CN110800569A - Snakegourd fruit planting method - Google Patents
Snakegourd fruit planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110800569A CN110800569A CN201911235327.6A CN201911235327A CN110800569A CN 110800569 A CN110800569 A CN 110800569A CN 201911235327 A CN201911235327 A CN 201911235327A CN 110800569 A CN110800569 A CN 110800569A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D3/00—Calcareous fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a snakegourd fruit planting method, which comprises the following steps: s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 3-5 parts of additive and 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer; s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 3-4 years old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 4-6cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly with water, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the seedling height is 10-12 cm; s3, topdressing: and when the height of the seedling is 35-45cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines. The snakegourd fruit planted by the method is rich in nutrition, high in medicinal component, good in quality and free of pesticide residue.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of snakegourd fruit planting, in particular to a snakegourd fruit planting method.
Background
The snakegourd fruit is named as Tian Xue, balsam pear, mountain gold gourd fruit, medicinal melon peel and the like, and is a cucurbitaceae plant. The snakegourd fruit is a common Chinese medicinal material and can be used as both medicine and food, and the medicine part of the medicine used as both medicine and food is four parts, namely whole fruit, root block (snakegourd root), snakegourd peel and snakegourd seed. The fructus trichosanthis can clear heat, dissipate stagnation, moisten lung, resolve phlegm, smooth intestine and relieve constipation; the snakegourd peel can clear away lung-heat, resolve phlegm, relieve chest stuffiness and promote qi circulation, and a snakegourd peel injection and a snakegourd peel Chinese patent medicine series are developed at present; the trichosanthes root (trichosanthes root) can reduce blood fat, prevent arteriosclerosis, promote cell growth, prevent anemia and resist radiation, can improve human immunity after being eaten frequently, and has good effect on induction of labor in middle-term pregnancy, dead fetus and overdue abortion in clinical application, safety and reliability; semen Trichosanthis has effects of moistening, replenishing breast milk, nourishing and caring skin, invigorating stomach and moistening lung, loosening bowel to relieve constipation, promoting blood pressure, relieving chest stuffiness, tranquilizing mind, resisting bacteria, strengthening body constitution, and inhibiting proliferation of in vitro choriocarcinoma cell and HIV.
The main production of snakegourd fruit is distributed in Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Sichuan and Jiangsu provinces, and is cultivated in most areas of China. The snakegourd fruit is suitable for sporadic planting and can be planted in slices, the market demand is large, the economic benefit is good, and the development potential is extremely high.
At present, artificial planting of snakegourd fruit is still in the starting stage in China, the quality of the obtained snakegourd fruit is not high, the contents of nutrient components and medicinal components are low, and in the planting process, a large amount of pesticides are used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, pesticide residues can be caused, the quality of the snakegourd fruit is further influenced, and the use of the medicinal snakegourd fruit is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the technical problems in the background art, the invention provides the trichosanthes kirilowii planting method, and the trichosanthes kirilowii planted by the method is rich in nutrition, high in medicinal components, good in quality and free of pesticide residue.
The invention provides a snakegourd fruit planting method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 3-5 parts of additive and 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 3-4 years old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 4-6cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly with water, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the seedling height is 10-12 cm;
s3, topdressing: and when the height of the seedling is 35-45cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines.
Preferably, in S1, in the preparation process of the inorganic fertilizer, copper sulfate, iron sulfate, and calcium chloride are mixed and granulated, and then coated with gelatin to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of copper sulfate, iron sulfate, and calcium chloride is 1: 1: 2-4.
Preferably, in S1, the additive is camellia seed cake extract, allicin, and amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of camellia seed cake extract, allicin, and amino-oligosaccharin is 3-5: 1: 1.
preferably, in S2, the culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of EM bacterial liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of gibberellin and 200 parts of water.
Preferably, in S1, the dosage of the base fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S1, the planting land is sandy loam with a deep soil layer and a loose texture.
Preferably, in S1, the depth of the deep ploughing is 40-45 cm.
Preferably, in S1, the ridge has a width of 0.4-0.45m and a height of 15-20 cm.
Preferably, in S1, the ridge distance is 0.8 to 1 m.
Preferably, in S2, the number ratio of female plant root tuber to male plant root tuber in the snakegourd root tuber is 7-8: 1.
preferably, in S2, the distance between the pockets is 40-45 cm.
Preferably, in S3, the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1-2 parts of calcium sulfate.
Preferably, in S3, the dosage of the compound fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu.
Preferably, in S3, only 1-2 main vines are kept on the shelf per cave.
Preferably, weeding and loosening the soil are carried out 3-4 times in 5-9 months per year.
Preferably, in drought, watering is needed in time.
According to the method, sandy loam with deep soil layers and loose texture is selected as soil for growth of the snakegourd fruit, so that the growth of a root system of the snakegourd fruit is facilitated; the growth depth of the root system of snakegourd fruit is deeper, so that the proper deep ploughing depth is set, and the growth of the root system of snakegourd fruit can be promoted; during deep ploughing, base fertilizer is applied to increase soil nutrients and further promote root growth, so that healthy growth of snakegourd fruit is promoted; by applying the base fertilizer, the content of copper, iron and calcium elements in soil is properly improved, so that the absorption of the snakegourd fruit on the copper, iron and calcium elements is promoted, the absorption of the snakegourd fruit on other trace elements can be synergistically promoted, the content of medicinal components and nutritional components of the snakegourd fruit can be improved, and the quality of the snakegourd fruit is improved; copper, iron and calcium are matched with the camellia seed cake extract, the allicin and the amino-oligosaccharin, so that the disease resistance and insect resistance of the snakegourd fruit can be improved, the quality of the snakegourd fruit is further improved, and the allicin and the amino-oligosaccharin are compounded, so that the bacteriostatic spectrum is narrow, the pertinence is strong, the growth of beneficial bacteria cannot be inhibited, and the camellia seed cake extract has good insect resistance; copper sulfate, ferric sulfate and calcium chloride are coated by gelatin, so that a slow release effect is achieved, and the gelatin is degradable and does not pollute the environment; the camellia seed cake extract, the allicin and the amino-oligosaccharin can be biodegraded without residue, so that the quality of the snakegourd fruit is prevented from being influenced; adjusting the ridge distance and the hole distance, and controlling the number of main vines on the rack in each hole, so that the vines of the snakegourd fruits are uniformly distributed, and the growth of the snakegourd fruits is further promoted; spraying nutrient solution on the surface of the snakegourd root tuber nipple, wherein urea, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium sulfate and sodium humate are matched with each other to provide nutrient for the root tuber, and EM bacterial solution and gibberellin are matched with each other to promote the root tuber to germinate and inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria; the additional fertilizer can promote the further growth of the snakegourd fruit; according to the method, the snakegourd fruit planted by the appropriate planting method is rich in nutrition, high in medicinal components and good in quality and has no pesticide residue by combining with an appropriate fertilizer.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
Example 1
A method for planting snakegourd fruits comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 3 parts of additive and 15 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
in the preparation process of the inorganic fertilizer, copper sulfate, ferric sulfate and calcium chloride are uniformly mixed and granulated, and then gelatin is coated to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the copper sulfate to the ferric sulfate to the calcium chloride is 1: 1: 2;
the additive is camellia seed cake extract, allicin and amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed cake extract to the allicin to the amino-oligosaccharin is 5: 1: 1;
the using amount of the base fertilizer is 3000 kg/mu, the planting land is sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose texture, the depth of deep ploughing is 45cm, the width of a furrow is 0.4m, the height of the furrow is 20cm, and the furrow distance is 0.8 m;
s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 4-year-old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 4cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the height of seedlings is 12 cm;
wherein the culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1 part of urea, 4 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1 part of potassium sulfate, 3 parts of sodium humate, 1 part of EM bacterial liquid, 0.6 part of gibberellin and 100 parts of water;
in the snakegourd fruit tuberous root, the number ratio of female plant tuberous root to male plant tuberous root is 8: 1; the distance between the holes is 40 cm;
s3, topdressing: when the height of the seedling is 45cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2 parts of urea, 15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1 part of calcium sulfate;
the compound fertilizer has the dosage of 2000 kg/mu, only 1 main vine is left in each hole and put on the shelf, weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 3 times in 5-9 months each year, and watering is needed in time during drought.
Example 2
A method for planting snakegourd fruits comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 5 parts of additive and 10 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
in the preparation process of the inorganic fertilizer, copper sulfate, ferric sulfate and calcium chloride are uniformly mixed and granulated, and then gelatin is coated to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the copper sulfate to the ferric sulfate to the calcium chloride is 1: 1: 4;
the additive is camellia seed cake extract, allicin and amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed cake extract to the allicin to the amino-oligosaccharin is 3: 1: 1;
the using amount of the base fertilizer is 4000 kg/mu, the planting land is sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose texture, the depth of deep ploughing is 40cm, the width of a furrow is 0.45m, the height of the furrow is 15cm, and the furrow distance is 1 m;
s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 3-year-old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 6cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the height of seedlings is 10 cm;
wherein the culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2 parts of urea, 2 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 2 parts of potassium sulfate, 1 part of sodium humate, 2 parts of EM bacterial liquid, 0.4 part of gibberellin and 200 parts of water;
in the snakegourd fruit tuberous root, the number ratio of female plant tuberous root to male plant tuberous root is 7: 1; the distance between the holes is 45 cm;
s3, topdressing: when the height of the seedling is 35cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 5 parts of urea, 10 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2 parts of calcium sulfate;
the compound fertilizer has the dosage of 1500 kg/mu, only 2 main vines are left in each hole and put on the shelf, weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 4 times in 5-9 months each year, and watering is needed in time during drought.
Example 3
A method for planting snakegourd fruits comprises the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 4 parts of additive and 12 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
in the preparation process of the inorganic fertilizer, copper sulfate, ferric sulfate and calcium chloride are uniformly mixed and granulated, and then gelatin is coated to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the copper sulfate to the ferric sulfate to the calcium chloride is 1: 1: 3;
the additive is camellia seed cake extract, allicin and amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed cake extract to the allicin to the amino-oligosaccharin is 4: 1: 1;
the using amount of the base fertilizer is 3500 kg/mu, the planting land is sandy loam with deep soil layer and loose texture, the depth of deep ploughing is 42cm, the width of the ridge is 0.42m, the height of the ridge is 17cm, and the ridge distance is 0.9 m;
s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 3-year-old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 5cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the height of seedlings is 11 cm;
wherein the culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1.5 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1.5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2 parts of sodium humate, 1.5 parts of EM bacterial liquid, 0.5 part of gibberellin and 150 parts of water;
in the snakegourd fruit tuberous root, the number ratio of female plant tuberous root to male plant tuberous root is 7.5: 1; the distance between the holes is 42 cm;
s3, topdressing: when the height of the seedling is 40cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines;
the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 3 parts of urea, 12 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1.5 parts of calcium sulfate;
the compound fertilizer is used in 1700 kg/mu, only 1 main vine is left in each hole and put on the shelf, weeding and soil loosening are carried out for 3 times in 5-9 months each year, and watering is needed in time during drought.
Comparative example
And (4) planting the snakegourd fruit on the same piece of land without adding a base fertilizer, a nutrient solution or applying a compound fertilizer in the same way as in the example 3.
The trichosanthes seeds obtained in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example were examined and the results are shown in the following table:
the table shows that the snakegourd fruit obtained by the invention has good quality, rich nutrition and high content of medicinal components such as 3, 29-dibenzoyl melon betel nut triol.
The trichosanthes kirilowii maxim yields and the infection rates of the trichosanthes kirilowii maxim in the examples 1 to 3 and the comparative example were counted, and the results are shown in the following table:
composition (I) | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example |
First year fresh fruit yield | 651 kg/mu | 663 kg/mu | 667 kg/mu | 581 kg/mu |
The first year infection rate% | 10 | 10 | 8 | 29 |
The disease resistance of the snakegourd fruit obtained by the invention is high, and the yield is high.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The method for planting the snakegourd fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, soil preparation: adding a base fertilizer into planting land, deep ploughing and ridging, wherein the base fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 500 parts of organic decomposed fertilizer, 3-5 parts of additive and 10-15 parts of inorganic fertilizer;
s2, root-dividing seedling culture: cutting 3-4 years old snakegourd root tuber into short sections with the length of 4-6cm, selecting the short sections with white and fresh sections, spraying nutrient solution, airing, opening holes in ridge soil for planting, watering thoroughly with water, covering with mulching films for culturing, and thinning and replanting when the seedling height is 10-12 cm;
s3, topdressing: and when the height of the seedling is 35-45cm, dressing the compound fertilizer, and building a frame to guide vines.
2. The trichosanthes planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that in S1, in the preparation process of an inorganic fertilizer, copper sulfate, ferric sulfate and calcium chloride are uniformly mixed and granulated, and then gelatin is coated to obtain the inorganic fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the copper sulfate to the ferric sulfate to the calcium chloride is 1: 1: 2-4.
3. The snakegourd fruit planting method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in S1, the additive is camellia seed cake extract, allicin and amino-oligosaccharin, wherein the weight ratio of the camellia seed cake extract to the allicin to the amino-oligosaccharin is 3-5: 1: 1.
4. a snakegourd fruit planting method according to any one of claims 1-3, wherein in S2, the culture solution comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-2 parts of urea, 2-4 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 1-2 parts of potassium sulfate, 1-3 parts of sodium humate, 1-2 parts of EM bacterial liquid, 0.4-0.6 part of gibberellin and 200 parts of water.
5. The trichosanthes planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in S1, the amount of the base fertilizer is 3000-4000 kg/mu; preferably, in S1, the planting land is sandy loam with a deep soil layer and a loose texture.
6. The snakegourd planting method according to any one of claims 1-5, wherein in S1, the depth of deep ploughing is 40-45 cm; preferably, in S1, the width of the ridge is 0.4-0.45m, and the height is 15-20 cm; preferably, in S1, the ridge distance is 0.8 to 1 m.
7. A trichosanthes planting method according to any one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in S2, the number ratio of female plant root tuber to male plant root tuber in the trichosanthes root tuber is 7-8: 1; preferably, in S2, the distance between the pockets is 40-45 cm.
8. The snakegourd planting method according to any one of claims 1-7, wherein in S3, the raw materials of the compound fertilizer comprise, in parts by weight: 500 parts of decomposed organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 1-2 parts of calcium sulfate.
9. The trichosanthes planting method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that in S3, the amount of the compound fertilizer is 1500-2000 kg/mu; preferably, in S3, only 1-2 main vines are kept on the shelf per cave.
10. The snakegourd fruit planting method according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein weeding and loosening the soil are performed 3-4 times in 5-9 months per year; preferably, in drought, watering is needed in time.
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Application publication date: 20200218 |