CN110810346B - Method for treating corn straws by using two insects - Google Patents
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- CN110810346B CN110810346B CN201911162857.2A CN201911162857A CN110810346B CN 110810346 B CN110810346 B CN 110810346B CN 201911162857 A CN201911162857 A CN 201911162857A CN 110810346 B CN110810346 B CN 110810346B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating corn straws by using two insects, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: kneading fresh corn straw into pieces for feeding locusta migratoria in east Asia; crushing dry corn straws, and mixing and paving the crushed dry corn straws with the east Asian migratory locust sand generated by feeding the east Asian migratory locust and the residual corn straw residues; stacking and composting the mixed and spread raw materials; turning the rotten material pile; carrying out soil preparation and disinfection treatment on the scarab beetle culture shed to manufacture a culture purse net; inoculating the larva of the platysternon leucocephala in the breeding shed; and harvesting adult locusta migratoria manilensis and aged larvae of the platysternon megacephalum for breeding seed sources. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the corn straws can be completely converted by combining two environment insects, the conversion period is short, the synergistic effect of the locusta migratoria in east Asia and the scarab beetle is fully exerted, and the high-speed, high-efficiency and high-value conversion of the corn straws is ensured on the premise of no addition of auxiliary materials, low process energy consumption, short conversion period and no secondary pollution.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological cycle agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for treating corn straws by using two insects.
(II) background of the invention
Each kind of straw produced in agricultural production in China is as high as 7 hundred million tons every year, and the amount of corn straw is about 3.5 hundred million tons. At present, the following treatment techniques are mainly available: 1. straw returning, direct returning, retting returning in indirect returning, abdominal returning and ring returning are common in rural areas, high-temperature fertilizer making and efficient and clean modern returning after anaerobic digestion are not mature enough, and a plurality of factors restrict the development of the method; 2. gasifying the straws; 3. forming the straw; 4. preparing biogas from straws; 5. the straw is processed into feed. In conclusion, the straw recycling technology in China is in diversified development. There is a considerable gap from some countries in the western world, however, and a considerable portion of crop straw is still disposed of in the field, at the top of the field and in the ditches, or incinerated. At present, the comprehensive utilization rate of the straw is less than 50%. Along with the increase of national environmental protection and the adjustment of rural energy structures, the utilization rate of the straws is reduced, a large number of paper mill rice and wheat straw chemical pulping plants are closed, the reutilization rate of the straws is greatly reduced, and the problem of straw treatment is more and more prominent.
Disclosure of the invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for treating corn straws by using two insects, which can completely convert the corn straws, has short conversion period, obtains two environmental insect bodies and chafer sand with wide application prospect in the ecological breeding industry, and realizes high-speed, high-efficiency and high-value conversion of the corn straws.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for treating corn stalks by using two insects is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) kneading and crushing fresh corn straws for feeding locusta migratoria in east Asia;
(2) crushing dry corn straws, and mixing and paving the crushed dry corn straws with the east Asian migratory locust sand generated by feeding the east Asian migratory locust and the residual corn straw residues of the east Asian migratory locust;
(3) stacking and composting the mixed and spread raw materials;
(4) turning the rotten material pile;
(5) carrying out soil preparation and disinfection treatment on the scarab beetle culture shed to manufacture a culture purse net;
(6) inoculating the larva of the platysternon leucocephala in the culture shed;
(7) and harvesting the adult locusta migratoria and the aged larvae of the scarab brevitarsis for reserving breeding seed sources.
Preferably, in the step (1), the fresh corn straws are crushed to 0.1-0.3 cm and fed to locusta migratoria within 3 instars to the tail crossing stage.
Preferably, in the step (2), the dry corn stalks are crushed to 0.3-0.5 cm, and the east Asian migratory locust sand, the residue of the residual corn stalks fed to the east Asian migratory locust and the crushed dry corn stalks are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:6, and mixing.
Preferably, in the step (2), when paving, from top to bottom: adding water to the mixed and paved raw materials by using dry corn straws, east Asia migratory locust sand and the residual corn straw residues for feeding the east Asia migratory locust, and pre-wetting for 1 day, wherein the water content of the raw materials is more than 90%.
Preferably, in the step (2), after the mixed raw materials are soaked and sufficiently absorbed, 1% of quicklime or 3% of calcium carbonate is scattered.
Preferably, in the step (3), after the pile is built, air holes are punched, and the air holes are punched to the bottom of the material pile.
Preferably, in the step (4), when the material temperature reaches above 60 ℃, keeping for 24 hours, then turning over the pile, turning the inner material outwards, turning the outer material inwards, and rebuilding the pile; when the material temperature reaches above 60 ℃ again, keeping for 24h, and turning the pile once again until the material temperature is reduced to below 32 ℃.
Preferably, in step (4), the temperature of the stockpile is measured at a depth of 50 cm.
Preferably, in the step (6), 2-instar platysternon leucotrichum larvae which moult for 2-4 days are inoculated.
Preferably, in the step (6), a layer of material is firstly paved in the cultivation purse net, then the larvae of the scarab beetle are inoculated, and after the inoculation is finished, a layer of material is paved in the cultivation purse net.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the corn straws can be completely converted by combining two environment insects, the conversion period is short, the wet-in-dry-out real-time conversion of the locusta migratoria in east Asia is realized, the conversion force of the staphylotrichia brevitarsis on the insect sand and high-fiber materials is strong, and the characteristics of the insect sand particles are combined, the synergistic effect of the two is fully exerted, and the high-speed, high-efficiency and high-value conversion of the corn straws is ensured on the premise of no addition of auxiliary materials, low process energy consumption, short conversion period and no secondary pollution.
(IV) description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
This embodiment comprises the steps of:
the first step is as follows: physically crushing fresh corn straws, and performing abdominal transformation by using locusta migratoria
After the corn is harvested in the corn field, collecting fresh corn straws with the water content of 85-90%. Firstly, kneading fresh corn straws to 0.1-0.3 cm by using a silk kneading machine, and then directly taking out to feed locusta migratoria within 3 instars to the tail crossing stage. After the locusta migratoria in east Asia eats for 2-4 h, the fresh corn straws can be converted into biomass of locusta migratoria sand and polypide.
The second step is that: stock preparation and prewetting
Collecting sand of the locusta migratoria in east Asia and residual corn straw residues after the adult locusta migratoria in the 20m × 4m × 2m cultivation shed is harvested; and (3) crushing the dry corn stalks harvested in the corn field to 0.3-0.5 cm by using a crusher. According to the method, the locusta migratoria sand: the residue of the residual corn stalks: mixing the crushed dry corn straws in a mass ratio of 2:2: 6.
The raw materials are spread out in proportion, laid and prewetted for 1 day, 3 layers of dry corn straws, east Asian migratory locust sand and residual corn straw residues are sequentially arranged from top to bottom, the dry materials are piled up and rotten by 6-8 piles in summer, 4-5 piles in autumn and 2-3 piles in winter. Soaking the raw materials with water to absorb enough water to make the water content reach above 90%, and spraying 1% of quicklime or 3% of calcium carbonate. Care was taken to prevent the caking phenomenon.
The third step: pile-building and composting
The raw materials are stirred uniformly and then are built into a trapezoidal pile. The pile building size is related to seasons, a small pile is built within 5-9 months, the lower width is 1.5m, the height is 1.0m, the upper width is 1.0m, and the pile is covered with a sunshade net after punching; piling for 10 months, wherein the lower part of the pile is 2.5m wide, the height of the pile is 1.5m, the upper part of the pile is 1.0m wide, a sunshade net is used for covering after punching, and a plastic film is covered at night; building for 11 months, wherein the lower width of the pile is 3m, the height of the pile is 1.8m, the upper width of the pile is 1.5m, a plastic film is covered after punching, and ventilation is carried out for 2-4 h in the daytime; and building the pile for 12 months, wherein the lower width is 3.2m, the height is 2m, the upper width is 1.5m, a plastic film is covered after punching, and ventilation is carried out for 1-2 hours in the daytime.
After the pile is built, air holes are punched, the number of the air holes is 2-3 rows at the top, the distance is 30-40 cm, more than half of the area of the side face is punched for 3 rows on average, and the distance is 30-40 cm. The air holes must be punched to the bottom, and the thickness is about 7 cm.
The fourth step: material turning pile
Measuring the position temperature of the material pile about 50cm every day after pile building, rising the temperature to above 60 ℃ 3-5 days, turning the pile after keeping for 24 hours, spraying carbendazim while turning the edge, turning the inner material outwards, turning the outer material inwards, building the pile again, and punching air holes. The temperature of the material is raised to 60 ℃ again and kept for 24 hours and then turned over once again. When the temperature is reduced to 32 ℃ or below, the work of the stage can be finished. If the temperature of the pile is not proper in cold weather and the temperature is not increased after 6 days, the pile is immediately turned over to rebuild a big pile. After the composting is finished, the larvae of the 2 nd-age of the staphylotrichum septentrionale are inoculated as soon as possible, and the staphylotrichum septentrionale can not be piled continuously.
The fifth step: scarification and disinfection of scarab breeding shed and breeding purse net production
In the process of material pile rotting, the cultivation shed land is leveled, for example, before drought inoculation, water is irrigated once to permeate water, bactericide such as clotrimazole, carbendazim and the like and insecticide such as phoxim, trichlorfon and the like are used for sterilizing and disinsection treatment for the surrounding environment of the ground once, and the surrounding of the ground is disinfected carefully. And marking the positions of the breeding purse nets and the walkways by lime powder routing after 2 days, wherein each breeding purse net is 1m long, 1m wide, 40cm high and 1m wide in the working channel.
And a sixth step: inoculation of
Lime is spread in the whole cultivation shed before inoculation to be white. Laying a layer of material of 15-20 cm in a cultivation purse net, then inoculating 5000 newly molted 2-4 days old 2-instar platysternon megacephalum larvae, laying a layer of material of 15-20 cm in the cultivation purse net after inoculation is finished, and inoculating all the rest cultivation purse nets in the cultivation shed according to the method and the analogy after the inoculation of the first cultivation purse net is finished. Monitoring the temperature of the stack rotting material to be not more than 32 ℃, and performing hole pricking oxygen permeation heat removal treatment after the temperature is too high.
The seventh step: larval stage management
The temperature of the larval stage material is controlled below 32 ℃, the material is punched and ventilated when the temperature exceeds 32 ℃, and the upper half part of the material pile can be turned over or punched for ventilation and temperature reduction, so that rain is prevented from entering the material and water cannot be sprayed. At the moment, pipelines are laid, and each pipeline is provided with a spray belt which extends to penetrate through the culture purse seine in the whole culture shed. The pipeline maintains certain water pressure through reducing, so that the coverage area of the spray belt is proper, and the water drops are small and uniform in fog shape.
In the larval stage, when the humidity of the feed is reduced to 55-60%, water is sprayed until the humidity is increased to 70-80%.
When the height of the material laid by the cultivation purse net is reduced to 15cm, the Chrysomya septempunctata sand is sieved out by a 6-mesh sieve, and then new material is laid. When the larva of the scarab beetle grows to be mature larva of 3.7 cm-3.9 cm, the larva bodies are harvested and the small larva meeting the transformation condition is supplemented.
Eighth step, insect breeding and application
The harvested adult locusta migratoria manilensis and the mature larva of the scarab platyphylla are sufficient for breeding seed sources, and matched small larvae are continuously provided for a conversion technology system so as to realize the annual conversion treatment of the corn straws. The adult locusta migratoria in east Asia can be sold directly as the food for human; the rest of the aged larva of the staurochafer is processed into insect source protein feed after being dried by microwave and is applied to the ecological breeding industry of special economic animals and livestock and poultry. The harvested scarab beetle larvae sand is dry and tasteless gray black oblong particles, is rich in organic matters and nutrient elements, contains beneficial bacteria and humic acid beneficial to crop growth, is a special biological fertilizer with good quality, and is very suitable for being applied to the ecological planting industry.
Corn stalks are artificially created natural resources, a biological path is the only development path proved by years of practice, and the corn stalks are the new economic development path utilizing biological resources and the necessary path for future resource economy on the basis of repairing natural biological chains. Therefore, the patent provides a new method for solving straw resources by using insect biological resources, which can be used for establishing a natural ecological resource transformation and utilization technical system.
The straw resource conversion and utilization technology is based on natural ecological foundation, and is based on the natural biological chain law, corn straws are used as resources to be converted into insect feed, an insect digestive system is used for processing and converting the corn straw resources, insects are used as resources to be processed into adult food or feed protein, and corresponding substance products are produced. Forms an ecological cycle industrial chain of 'corn straws → two environmental insects → insect bodies and insect sands → ecological breeding and breeding → corn straws'.
Claims (7)
1. A method for treating corn stalks by using two insects is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) kneading and crushing fresh corn straws for feeding locusta migratoria in east Asia;
(2) smashing dry corn straws, mixing and paving with east Asian migratory locust sand generated by feeding the east Asian migratory locust and residual corn straw residues of the east Asian migratory locust, and when paving, sequentially paving from top to bottom: adding water to the mixed and paved raw materials to ensure that the water content of the raw materials reaches over 90 percent, pre-wetting for 1 day, soaking the mixed raw materials to absorb enough water, and then spraying 1 percent of quicklime or 3 percent of calcium carbonate;
(3) stacking and composting the mixed and spread raw materials;
(4) turning the rotten material pile, keeping the temperature for 24 hours when the material temperature reaches above 60 ℃, turning the pile, turning the inner material outwards, turning the outer material inwards, and building the pile again; keeping for 24h when the material temperature reaches above 60 ℃ again, and turning the pile once again until the material temperature is reduced to below 32 ℃;
(5) carrying out soil preparation and disinfection treatment on the scarab beetle culture shed to manufacture a culture purse net;
(6) inoculating the larva of the platysternon leucocephala in the culture shed;
(7) and harvesting the adult locusta migratoria and the aged larvae of the scarab brevitarsis for reserving breeding seed sources.
2. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (1), fresh corn straws are crushed to 0.1-0.3 cm and fed to locusta migratoria within 3 instars to the tail crossing stage.
3. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (2), the dry corn straws are crushed to 0.3-0.5 cm, and the sand of the locusta migratoria in east Asia, the residual corn straw residues for feeding the locusta migratoria in east Asia and the crushed dry corn straws are mixed according to the mass ratio of 2:2:6, and mixing.
4. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) in the step (3), punching air holes after the pile is built, and punching the air holes to the bottom of the material pile.
5. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (4), the temperature of the stockpile is measured at a depth of 50 cm.
6. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: and (6) inoculating 2-instar platysternon leucotrichum larvae which are molted for 2-4 days.
7. The method of treating corn stover with two insects, according to claim 1, wherein: in the step (6), a layer of material is firstly paved in the cultivation purse net, then the larvae of the platysternon leucocephala are inoculated, and after the inoculation is finished, a layer of material is paved in the cultivation purse net.
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| CN111903878A (en) * | 2020-08-10 | 2020-11-10 | 山东农业大学 | Method for treating agricultural solid organic waste by using scarab beetles |
| CN114731928B (en) * | 2022-04-08 | 2023-04-07 | 丽水市瑞芝食用菌科技有限公司 | Process and equipment for manufacturing culture medium by using agricultural, forestry and animal husbandry wastes |
| CN115067285B (en) * | 2022-07-21 | 2023-12-05 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for obtaining white star flower scarab breeding furgus lucorum by using cane shoot straw |
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