明过滤器适合用来纯化矿物油，主要用来纯化汽油和燃料油，但也用此过滤器来消除其它无机或有机天然液体中的杂质。
在一般情况下，组成此过滤器有以下构件（见图1和图2）：
1.壳体
2.过滤器盖
3.由POM非织造织物组成的过滤介质
4.过滤器底板
5.壳体盖
对某些用途来说，必要时还有其它附加的功能部件，例如脱水器或紧固元件。
在制造此过滤器时，通过加热使过滤器盖（2）经向运动凸缘及过滤器底板（4）增塑，然后在适当的压力（0.2N/mm2）下使其和由POM非织造织物通过卷绕制成的过滤器（3）接合。经过在壳体中整体定中心的方法将过滤器整体固定在壳体（1）中。通过将过滤器底板和壳体盖焊接连接到壳体盖（5）上。壳体（1）和壳体盖同样是通过焊接彼此连接。

Claims (9)

1、液体过滤器，其特征在于；所有的构件都由热塑性聚合物组成。
2、按权利要求1所述的过滤器，其特征在于：此热塑性聚合物是聚缩醛。
3、按权利要求1或2所述的过滤器，其特征在于：它由过滤器壳体、壳体盖、过滤介质、筛网、支承体和必要时还有其它构件组成。
4、按权利要求1至3的一项或多项所述的过滤器，其特征在于：和过滤介质直接连接的构件在其朝过滤介质的实心构件面上具有凸缘、栓钉或隔片形式的凸出结构。
5、按权利要求1至3的一项或多项所述的过滤器，其特征在于：过滤介质以非织造材料的形式存在。
6、按权利要求1至5的一项或多项所述的过滤器，其特征在于：受到了增塑的实心部件材料部份地渗入过滤介质的非织造织物结构中并受到焊接。
7、一种液体过滤器的制造方法，其特征在于：预先制成一些实心模制件，这些模制件在其朝过滤介质的面上有一些凸出的结构，将这些面上的凸出结构加热到超过的热塑性聚合物的熔点温度，紧接着使其和未加热的过滤介质接合。
8、按权利要求1至6的一项或多面所述的过滤器的应用，用来纯化无机液体或有机液体。
9、按权利要求8所述的应用，用来纯化矿物油，主要用来纯化汽油和燃烧油。
CN94113453A 1993-12-30 1994-12-26 液体过滤器 Pending CN1108144A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4344983A DE4344983A1 (de) 1993-12-30 1993-12-30 Flüssigkeitsfilter
DEP4344983.2 1993-12-30

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CN1108144A true CN1108144A (zh) 1995-09-13

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US (1) US5695638A (zh)
EP (1) EP0667177B1 (zh)
JP (1) JPH07213815A (zh)
KR (1) KR950016829A (zh)
CN (1) CN1108144A (zh)
AT (1) ATE157898T1 (zh)
CA (1) CA2138464A1 (zh)
CZ (1) CZ332094A3 (zh)
DE (2) DE4344983A1 (zh)
ES (1) ES2107734T3 (zh)
PL (1) PL306531A1 (zh)
TW (1) TW314473B (zh)

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CN101772370A (zh) * 2007-08-04 2010-07-07 帕克汉尼芬有限公司 过滤器组件
CN101772370B (zh) * 2007-08-04 2013-05-29 帕克汉尼芬有限公司 过滤器组件
CN105386903A (zh) * 2015-12-08 2016-03-09 重庆翼虎动力机械有限公司 一种柴油发动机空气滤清器

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PL306531A1 (en) 1995-07-10
TW314473B (zh) 1997-09-01
DE4344983A1 (de) 1995-07-13
JPH07213815A (ja) 1995-08-15
EP0667177B1 (de) 1997-09-10
CA2138464A1 (en) 1995-07-01
ATE157898T1 (de) 1997-09-15
CZ332094A3 (en) 1995-12-13
EP0667177A1 (de) 1995-08-16
DE59404031D1 (de) 1997-10-16
US5695638A (en) 1997-12-09
ES2107734T3 (es) 1997-12-01
KR950016829A (ko) 1995-07-20

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