CN110800664A - Freshwater mussel culture method - Google Patents
Freshwater mussel culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800664A CN110800664A CN201911169723.3A CN201911169723A CN110800664A CN 110800664 A CN110800664 A CN 110800664A CN 201911169723 A CN201911169723 A CN 201911169723A CN 110800664 A CN110800664 A CN 110800664A
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- pond
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- mussels
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
- A01K61/56—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels for pearl production
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a freshwater mussel culture method, and particularly relates to the technical field of freshwater mussel culture, wherein the freshwater mussel culture method comprises the following steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and the method comprises the following specific steps: the method comprises the following steps: selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and outlet systems; step two: preparing before stocking, and cleaning the pond: the periphery of the pond is provided with an escape-proof net or an escape-proof wall, the center of the pond can be provided with a land area and a spawning area with a certain area, and water is drained 15 days before stocking. According to the invention, by setting reasonable feeding times and feeding time and reasonable water temperature during feeding, the quantity of pearls produced by the freshwater mussels is increased after the pearl is used by a culturist, and through reasonable regular disinfection and daily inspection, the possibility of disease occurrence can be effectively reduced, and the income and the yield of the pearls can be effectively increased.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of freshwater mussel culture, and particularly relates to a freshwater mussel culture method.
Background
Mussels are a general name of animals in the family Unionidae of the phylum mollusca, and are called mussels shells and wry infants in some places, live at the bottom of fresh water lakes, ponds, rivers and the like, and are half buried in silt. The meat can be eaten, and also can be used as bait for fishes and poultry and feed for poultry and livestock, some regions can use fresh water pearl-breeding mussels, and the fresh water pearl-breeding mussels mainly are hyriopsis cumingii and plicated crown mussels, and the water inlet and outlet pipes at the rear end of the mussel body are exposed, so that the water can flow into and out of the external mantle cavity, and can implement the functions of feeding, breathing and discharging excrement and metabolic products, etc., and can filter the micro-organisms and organic matter particles in the feed water, and also can eat small-sized microorganisms.
In the existing pearl-breeding freshwater mussel culture process, the freshwater mussels are mostly cultured according to a common freshwater mussel culture method, and no obvious help is provided for the yield of pearls in the freshwater mussels.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the embodiment of the invention provides the freshwater mussel culture method, the reasonable feeding times and the reasonable putting time are set, the water temperature during putting is also reasonable, the mass production of pearls produced by the freshwater mussels is increased after the freshwater mussels are used by a culturist, the possibility of disease occurrence can be effectively reduced through reasonable periodic disinfection and daily inspection, and the income and the yield of the pearls can be effectively increased.
In order to achieve the above object, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions: a method for culturing freshwater mussels comprises the steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pond selection
Selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and discharge systems;
step two: preparation before stocking
Cleaning the pond: arranging escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the pond, arranging land and spawning areas with certain areas in the center of the pond, draining water 15 days before stocking, and sprinkling chlorine dioxide 3.75kg/hm2 to the whole pond for disinfection;
water injection and fertilization: 3-5 days before the seedlings are put into the pond, applying 3.0-4.5t/hm2 of decomposed manure as a base fertilizer, and adding the pond water to a depth of about 30 cm;
step three: seedling selection
Selecting strong and regular seedlings without injury, and selecting seedlings with weight of more than 100 g;
step four: stocking seedlings
Before putting, disinfecting the freshwater mussels, soaking the freshwater mussels for 5-10min by using 4% -5% saline solution, wherein the freshwater mussels are put in a pond at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 1-3 h according to the ratio of male and female of 50 mussels per square meter when the freshwater mussels are put in the pond according to the ratio of 1: 2;
step five: feeding fodder
Feeding fodder
Feeding for 1-3 times regularly every day, wherein powdery feed is used as main material, freshwater mussel feed is gradually added, and animal internal organs leftovers are used as main material for feed in the middle and later periods of cultivation;
step six: daily management
Water quality management: the transparency of the pond water is kept at 20-25cm, and the pH value is neutral or weakly acidic;
applying decomposed and fermented chicken and duck organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage is 750-1050kg/hm each time;
changing water for 1 time every 4-5 days, wherein the daily exchange capacity reaches 10%;
the pond is patrolled every day, and residual feed is removed;
step seven: disease control
In 6-9 months every year, dibromine hydantoin is sprinkled every 15 days, the water surface dosage is 750-900g/hm2 when the water depth is 1m, and the pH value of river water is measured regularly.
Step eight: pearl cultivation
The pearl can be collected after the freshwater mussel is cultivated for one year.
Further, in the second step, a fixed feeding table can be arranged in the pond and used for feeding the freshwater mussels.
Further, in the fourth step, a small amount of fish can be thrown while the freshwater mussels are thrown, wherein the fish is one or more of grass carp, bream, crucian carp, mandarin fish, pseudobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp, mixed culture of the freshwater mussels and the fish is carried out to increase water body nutrients and promote the freshwater mussels to breed pearls, and the ratio of the freshwater mussels to the fish is 3: 1.
Further, in the fifth step, the feed fed by the feeding device further comprises plankton and phytoplankton, wherein the plankton is one or more of rotifer, flagellate and euglena, and the phytoplankton is one or more of chlorella, scenedesmus, dinoflagellate, quadrangle algae and fusiform diatom.
The embodiment of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, by setting reasonable feeding times and feeding time and reasonable water temperature during feeding, the quantity of pearls produced by the freshwater mussels is increased after the pearl is used by a culturist, and through reasonable regular disinfection and daily inspection, the possibility of disease occurrence can be effectively reduced, and the income and the yield of the pearls can be effectively increased;
2. a small amount of fishes are cultured in the pond, so that the growth of the freshwater mussels can be promoted, and the culture income can be improved.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1:
the freshwater mussel culturing method comprises the steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pond selection
Selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and discharge systems;
step two: preparation before stocking
Cleaning the pond: arranging escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the pond, arranging land and spawning areas with certain areas in the center of the pond, draining water 15 days before stocking, and sprinkling chlorine dioxide 3.75kg/hm2 to the whole pond for disinfection;
water injection and fertilization: 3-5 days before the seedlings are put into the pond, applying 3.0-4.5t/hm2 of decomposed manure as a base fertilizer, and adding the pond water to a depth of about 30 cm;
step three: seedling selection
Selecting strong and regular seedlings without injury, and selecting seedlings with weight of more than 100 g;
step four: stocking seedlings
Before putting, the freshwater mussels are disinfected and soaked in 4% -5% saline solution for 5-10min, 50 freshwater mussels are put in the pond according to the proportion of 1:2 of male and female parts per square meter, and the putting time is set to be 1 hour when the water temperature of the pond is 20 ℃;
step five: feeding fodder
Feeding fodder
Feeding for 1 time regularly every day, wherein powdery feed is taken as the main material, adult freshwater mussel feed is gradually added, and the feed in the middle and later culture periods is mainly animal internal organ leftovers;
step six: daily management
Water quality management: the transparency of the pond water is kept at 20-25cm, and the pH value is neutral or weakly acidic;
applying decomposed and fermented chicken and duck organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage is 750-1050kg/hm each time;
changing water for 1 time every 4-5 days, wherein the daily exchange capacity reaches 10%;
the pond is patrolled every day, and residual feed is removed;
step seven: disease control
In 6-9 months every year, dibromine hydantoin is sprinkled every 15 days, the water surface dosage is 750-900g/hm2 when the water depth is 1m, and the pH value of river water is measured regularly.
Step eight: pearl cultivation
The pearl can be collected after the freshwater mussel is cultivated for one year.
Further, in the second step, a fixed feeding table can be arranged in the pond and used for feeding the freshwater mussels.
Further, in the fourth step, a small amount of fish can be thrown while the freshwater mussels are thrown, wherein the fish is one or more of grass carp, bream, crucian carp, mandarin fish, pseudobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp, mixed culture of the freshwater mussels and the fish is carried out to increase water body nutrients and promote the freshwater mussels to breed pearls, and the ratio of the freshwater mussels to the fish is 3: 1.
Further, in the fifth step, the feed fed by the feeding device further comprises plankton and phytoplankton, wherein the plankton is one or more of rotifer, flagellate and euglena, and the phytoplankton is one or more of chlorella, scenedesmus, dinoflagellate, quadrangle algae and fusiform diatom.
Example 2:
the freshwater mussel culturing method comprises the steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pond selection
Selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and discharge systems;
step two: preparation before stocking
Cleaning the pond: arranging escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the pond, arranging land and spawning areas with certain areas in the center of the pond, draining water 15 days before stocking, and sprinkling chlorine dioxide 3.75kg/hm2 to the whole pond for disinfection;
water injection and fertilization: 3-5 days before the seedlings are put into the pond, applying 3.0-4.5t/hm2 of decomposed manure as a base fertilizer, and adding the pond water to a depth of about 30 cm;
step three: seedling selection
Selecting strong and regular seedlings without injury, and selecting seedlings with weight of more than 100 g;
step four: stocking seedlings
Before putting, the freshwater mussels are disinfected and soaked in 4% -5% saline solution for 5-10min, 50 freshwater mussels are put in the pond according to the proportion of 1:2 of male and female parts per square meter, and the putting time is set to be 2 hours when the water temperature of the pond is 25 ℃;
step five: feeding fodder
Feeding fodder
Feeding for 2 times every day regularly, wherein powdery feed is used as main material, adult freshwater mussel feed is gradually added, and the feed in the middle and later period of cultivation is mainly animal viscera leftovers;
step six: daily management
Water quality management: the transparency of the pond water is kept at 20-25cm, and the pH value is neutral or weakly acidic;
applying decomposed and fermented chicken and duck organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage is 750-1050kg/hm each time;
changing water for 1 time every 4-5 days, wherein the daily exchange capacity reaches 10%;
the pond is patrolled every day, and residual feed is removed;
step seven: disease control
In 6-9 months every year, dibromine hydantoin is sprinkled every 15 days, the water surface dosage is 750-900g/hm2 when the water depth is 1m, and the pH value of river water is measured regularly.
Step eight: pearl cultivation
The pearl can be collected after the freshwater mussel is cultivated for one year.
Further, in the second step, a fixed feeding table can be arranged in the pond and used for feeding the freshwater mussels.
Further, in the fourth step, a small amount of fish can be thrown while the freshwater mussels are thrown, wherein the fish is one or more of grass carp, bream, crucian carp, mandarin fish, pseudobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp, mixed culture of the freshwater mussels and the fish is carried out to increase water body nutrients and promote the freshwater mussels to breed pearls, and the ratio of the freshwater mussels to the fish is 3: 1.
Further, in the fifth step, the feed fed by the feeding device further comprises plankton and phytoplankton, wherein the plankton is one or more of rotifer, flagellate and euglena, and the phytoplankton is one or more of chlorella, scenedesmus, dinoflagellate, quadrangle algae and fusiform diatom.
Example 3:
the freshwater mussel culturing method comprises the steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pond selection
Selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and discharge systems;
step two: preparation before stocking
Cleaning the pond: arranging escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the pond, arranging land and spawning areas with certain areas in the center of the pond, draining water 15 days before stocking, and sprinkling chlorine dioxide 3.75kg/hm2 to the whole pond for disinfection;
water injection and fertilization: 3-5 days before the seedlings are put into the pond, applying 3.0-4.5t/hm2 of decomposed manure as a base fertilizer, and adding the pond water to a depth of about 30 cm;
step three: seedling selection
Selecting strong and regular seedlings without injury, and selecting seedlings with weight of more than 100 g;
step four: stocking seedlings
Before putting, the freshwater mussels are disinfected and soaked in 4% -5% saline solution for 5-10min, 50 freshwater mussels are put in the pond according to the proportion of 1:2 of male and female parts per square meter, and the putting time is set to be 3 hours when the water temperature of the pond is 30 ℃;
step five: feeding fodder
Feeding fodder
Feeding for 3 times regularly every day, wherein powdery feed is used as main material, adult freshwater mussel feed is gradually added, and the feed in the middle and later period of cultivation is mainly animal viscera leftovers;
step six: daily management
Water quality management: the transparency of the pond water is kept at 20-25cm, and the pH value is neutral or weakly acidic;
applying decomposed and fermented chicken and duck organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage is 750-1050kg/hm each time;
changing water for 1 time every 4-5 days, wherein the daily exchange capacity reaches 10%;
the pond is patrolled every day, and residual feed is removed;
step seven: disease control
In 6-9 months every year, dibromine hydantoin is sprinkled every 15 days, the water surface dosage is 750-900g/hm2 when the water depth is 1m, and the pH value of river water is measured regularly.
Step eight: pearl cultivation
The pearl can be collected after the freshwater mussel is cultivated for one year.
Further, in the second step, a fixed feeding table can be arranged in the pond and used for feeding the freshwater mussels.
Further, in the fourth step, a small amount of fish can be thrown while the freshwater mussels are thrown, wherein the fish is one or more of grass carp, bream, crucian carp, mandarin fish, pseudobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp, mixed culture of the freshwater mussels and the fish is carried out to increase water body nutrients and promote the freshwater mussels to breed pearls, and the ratio of the freshwater mussels to the fish is 3: 1.
Further, in the fifth step, the feed fed by the feeding device further comprises plankton and phytoplankton, wherein the plankton is one or more of rotifer, flagellate and euglena, and the phytoplankton is one or more of chlorella, scenedesmus, dinoflagellate, quadrangle algae and fusiform diatom.
The breeding methods in the three ponds are adopted to breed the mussels in the three ponds respectively in the breeding methods in the embodiments 1 to 3, the breeding methods in the three embodiments are tried to breed in three groups respectively, and fishing and pearl picking are carried out after one year of breeding to obtain the following numbers
As can be seen from the table above, the feeding times and the putting time are reasonable in the embodiment 2, the water temperature during putting is also reasonable, after the pearl is used by a farmer, the quantity of the pearls produced by the freshwater mussels is increased, the possibility of disease occurrence can be effectively reduced through reasonable regular disinfection and daily inspection, and the income and the yield of the pearls can be effectively increased.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. A freshwater mussel culture method is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the steps of pond selection, preparation before stocking, seedling selection, seedling stocking, feed feeding, daily management, disease control, pearl culture and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: pond selection
Selecting a pond with sufficient water source, good water quality, no industrial and agricultural wastewater pollution around and perfect water inlet and discharge systems;
step two: preparation before stocking
Cleaning the pond: arranging escape-proof nets or escape-proof walls around the pond, arranging land and spawning areas with certain areas in the center of the pond, draining water 15 days before stocking, and sprinkling chlorine dioxide 3.75kg/hm2 to the whole pond for disinfection;
water injection and fertilization: 3-5 days before the seedlings are put into the pond, applying 3.0-4.5t/hm2 of decomposed manure as a base fertilizer, and adding the pond water to a depth of about 30 cm;
step three: seedling selection
Selecting strong and regular seedlings without injury, and selecting seedlings with weight of more than 100 g;
step four: stocking seedlings
Before putting, disinfecting the freshwater mussels, soaking the freshwater mussels for 5-10min by using 4% -5% saline solution, wherein the freshwater mussels are put in a pond at the temperature of 20-30 ℃ for 1-3 h according to the ratio of male and female of 50 mussels per square meter when the freshwater mussels are put in the pond according to the ratio of 1: 2;
step five: feeding fodder
Feeding fodder
Feeding for 1-3 times regularly every day, wherein powdery feed is used as main material, freshwater mussel feed is gradually added, and animal internal organs leftovers are used as main material for feed in the middle and later periods of cultivation;
step six: daily management
Water quality management: the transparency of the pond water is kept at 20-25cm, and the pH value is neutral or weakly acidic;
applying decomposed and fermented chicken and duck organic fertilizer, wherein the dosage is 750-1050kg/hm each time;
changing water for 1 time every 4-5 days, wherein the daily exchange capacity reaches 10%;
the pond is patrolled every day, and residual feed is removed;
step seven: disease control
In 6-9 months every year, dibromine hydantoin is sprinkled every 15 days, the water surface dosage is 750-900g/hm2 when the water depth is 1m, and the pH value of river water is measured regularly.
Step eight: pearl cultivation
The pearl can be collected after the freshwater mussel is cultivated for one year.
2. The method for culturing freshwater mussels according to claim 1, wherein: in the second step, a fixed feeding table can be arranged in the pond and used for feeding the freshwater mussels.
3. The method for culturing freshwater mussels according to claim 1, wherein: in the fourth step, a small amount of fish which is one or more of grass carp, bream, crucian carp, mandarin fish, pelteobagrus fulvidraco and silver carp can be thrown in the freshwater mussel, so that the freshwater mussel and the fish can be mixed for culture, the water body nutrient is increased, and the pearl culture of the freshwater mussel is promoted, wherein the proportion of the freshwater mussel to the fish is 3: 1.
4. The method for culturing freshwater mussels according to claim 1, wherein: in the fifth step, the feed fed by the feeding device further comprises plankton and phytoplankton, wherein the plankton is one or more of rotifer, flagellate and green euglena, and the phytoplankton is one or more of green granular algae, scenedesmus, dinoflagellate, quadrangle algae and fusiform diatom.
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| CN201911169723.3A CN110800664A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Freshwater mussel culture method |
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| CN201911169723.3A CN110800664A (en) | 2019-11-26 | 2019-11-26 | Freshwater mussel culture method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112471015A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 安徽水韵环保股份有限公司 | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana |
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2019
- 2019-11-26 CN CN201911169723.3A patent/CN110800664A/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112471015A (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 安徽水韵环保股份有限公司 | Large-scale breeding method of clam-shaped anodonta woodiana |
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