CN103314741B - Method for biologically converting mushrooms by mixed materials of rape stalk - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for biologically converting mushrooms by mixed materials of rape stalk. The method comprises the steps of fully mixing the rape stalk which is dried naturally with wood chips or cotton stalk, adding bran, corn flour, saccharose, land plaster, calcium carbonate and the like, mixing uniformly, stacking, stirring, then transferring into polyethylene plastic bags, tying the bags, performing high temperature sterilization, cooling to the room temperature, inoculating mushrooms under aseptic conditions, stacking, performing incubation, perforating and moisturizing to perform low-temperature, high-temperature, moisture and illumination stimulation after colors of mushroom hyphae are changed, keeping the moisture and the air humidity and ventilating after small mushroom buds appear, cutting openings at positions where the mushroom buds appear for the buds to extend out, keeping the temperature and the humidity, paying attention to illumination and ventilation, directly spraying proper nutrients after diameters of caps exceed two centimeters, and picking the mushrooms after the mushrooms are 70% to 80% matured and edges of the mushroom caps, which are curled downwards, unfold outwards. According to the method, the rape stalk substitutes for traditional cut log raw materials, so that the resource utilization rate of agricultural and sideline products is improved, the contradiction between the edible mushroom industry development and the forest resource supply and demand is alleviated, and the dry weight of dried mushroom sporocarp per bag is in a range of 75-105g.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Agricultural recycling economy and mushroom industry field, be specifically related to a kind of method of Rape Straw mix biological transformation mushroom.
Background technology
Rape is one of the staple crops in Hubei Province, and more than 220 ten thousand tons of rape seed are produced in Hubei per year, and its accessory substance rape stalk output is over 6,000,000 tons.The main component of Rape Straw is cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, is valuable biomass resource, can be converted into bioenergy, animal feed and other organic products.But utilize at present the consumption of mode extremely limited, still there is the rape stalk over half of surpassing to fail to be fully used, the common on-site incineration of unemployed Rape Straw, not only cause the wasting of resources, contaminated environment also, when serious, can cause long-time haze weather, harm people's health and public safety.On the other hand, the contradiction of the fast development of mushroom industry and resource supply and demand, forest protection day by day highlights.Research shows that every production 1 kg dried thin mushroom needs 10-20 kg timber; At present, the development of mushroom industry still need to be usingd the forest resources as basis, and resource problem has become the bottleneck of restriction Edible Fungi Industry Development.
In order to change present situation, in line with turning waste into wealth, the thinking of making the best use of everything, separately wards off the new footpath of Rape Straw utilization, cracks the bottleneck problem that hinders Edible Fungi Industry Development.Yet there are no the report that utilizes Rape Straw successfully to transform mushroom.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the above-mentioned state of the art, aim to provide a kind of method of Rape Straw biological transformation mushroom.To crack Edible Fungi Industry Development and resource disparities between supply and demand, improve utilization of agricultural resources utilization rate and industry productivity effect.
To achieve these goals, implementation of the present invention is, a kind of method of Rape Straw mix biological transformation mushroom, and concrete steps are as follows:
(1) Rape Straw of natural air drying is crushed to 10-20 order size;
(2), by Rape Straw and wood chip or cotton stalk mixed preparing, after wood chip or cotton stalk are air-dry, be crushed to 10-20 order size, Rape Straw: the mass ratio=1-2:1-2 of cotton stalk, Rape Straw: the mass ratio=1-3:1 of wood chip; Fully mix, spray clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, make mixture moisture evenly, moisture is controlled at 55%-65%;
(3) medium preparation with bank up processing: by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip or cotton stalk according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 10%-20%, corn flour 1.5%-3%, sucrose 0.7%-1.5%, land plaster 1%-2%, calcium carbonate 1%-2%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, the 24-48 hour that banks up, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to specification for long * wide=35 cm * 17 cm vinyon dresses, tying;
(4) sterilization and inoculation: the Bag Material that step (3) is installed, be placed under 121 ℃ of hot conditions sterilization sterilizing 2 hours, after its cool to room temperature, under aseptic condition, connect mushroom kind;
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 18-28 ℃ of condition, after mycelium covers with bag, bacterium bag can be piled up according to " well " font, and cover film, straw mat, impel mycelia annesl as early as possible;
(6) urge flower bud to control: step (5) is completed to the bacterium bag of annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 15-18 ℃ of low temperature treatment 1-2 days, 22 ℃ of-26 ℃ of high temperature stimulations are after one week, and small mushroom bud occurs; Temperature remains on 18 ℃-25 ℃; Air humidity remains on 70%-90%, and in canopy, intensity of illumination remains on 400-1000 lx, ventilates in right amount, guarantees that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, treat that young flower bud stretches out; Maintain the temperature at 18 ℃-25 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 75%-95%, 500-1000 l, suitably ventilate, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body;
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
The present invention utilizes the accessory substance rape stalk after rape seed results to substitute or part substitutes traditional section wood raw material, culture base-material as mushroom, improve agricultural by-products resource utilization, saved timber intelligence source, alleviated the contradiction of Edible Fungi Industry Development and forest resources supply and demand.The highest mushroom production of the present invention can reach every bag of average dry weight 75-105 g of mushroom fruiting body.
The present invention is the cultivation material as mushroom by Rape Straw, and carry out reasonably combined with other lignocellulosic material, utilize conversion technology, Rape Straw is changed into mushroom, greatly improved the added value of Rape Straw, enrich edible mushroom and cultivated material resource, promoted industrial chain extension, realized the utilization of resources and Edible Fungi Industry Development doulbe-sides' victory.
Embodiment
Below by example, further illustrate technology contents of the present invention and effect.
Embodiment 1
(1) Rape Straw of natural air drying is crushed to 10-20 order size;
(2), by Rape Straw and wood chip mixed preparing, after wood chip is air-dry, be crushed to 10-20 order size, Rape Straw: the mass ratio=1:1 of wood chip; Fully mix, spray clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, make mixture moisture evenly, moisture is controlled at 55%;
(3) medium preparation and the processing of banking up: the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip, according to gross mass meter, is added to wheat bran 12%, corn flour 2%, sucrose 1.3%, land plaster 1.2%, calcium carbonate 1.2%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 24 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to specification for long * wide=35 cm * 17 cm vinyon dresses, tying;
(4) sterilization and inoculation: the Bag Material that step (3) is installed, be placed under 121 ℃ of hot conditions sterilization sterilizing 2 hours, after its cool to room temperature, under aseptic condition, connect mushroom kind;
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 18 ℃ of conditions, after mycelium covers with bag, bacterium bag can be piled up according to " well " font, and cover film, straw mat etc., by straw mat or film take off lid and the temperature difference round the clock, impel mycelia annesl as early as possible;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 15 ℃ of low temperature treatment 2 days, 22 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 18 ℃; Air humidity remains on 70%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 400 lx, ventilates in right amount, makes to keep compared with pure and fresh air in canopy, guarantees that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 18 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 75%, 500 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 18 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 105 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Embodiment 2, with embodiment 1, different,
(2) mass ratio of Rape Straw: wood chip=2:1 fully mixes, and sprays clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, makes mixture moisture evenly, and moisture is controlled at 56%;
(3) medium preparation and the processing of banking up: the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip, according to gross mass meter, is added to wheat bran 16%, corn flour 2.5%, sucrose 1.0%, land plaster 1.6%, calcium carbonate 1.6%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 30 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to vinyon dress, tying.
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 20 ℃ of conditions;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 15 ℃ of low temperature treatment 1 day, 23 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 19 ℃; Air humidity remains on 73%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 500 lx;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 19 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 78%, 500 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 20 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 89 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Embodiment 3, with embodiment 1, different,
(2) mass ratio of Rape Straw: wood chip=3:1 fully mixes, and sprays clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, makes mixture moisture evenly, and moisture is controlled at 59%;
(3) by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 20%, corn flour 3%, sucrose 0.7%, land plaster 2%, calcium carbonate 2%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 32 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to vinyon dress, tying.The vinyon charging bag specification of using is length * wide=35 cm * 17 cm;
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 25 ℃ of conditions;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 16 ℃ of low temperature treatment 2 days, 26 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 20 ℃; Air humidity remains on 78%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 600 lx;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 20 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 80%, 700 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 23 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 75 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Embodiment 4, with embodiment 1, different,
(2) cotton stalk is crushed to 10-20 order size after air-dry, and Rape Straw: the mass ratio of cotton stalk=1:2 fully mixes, sprays clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, makes mixture moisture evenly, and moisture is controlled at 65%;
(3) by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 10%, corn flour 1.5%, sucrose 1.5%, land plaster 1%, calcium carbonate 1%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 46 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to vinyon dress, tying.
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 27 ℃ of conditions;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 18 ℃ of low temperature treatment 1 day, 26 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 25 ℃; Air humidity remains on 90%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 1000 lx;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 23 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 90%, 800 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 25 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 102 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Embodiment 5, with embodiment 4, different,
(2) Rape Straw: the mass ratio of cotton stalk=1:1 fully mixes, sprays clear water and fully mixes in the time of mixing, make mixture moisture evenly, and moisture is controlled at 64%;
(3) by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 15%, corn flour 2%, sucrose 1.2%, land plaster 1.5%, calcium carbonate 1.5%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 48 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to vinyon dress, tying.
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 28 ℃ of conditions;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 17 ℃ of low temperature treatment 2 days, 25 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 23 ℃; Air humidity remains on 86%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 900 lx;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 25 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 95%, 1000 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 24 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 95 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Embodiment 6, with embodiment 4, different,
(2) Rape Straw: the mass ratio of cotton stalk=2:1 fully mixes, sprays clear water and fully mixes in the time of mixing, make mixture moisture evenly, and moisture is controlled at 63%;
(3) by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 20%, corn flour 2.5%, sucrose 0.9%, land plaster 2%, calcium carbonate 2%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, banks up 38 hours, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to vinyon dress, tying.
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 26 ℃ of conditions;
(6) urge flower bud to control: the bacterium bag that step (5) is completed to annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 17 ℃ of low temperature treatment 1 day, 24 ℃ of high temperature stimulations, in conjunction with stimulations such as the moisture in canopy and illumination, after approximately one week, after this small mushroom bud occurs, keep conventional water, dwindle humidity difference, guarantee that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously; This stage, the most basic control index was: temperature remains on 23 ℃; Air humidity remains on 86%, by adjusting the covering of ceiling, makes intensity of illumination in canopy remain on 900 lx;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, farthest avoid occurring misshapen mushroom, should note not hurting mushroom flower bud, treat that young flower bud stretches out; This stage maintains the temperature at 21 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 87%, 600 lx, suitably ventilates, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body.
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, and mushroom cap edge is still lower volume state but while having outside expansion trend, gathers in time.After one damp mushroom is gathered, the dehydration of bacterium bag is serious, needs moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 23 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
It is 83 g/ bags that this example can be obtained the average dry weight of mushroom fruiting body.
Claims (1)
1. a method for Rape Straw mix biological transformation mushroom, is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) Rape Straw of natural air drying is crushed to 10-20 order size;
(2), by Rape Straw and wood chip or cotton stalk mixed preparing, after wood chip or cotton stalk are air-dry, be crushed to 10-20 order size, Rape Straw: the mass ratio=1-2:1-2 of cotton stalk, Rape Straw: the mass ratio=1-3:1 of wood chip; Fully mix, spray clear water and fully mix in the time of mixing, make mixture moisture evenly, moisture is controlled at 55%-65%;
(3) medium preparation with bank up processing: by the mixed material of the above-mentioned Rape Straw of handling well and wood chip or cotton stalk according to gross mass meter, add wheat bran 10%-20%, corn flour 1.5%-3%, sucrose 0.7%-1.5%, land plaster 1%-2%, calcium carbonate 1%-2%, mixing is mixed thoroughly, the 24-48 hour that banks up, stirs 2-3 time therebetween; Preparation and the medium of banking up are proceeded to specification for length * wide=35cm * 17cm polyethylene plastic bag, tying;
(4) sterilization and inoculation: the Bag Material that step (3) is installed, be placed under 121 ℃ of hot conditions sterilization sterilizing 2 hours, after its cool to room temperature, under aseptic condition, connect mushroom kind;
(5) Mycelium culture: after inoculation, Bag Material is stacked to heat insulating culture under 18-28 ℃ of condition, after mycelium covers with bag, bacterium bag can be piled up according to " well " font, and cover film, straw mat, impel mycelia annesl as early as possible;
(6) urge flower bud to control: step (5) is completed to the bacterium bag of annesl, punching, moisturizing, move into booth, interval 4-6 centimetre of individual layer discharge, 15-18 ℃ of low temperature treatment 1-2 days, 22 ℃ of-26 ℃ of high temperature stimulations are after one week, and small mushroom bud occurs; Temperature remains on 18 ℃-25 ℃; Air humidity remains on 70%-90%, and in canopy, intensity of illumination remains on 400-1000lx, ventilates in right amount, guarantees that mushroom flower bud occurs continuously;
(7) management of producing mushroom: in the place of step (6) fruiting flower bud, with small blade, plastic film is cut to a circular port along mushroom flower bud edge, treat that young flower bud stretches out; Maintain the temperature at 18 ℃-25 ℃, humidity in the illumination of 75%-95%, 500-1000lx, suitably ventilate, more than bacteria cover diameter to two centimetre, to the direct spraying nutritious agent of mushroom body;
(8) mushroom is ripe to very likely, gathers in time; After one damp mushroom is gathered, moisturizing, bacteria; Moisturizing bonnet upper film, controls 18 ℃-25 ℃ of temperature and sends out bacterium, and take a breath 1-2 every day, each 1 hour; Moisturizing suitably imposes the fertilizer of good water solubility simultaneously.
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