CN110774697A - 一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料及其制备方法,其为三层一体式结构,从上至下依次为表层面料、芯层透汽膜和里层面料;表层为单面毛巾结构吸湿发热的摇粒绒面料,由涤纶低弹丝构成的地组织上织有由混纺纱构成的绒毛层,该混纺纱由超细涤纶和发热粘胶制备;里层为抗菌网眼针织布,其由涤纶纱、含有纳米银或抗菌金属氧化物的涤纶抗菌纱和弹性氨纶制备;里层面料将体表的湿气吸收并传导到表层面料,表层面料将湿气转化为热能,热能经芯层透汽膜缓慢传导至里层面料,从而实现复合面料持续吸湿放热的良性循环,本发明促进了人体微环境的稳定,使得穿戴者始终保持温暖、干爽、舒适的穿着体验,保证了面料穿戴时的舒适性、透湿性以及抗菌性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及服装面料技术领域,尤其是一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着国民生活水平的提高,人们对生活品质的要求渐增,其中包括对功能性纺织品的需求、面料舒适性的要求也越来越高。为满足市场需求,纺织行业有越来越多的功能纺织品被开发出来,如冷感吸湿快干面料、抗菌面料、透汽拒水面料、保暖发热面料等。
现有技术中,发热保暖面料的开发主要集中在如何提升纤维的保暖性能上。吸湿发热纤维具有吸收空气中水分子的同时发出热量达到发热保暖的功能,是一种具有很大潜力的材料,但是,吸湿发热纤维的制备成本很高。
另一方面,随着人们对健康的重视,对面料的杀菌、抑菌提出要求,以增加一道抵制病菌的防线,尤其是对于专业户外运动功能类面料,户外活动容易出汗并使织物上附着细菌,为保持人体皮肤的健康和维持微环境的稳定,在对面料实用性和舒适性的要求的同时还需要具有抗菌功能。现有面料往往是在表层涂上一层抗菌剂,所带来的抗菌效果并不持久,尤其是在水洗之后,抗菌效果大大降低甚至失效,无法满足人民对面料抗菌性能的需求。
发明内容
本申请人针对上述现有生产技术中的缺点,提供一种结构合理的抗菌吸湿发热复合面料及其制备方法,从而保证面料具有良好保暖效果的同时,亦保证了其舒适性、透湿性以及抗菌性能,以维持人体微环境的稳定,在提升面料档次的同时大大降低了其生产成本。
本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,所述复合面料为三层一体式结构,从上至下依次包括表层面料、芯层透汽膜和里层面料,所述表层面料为吸湿发热的摇粒绒面料,所述里层面料为抗菌网眼针织布。
作为上述技术方案的进一步改进:
所述摇粒绒面料为单面毛巾结构,包括由涤纶低弹丝构成的地组织,地组织上织有由混纺纱构成的绒毛层,所述混纺纱由超细涤纶和发热粘胶制备;所述发热粘胶为吸湿发热纤维;所述绒毛层的厚度为0.5mm-1mm。
所述摇粒绒面料按重量成分,包括:超细涤纶30-60份,发热粘胶20-30份,涤纶低弹丝30-40份。
所述抗菌网眼针织布由涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱和弹性氨纶制备;所述涤纶抗菌纱为含有纳米银或抗菌金属氧化物的涤纶纱线。
所述抗菌网眼针织布按重量成分,包括:涤纶纱83-93份,涤纶抗菌纱2-5份,弹性氨纶5-12份。
所述抗菌网眼针织布的网眼均匀分布,其分布密度为:经向每英寸网眼数量为10-13个,纬向每英寸网眼数量为9-12个;所述抗菌网眼针织布的网眼为圆点状结构,网眼直径为0.4-0.6mm。
所述芯层透汽膜为纳米微多孔结构的TPU低透膜,所述芯层透汽膜的厚度为0.01-0.1mm。
所述表层面料、芯层透汽膜和里层面料经顺序热压工艺形成层级结构的复合面料。
一种所述的抗菌吸湿发热复合面料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:准备表层面料的织造原料,由超细涤纶及发热粘胶混合制备的混纺纱,和涤纶低弹丝;
第二步:以涤纶低弹丝作为地组织,将混纺纱在涤纶低弹丝上纬编针织绒毛层,制得表层面料的坯布;
第三步:将第二步中表层面料的坯布下机并放入缸内染色,得到表层面料的染色坯布;
第四步:将第三步中表层面料的染色坯布中加入起毛剂,并进行烘干预定型;预定型温度为170℃-180℃,通过轧车对该染色坯布进行起毛柔软整理;
第五步:将第四步中的表层面料进行刷毛、剪毛,剪毛长度为2-4mm;并对表层绒毛层进行摇粒处理,使得摇粒工序后绒毛层的厚度为0.5-1mm,得到摇粒绒面料;
第六步:准备里层面料的织造原料,涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶;
第七步:将第六步中的涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶进行纬编针织,得到抗菌网眼针织布,即里层面料的坯布;
第八步:将第七步中里层面料的坯布进行热定型,热定型温度为205℃,机速15Y/min;
第九步:将第八步中的里层面料下机并放入缸内染色,得到里层面料的染色坯布;
第十步:准备TPU低透膜作为芯层透汽膜;
第十一步:将第五步中的表层面料贴合至芯层透汽膜的一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速20m/min工况下贴合并放置10-12小时;
第十二步:将第九步中的里层面料贴合至芯层透汽膜的另一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速25m/min工况下贴合,即得到三层结构的复合面料。
第三步中,表层面料的坯布的染色,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:缸内加除油剂,以1℃/min的速率升温至90℃,前处理45min;
步骤二:在步骤一的前处理之后,缸内加高温匀染剂、螯合分散剂、冰醋酸、染料成分,以1℃/min的速率升温至130℃,染色约120min;
步骤三:在步骤二的染色之后,以1℃/min的速率降温至90℃,保温20min;接着继续降温至60℃;
步骤四:加皂洗剂,皂洗20min;
步骤五:将经步骤四处理的表层面料换入清水中,洗20min;
步骤六:将步骤五中的表层面料出缸,并依次经脱水、剖布及烘干,得到染色完成的表层面料;
第九步中里层面料的坯布的染色与表层面料的坯布的染色步骤相同。
本发明的有益效果如下:
本发明结构紧凑、合理,通过将里层面料设计为网眼针织布结构,在兼顾亲肤性的同时又相比传统的平布类组织以更快的速率将体表的湿气吸收并传导到表层面料;而表层面料为吸湿发热的摇粒绒面料,其将吸附的湿气转化为热能,且表层的绒毛层结构使得水分子与吸湿发热纤维的有效接触面积更大,实现更好的吸湿发热效果;表层面料转化的热能经芯层透汽膜缓慢传导至里层面料,从而实现复合面料持续吸湿放热的良性循环,促使人体微环境的稳定,使得穿戴者始终保持温暖、干爽、舒适的穿着体验,实用性强,用户体验感好。
本发明还包括如下优点:
将吸湿发热纤维作为发热粘胶与超细涤纶一起制备成混纺纱,并将混纺纱编织至地组织构成单面毛巾结构的表层面料,即将成本较高的吸湿发热纤维与超细涤纶、涤纶低弹丝结合构成复合的表层面料,有效使用了吸湿发热纤维吸收空气中水分子的同时发出热量达到发热保暖的功能,在保证发热保暖的同时达到降低成本的目的;
表层面料上的绒毛层还能够保留更多的静止空气,使得面料的保暖效果更好;
芯层透汽膜采用纳米微多孔结构的TPU低透膜,其能使水分子从里层至外层单向通过,并有效阻止外部水分进入里层,以保障里层干燥舒适的环境,芯层透汽膜防水防湿的同时兼具透气性;
里层面料中的涤纶抗菌纱为含有纳米银或是含有抗菌金属氧化物的涤纶纱线,使得复合面料具有永久的抗菌、抑菌功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的工作原理图。
图3为本发明里层面料的编织工艺图。
图4为本发明里层面料编织时的织针排列示意图。
图5为本发明里层面料编织时织针的三角排列图。
图6为本发明复合面料与参照样的吸湿发热效果对比图。
其中:1、表层面料;2、芯层透汽膜;3、里层面料;11、绒毛层;4、皮肤表层。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图,说明本发明的具体实施方式。
如图1所示,本实施例的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,复合面料为三层一体式结构,从上至下依次包括表层面料1、芯层透汽膜2和里层面料3,表层面料1为吸湿发热的摇粒绒面料,里层面料3为抗菌网眼针织布。
摇粒绒面料为单面毛巾结构,包括由涤纶低弹丝构成的地组织,地组织上织有由混纺纱构成的绒毛层11,混纺纱由超细涤纶和发热粘胶制备;发热粘胶为吸湿发热纤维;绒毛层11的厚度为0.5mm-1mm,绒毛层11能够保留更多的静止空气,使得面料的保暖效果更好。
将吸湿发热纤维作为发热粘胶与超细涤纶一起制备成混纺纱,并将混纺纱编织至地组织构成单面毛巾结构的表层面料1,即将成本较高的吸湿发热纤维与超细涤纶、涤纶低弹丝结合构成复合的表层面料1,有效使用了吸湿发热纤维吸收空气中水分子的同时发出热量达到发热保暖的功能,在保证发热保暖的同时达到降低成本的目的。
摇粒绒面料按重量成分,包括:超细涤纶30-60份,发热粘胶20-30份,涤纶低弹丝30-40份。
将混纺纱支数设为32-42s,混纺纱的纱比为超细涤纶60-90%,发热粘胶10-40%;超细涤纶的规格为75-120D/36-144F,发热粘胶的规格为80D-120D/78-144F,涤纶低弹丝的规格为120D-150D/100-144F,所获得的表层面料1的克重为150-380gsm。
纺织行业中,D表示旦尼尔,1D表示标准大气压与公定回潮率条件下9000m长度的纱线的质量是1g;F表示一根纱线中的单丝根数;如100D/50F表示该纱线的规格为:9000米长度重量为100克,由50根单丝组成。
抗菌网眼针织布由涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱和弹性氨纶制备;涤纶抗菌纱为含有纳米银或抗菌金属氧化物的涤纶纱线,抗菌金属氧化物可为二氧化钛、氧化锌、氧化银等;纳米银对白色念珠菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌率达99%,涤纶抗菌纱使得复合面料具有永久的抗菌、抑菌功能。
抗菌网眼针织布按重量成分,包括:涤纶纱83-93份,涤纶抗菌纱2-5份,弹性氨纶5-12份。
里层面料3中,涤纶抗菌纱的规格为75-150D/36-144F,涤纶纱的规格为50-150D/36-144F,弹性氨纶为的规格为20-70D,所获得的里层面料3的克重为80-280gsm。
抗菌网眼针织布的网眼规则均匀分布,其分布密度为:经向每英寸网眼数量为10-13个,纬向每英寸网眼数量为9-12个;抗菌网眼针织布的网眼为圆点状结构,网眼直径为0.4-0.6mm。
可将由抗菌网眼针织布构成的里层面料3上的网眼分布密度设置为:经向每英寸网眼数量为13个,纬向每英寸网眼数量为12个,圆点状的网眼直径为0.5毫米/个。
芯层透汽膜2为纳米微多孔结构的TPU低透膜,芯层透汽膜2的厚度为0.01-0.1mm;芯层透汽膜2上具有许多微孔,其能使水分子从里层至外层单向通过,并有效阻止外部水分进入里层,以保障里层干燥舒适的环境,芯层透汽膜2防水防湿的同时兼具透气性。
表层面料1、芯层透汽膜2和里层面料3经顺序热压工艺形成层级结构的复合面料;三层面料的重量占比依次为:60-62%、2-4%、34-38%,优选为62%、4%、34%。
如图2所示,本实施例的工作原理为:
皮肤表层4的湿气由里层面料3吸收并经芯层透汽膜2传导至表层面料1;表层面料1混纺纱中的吸湿发热纤维作用,将吸附的湿气转化为热能,由混纺纱构成的绒毛层11使得水分子与吸湿发热纤维的有效接触面积更大,并且绒毛层11还能够保留更多的静止空气使得面料的保暖效果更好,表层面料1持续吸附湿气并持续放热,其升温幅度在短时间内能达到2-5℃;
表层面料1转化的热能则经芯层透汽膜2缓慢传导至里层面料3,从而实现复合面料持续吸湿放热的良性循环,促使人体微环境的稳定,使得穿戴者始终保持温暖、干爽、舒适的穿着体验。
本实施例的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
第一步:准备表层面料1的织造原料,由超细涤纶及发热粘胶混合制备的混纺纱,和涤纶低弹丝;
第二步:以涤纶低弹丝作为地组织,将混纺纱在涤纶低弹丝上纬编针织绒毛层,制得表层面料1的坯布;
第三步:将第二步中表层面料1的坯布下机并放入缸内染色,得到表层面料1的染色坯布;
第四步:将第三步中表层面料1的染色坯布中加入起毛剂,并进行烘干预定型;预定型温度为170℃-180℃,通过轧车对该染色坯布进行起毛柔软整理;
第五步:将第四步中的表层面料1进行刷毛、剪毛,剪毛长度为2-4mm;并对表层绒毛层11进行摇粒处理,使得摇粒工序后绒毛层11的厚度为0.5-1mm,得到摇粒绒面料;
选用支数为32s的混纺纱,该混纺纱的纱比为超细涤纶89.5%,发热粘胶10.5%;选用规格为120D/144F的涤纶低弹丝作为地组织,选用34〞×24G单面机机台编织成单面毛巾结构的表层面料1,获得的表层面料1的幅宽和克重为150cm×240gsm。
第六步:准备里层面料3的织造原料,涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶;
第七步:将第六步中的涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶进行纬编针织,得到抗菌网眼针织布,即里层面料3的坯布;
第八步:将第七步中里层面料3的坯布进行热定型,热定型温度为205℃,机速15Y/min;
第九步:将第八步中的里层面料3下机并放入缸内染色,得到里层面料3的染色坯布;
选用涤纶抗菌纱规格为75D/72F,涤纶规格为50D/72F,弹性氨纶规格为20D;选用32〞×32G超细针单面大剖机机台,获得的里层面料3为网眼结构,其纱比为涤纶95%,弹性氨纶5%,里层面料3的幅宽和克重为150cm×120gsm。
第十步:准备TPU低透膜作为芯层透汽膜2;
第十一步:将第五步中的表层面料1贴合至芯层透汽膜2的一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速20m/min工况下贴合并放置10-12小时;
第十二步:将第九步中的里层面料3贴合至芯层透汽膜2的另一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速25m/min工况下贴合,即得到三层结构的复合面料。
第七步中,在进行里层面料3,即抗菌网眼针织布的织造时,如图3、图4和图5所示进行编织。图3和图5中的①②③④⑤⑥为进纱的路数编号,总共六路进纱参与编织;图4中上中下排的1、2、3是不同织针进行的编号,分别为1号针,2号针和3号针;图5中,符号“∧”表示成圈三角,符号“∏”表示集圈三角,符号“—”表示浮线三角,织针在经过对应的三角时会使织造中的纱线编织表现出成圈、集圈或不编织状态。按图3、图4和图5所示的方式进行上机编织,六路编织为一个完整的织物编织循环;图5中第路进纱的下针盘三角,分别为成圈、不成圈和集圈三角,其对应编织图如图3中第①路;其他路均为成圈三角,编织图均为成圈。编织所用纱线为:第①路喂入涤纶纱50D/72F,其余②-⑥路均喂入弹性氨纶20D及涤纶抗菌纱75D/72F,从而编织得到抗菌网眼针织布,即里层面料3。
第三步中,表层面料1的坯布的染色,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:缸内加除油剂,以1℃/min的速率升温至90℃,前处理45min;
步骤二:在步骤一的前处理之后,缸内加高温匀染剂、螯合分散剂、冰醋酸、染料成分,以1℃/min的速率升温至130℃,染色约120min;
步骤三:在步骤二的染色之后,以1℃/min的速率降温至90℃,保温20min;接着继续降温至60℃;
步骤四:加皂洗剂,皂洗20min;
步骤五:将经步骤四处理的表层面料1换入清水中,洗20min;
步骤六:将步骤五中的表层面料1出缸,并依次经脱水、剖布及烘干,得到染色完成的表层面料1。
第九步中里层面料3的坯布的染色与表层面料1的坯布的染色步骤相同。
将本实施例的复合面料与现有普通的吸湿发热面料(参照样)进行试验对比,以说明其吸湿发热的效果。
取相同尺寸样品和参照样(20cm×20cm),在干燥机中处理四小时,并在分配器中放置一晚;
将放置后的样品和参照样在恒温恒湿箱内于20℃温度,40%湿度工况下处理两小时;
最后将样品和参照样在恒温恒湿箱内于20℃温度,90%湿度条件下,测试各自随时间变化的温度,如下表,并以图6中折线图表示:
测试结果表明,样品最大吸湿发热效果为参照样的(23.8-19.7)/(21.6-19.7)=215.8%,并且最终样品面料将温度维持在21.3℃,相比与参照样的20.2℃高,因此本实施例的面料具有更佳的保暖效果。
本发明获得的复合面料具有舒适、透湿、发热以及抗菌性能,以有效维持人体微环境的稳定,穿戴者体验效果好。
以上描述是对本发明的解释,不是对发明的限定,本发明所限定的范围参见权利要求,在本发明的保护范围之内,可以作任何形式的修改。
Claims (10)
1.一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述复合面料为三层一体式结构,从上至下依次包括表层面料(1)、芯层透汽膜(2)和里层面料(3),所述表层面料(1)为吸湿发热的摇粒绒面料,所述里层面料(3)为抗菌网眼针织布。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述摇粒绒面料为单面毛巾结构,包括由涤纶低弹丝构成的地组织,地组织上织有由混纺纱构成的绒毛层(11),所述混纺纱由超细涤纶和发热粘胶制备;所述发热粘胶为吸湿发热纤维;所述绒毛层(11)的厚度为0.5mm-1mm。
3.如权利要求2所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述摇粒绒面料按重量成分,包括:超细涤纶30-60份,发热粘胶20-30份,涤纶低弹丝30-40份。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述抗菌网眼针织布由涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱和弹性氨纶制备;所述涤纶抗菌纱为含有纳米银或抗菌金属氧化物的涤纶纱线。
5.如权利要求4所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述抗菌网眼针织布按重量成分,包括:涤纶纱83-93份,涤纶抗菌纱2-5份,弹性氨纶5-12份。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述抗菌网眼针织布的网眼均匀分布,其分布密度为:经向每英寸网眼数量为10-13个,纬向每英寸网眼数量为9-12个;所述抗菌网眼针织布的网眼为圆点状结构,网眼直径为0.4-0.6mm。
7.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述芯层透汽膜(2)为纳米微多孔结构的TPU低透膜,所述芯层透汽膜(2)的厚度为0.01-0.1mm。
8.如权利要求1所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料,其特征在于:所述表层面料(1)、芯层透汽膜(2)和里层面料(3)经顺序热压工艺形成层级结构的复合面料。
9.一种如权利要求1所述的抗菌吸湿发热复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
第一步:准备表层面料(1)的织造原料,由超细涤纶及发热粘胶混合制备的混纺纱,和涤纶低弹丝;
第二步:以涤纶低弹丝作为地组织,将混纺纱在涤纶低弹丝上纬编针织绒毛层(11),制得表层面料(1)的坯布;
第三步:将第二步中表层面料(1)的坯布下机并放入缸内染色,得到表层面料(1)的染色坯布;
第四步:将第三步中表层面料(1)的染色坯布中加入起毛剂,并进行烘干预定型;预定型温度为170℃-180℃,通过轧车对该染色坯布进行起毛柔软整理;
第五步:将第四步中的表层面料(1)进行刷毛、剪毛,剪毛长度为2-4mm;并对表层绒毛层(11)进行摇粒处理,使得摇粒工序后绒毛层(11)的厚度为0.5-1mm,得到摇粒绒面料;
第六步:准备里层面料(3)的织造原料,涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶;
第七步:将第六步中的涤纶纱、涤纶抗菌纱、以及弹性氨纶进行纬编针织,得到抗菌网眼针织布,即里层面料(3)的坯布;
第八步:将第七步中里层面料(3)的坯布进行热定型,热定型温度为205℃,机速15Y/min;
第九步:将第八步中的里层面料(3)下机并放入缸内染色,得到里层面料(3)的染色坯布;
第十步:准备TPU低透膜作为芯层透汽膜(2);
第十一步:将第五步中的表层面料(1)贴合至芯层透汽膜(2)的一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速20m/min工况下贴合并放置10-12小时;
第十二步:将第九步中的里层面料(3)贴合至芯层透汽膜(2)的另一侧,在温度85-90℃,机速25m/min工况下贴合,即得到三层结构的复合面料。
10.如权利要求9所述的一种抗菌吸湿发热复合面料的制备方法,其特征在于:第三步中,表层面料(1)的坯布的染色,包括如下步骤:
步骤一:缸内加除油剂,以1℃/min的速率升温至90℃,前处理45min;
步骤二:在步骤一的前处理之后,缸内加高温匀染剂、螯合分散剂、冰醋酸、染料成分,以1℃/min的速率升温至130℃,染色约120min;
步骤三:在步骤二的染色之后,以1℃/min的速率降温至90℃,保温20min;接着继续降温至60℃;
步骤四:加皂洗剂,皂洗20min;
步骤五:将经步骤四处理的表层面料(1)换入清水中,洗20min;
步骤六:将步骤五中的表层面料(1)出缸,并依次经脱水、剖布及烘干,得到染色完成的表层面料(1);
第九步中里层面料(3)的坯布的染色与表层面料(1)的坯布的染色步骤相同。
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