CN110771824A - Gracilaria lemaneiformis dietary fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Gracilaria lemaneiformis dietary fiber and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
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Abstract
The invention relates to a asparagus dietary fiber and a preparation method thereof, and the method comprises the following steps: cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying, and pulverizing into powder; mixing the powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50-100, and grinding and homogenizing the mixture by a colloid mill to obtain asparagus suspension; adjusting the pH value of the asparagus suspension to 3.0-7.0, and stirring and extracting for 1-3 h at the temperature of 60-100 ℃; centrifuging the extract while the extract is hot, precipitating, and freeze-drying to obtain asparagus insoluble dietary fiber; adding 2-5 times volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant, standing at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h; centrifuging the supernatant after alcohol precipitation, and collecting the precipitate to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber. The method effectively improves the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber, generates no waste water and waste residue in the extraction process, has simple extraction process, good yield and no environmental pollution, can reduce the production cost of enterprises and increase the economic benefit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of food, in particular to asparagus dietary fiber and a preparation method thereof.
Background
In recent years, with the great improvement of living standard of people, diet is getting more and more refined, and some modern civilization diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, intestinal cancer, constipation and the like are more and more common. Dietary fiber has recently gained wide attention and rapid development in various countries as a functional factor of health food. Many food experts use dietary fiber as functional food and popular food in the 21 st century. Today, as diet becomes more and more refined, dietary fiber becomes a substance of interest to academia and common people, and is recognized as a seventh group of nutrients by the nutrition community, in parallel with the traditional six groups of nutrients, i.e., protein, fat, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral and water.
At present, reports of asparagus dietary fibers are few, and researches on preparation of the asparagus dietary fibers and application of the asparagus dietary fibers in yoghourt are reported by Chengxiang and the like [ D ]. China oceanic university, 2012. The asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by adopting a fermentation method and an enzyme method, the preparation process is mild, the environmental pollution is small, but the preparation method is complex, the process parameters are difficult to control, the microbial pollution is easy to cause, the consumed time is long, and the enterprise cost is increased. The extraction of other dietary fibers, such as a microwave-ultrasonic combined extraction method, has short extraction time and no pollution to the environment; but the yield of the soluble dietary fiber is lower, and the ultrasonic energy consumption is more wasted. The hydrochloric acid and the sodium hydroxide are combined with the enzymolysis method for extraction, and the environment is polluted by using a large amount of chemical reagents.
Thus, the current methods of preparing dietary fiber remain to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of asparagus dietary fiber. The method effectively improves the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber, makes full use of the asparagus, generates no waste water and waste residue in the extraction process, has simple extraction process, high efficiency, good yield and no environmental pollution, can reduce the production cost of enterprises and increase the economic benefit.
Therefore, in one aspect of the invention, the invention provides a preparation method of asparagus dietary fiber, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning asparagus, drying until the water content is below 5%, and crushing to 40-80 meshes to obtain asparagus powder;
(2) mixing the asparagus powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50-100, and grinding and homogenizing the mixture by a colloid mill to obtain an asparagus suspension;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the asparagus suspension to 3.0-7.0;
(4) stirring and extracting the asparagus suspension processed in the step (3) for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃;
(5) centrifuging the asparagus suspension processed in the step (4) while the suspension is hot to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate;
(6) lyophilizing the precipitate to obtain Gracilaria lemaneiformis insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) adding 2-5 times volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant, stirring while adding, standing at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h;
(8) centrifuging the supernatant after alcohol precipitation, and collecting the precipitate to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
According to the preparation method of the asparagus dietary fiber, the asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the colloid mill auxiliary extraction, so that the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber can be effectively high, the asparagus is fully utilized, no wastewater or waste residues are generated in the extraction process, the extraction process is simple, the efficiency is high, the yield is good, the environment is not polluted, the production cost of an enterprise can be reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and the asparagus soluble dietary fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber are extracted at the same time. The obtained dietary fiber can be used in food and health product, and can improve product quality.
In addition, the preparation method of the asparagus dietary fiber provided by the embodiment of the invention can also have the following additional technical characteristics:
according to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (2), the grinding gap is 0.1 mm-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5 min-10 min, and the grinding speed is 5000-15000 r/min.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (5), the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (8), the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, in the step (3), the reagent for adjusting pH is one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and citric acid.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), after the pH is adjusted, 0.1-1.0% of cellulase is added into the asparagus suspension, and enzymolysis is carried out for 1-5 h at 40-100 ℃.
In another aspect of the invention, the invention also provides asparagus dietary fiber which is prepared by the preparation method of the asparagus dietary fiber.
The asparagus dietary fiber according to the invention comprises soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber; the obtained dietary fiber can be used in food and health product, and can improve product quality.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is illustrated by specific examples below. It is to be understood that one or more method steps mentioned in the present invention do not exclude the presence of other method steps before or after the combination step or that other method steps may be inserted between the explicitly mentioned steps; it should also be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Moreover, unless otherwise indicated, the numbering of the various method steps is merely a convenient tool for identifying the various method steps, and is not intended to limit the order in which the method steps are arranged or the scope of the invention in which the invention may be practiced, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantially changing the technical content.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail below. While exemplary embodiments of the invention have been shown, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
The test materials adopted by the invention are all common commercial products and can be purchased in the market.
The invention provides a preparation method of asparagus dietary fiber, which comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning asparagus, drying in a 70 ℃ oven until the water content is below 5%, and crushing to 40-80 meshes to obtain asparagus powder.
(2) Mixing the asparagus powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50-100, and grinding and homogenizing the mixture by a colloid mill to obtain an asparagus suspension; wherein the grinding gap is 0.1 mm-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5 min-10 min, and the grinding speed is 5000-15000 r/min.
(3) Adjusting the pH value of the asparagus suspension to 3.0-7.0; wherein the reagent for adjusting pH is one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and citric acid. Then, after the pH value is adjusted, 0.1 to 1.0 percent of cellulase can be added into the asparagus suspension for enzymolysis for 1 to 5 hours at the temperature of between 40 and 100 ℃ so as to further improve the yield of the asparagus.
(4) Stirring and extracting the asparagus suspension processed in the step (3) for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃;
(5) centrifuging the asparagus suspension processed in the step (4) while the suspension is hot to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate; wherein the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
(6) Lyophilizing the precipitate to obtain Gracilaria lemaneiformis insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) adding 2-5 times volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant, stirring while adding, standing at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h;
(8) centrifuging the supernatant after alcohol precipitation, and collecting precipitates to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber, wherein the centrifugation speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugation time is 3-10 min.
According to the preparation method of the asparagus dietary fiber, the asparagus is prepared into powder, the powder is soaked with water, and then the asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the colloid mill combined with the enzymolysis method for auxiliary extraction, so that the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber can be effectively increased, the asparagus is fully utilized, no waste water or waste residue is generated in the extraction process, the extraction process is simple, the efficiency is high, the yield is good, the environment is not polluted, the production cost of an enterprise can be reduced, the economic benefit is increased, and the soluble dietary fiber and the insoluble dietary fiber of the asparagus are extracted at the same time. The obtained dietary fiber can be used in food and health product, and can improve product quality.
The invention will now be described with reference to specific examples, which are intended to be illustrative only and not to be limiting in any way.
Example 1
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 40 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 4500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Pouring the asparagus material liquid soaked in the step (2) into a colloid mill for grinding, wherein the grinding gap is 0.1-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5-10 min, and the grinding rotating speed is 5000-15000 r/min, so as to obtain the asparagus suspension.
(4) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) to 4.3 by using citric acid, adding 0.5% cellulase, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2.5h at 50 ℃.
(5) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (4) into a heating stirrer, heating to 100 ℃, and extracting for 1 h.
(6) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (5) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(7) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(8) And (4) slowly adding the preheated 95% ethanol with the volume being 4 times that of the supernatant obtained in the step (6) at the temperature of 60 ℃ while stirring.
(9) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (8) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(10) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (9) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 17.6g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 14.9 g.
Example 2
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 50 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 4500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Pouring the asparagus material liquid soaked in the step (2) into a colloid mill for grinding, wherein the grinding gap is 0.1-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5-10 min, and the grinding rotating speed is 5000-15000 r/min, so as to obtain the asparagus suspension.
(4) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) to 5.0 by using citric acid.
(5) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (4) into a heating stirrer, heating to 90 ℃, and extracting for 1 h.
(6) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (5) for 3min at the rotating speed of 6000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(7) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(8) And (4) slowly adding 3 times of volume of 95% preheated ethanol at 60 ℃ into the supernatant obtained in the step (6) while stirring.
(9) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (8) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(10) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (9) for 3min at the rotation speed of 10000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 15.35g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 17.15 g.
Example 3
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 60 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 2500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Pouring the asparagus material liquid soaked in the step (2) into a colloid mill for grinding, wherein the grinding gap is 0.1-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5-10 min, and the grinding rotating speed is 5000-15000 r/min, so as to obtain the asparagus suspension.
(4) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) to 7.0 by using acetic acid.
(5) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (4) into a heating stirrer, heating to 80 ℃, and extracting for 3 h.
(6) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (5) for 5min at the rotating speed of 7000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(7) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(8) And (4) slowly adding 5 times of volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant obtained in the step (6) while stirring.
(9) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (8) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(10) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (9) for 4min at the rotating speed of 9000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 13.45g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 19.05 g.
Example 4
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 80 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 2500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Pouring the asparagus material liquid soaked in the step (2) into a colloid mill for grinding, wherein the grinding gap is 0.1-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5-10 min, and the grinding rotating speed is 5000-15000 r/min, so as to obtain the asparagus suspension.
(4) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) to 7.0 by using acetic acid.
(5) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (4) into a heating stirrer, heating to 80 ℃, and extracting for 3 h.
(6) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (5) for 5min at the rotating speed of 7000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(7) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (6) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(8) And (4) slowly adding 5 times of volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant obtained in the step (6) while stirring.
(9) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (8) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(10) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (9) for 4min at the rotating speed of 9000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 10.2g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 22.3 g.
Comparative example 1
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 40 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 4500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus feed liquid obtained in the step (2) to 4.3 by using citric acid, adding 0.5% cellulase, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2h at 50 ℃.
(4) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) into a heating stirrer, heating to 100 ℃, and extracting for 1 h.
(5) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (4) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(6) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (5) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(7) And (3) slowly adding 4 times of volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant obtained in the step (5) while stirring.
(8) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (7) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(9) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (8) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 8.32g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 24.18 g.
Comparative example 2
A asparagus dietary fiber is prepared by the following steps:
(1) cleaning thallus Gracilariae, oven drying at 70 deg.C until water content is below 5%, pulverizing to 40 mesh, and making into thallus Gracilariae powder.
(2) 50g of asparagus powder is put into a container, and 4500g of water is added for soaking.
(3) Adjusting the pH of the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (2) to 4.3 by using citric acid.
(4) Pouring the asparagus suspension obtained in the step (3) into a heating stirrer, heating to 100 ℃, and extracting for 1 h.
(5) And (4) centrifuging the extracting solution obtained in the step (4) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min to obtain supernatant and sediment.
(6) Freeze-drying and crushing the precipitate obtained in the step (5) to obtain the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber.
(7) And (3) slowly adding 4 times of volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant obtained in the step (5) while stirring.
(8) Standing the feed liquid obtained in the step (7) at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h.
(9) And (4) centrifuging the material liquid subjected to alcohol precipitation in the step (8) for 5min at the rotating speed of 8000r/min, taking the precipitate, and freeze-drying to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
The mass of the asparagus soluble dietary fiber obtained in this example was 7.65g, and the mass of the asparagus insoluble dietary fiber was 24.85 g.
The asparagus used in examples 1-4 and comparative examples 1-2 were the same, and the yields of the soluble dietary fibers prepared in the examples and comparative examples were counted, wherein:
calculating the yield of the dietary fiber:
total dietary fiber (soluble dietary fiber + insoluble dietary fiber)
In the formula: m is
1Is the soluble dietary fiber mass, in units (g);
m
2is insoluble dietary fiber mass, in units (g);
m is the sample mass in units (g).
As a result, the following results were obtained:
as can be seen from the above table, the method for preparing the asparagus dietary fiber of the invention comprises the steps of preparing the asparagus into powder, soaking the powder in water, and extracting and preparing the asparagus dietary fiber by the colloid mill combined with the enzymolysis method, wherein the extraction rate of the soluble dietary fiber can be effectively improved.
In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above should not be understood to necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by those skilled in the art.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A preparation method of asparagus dietary fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) cleaning asparagus, drying until the water content is below 5%, and crushing to 40-80 meshes to obtain asparagus powder;
(2) mixing the asparagus powder with water according to a mass ratio of 1: 50-100, and grinding and homogenizing the mixture by a colloid mill to obtain an asparagus suspension;
(3) adjusting the pH value of the asparagus suspension to 3.0-7.0;
(4) stirring and extracting the asparagus suspension processed in the step (3) for 1 to 3 hours at the temperature of between 60 and 100 ℃;
(5) centrifuging the asparagus suspension processed in the step (4) while the suspension is hot to obtain a supernatant and a precipitate;
(6) lyophilizing the precipitate to obtain Gracilaria lemaneiformis insoluble dietary fiber;
(7) adding 2-5 times volume of 95% ethanol preheated at 60 ℃ into the supernatant, stirring while adding, standing at 4 ℃, and precipitating with ethanol for 12 h;
(8) centrifuging the supernatant after alcohol precipitation, and collecting the precipitate to obtain the asparagus soluble dietary fiber.
2. The method for preparing asparagus dietary fiber according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the grinding gap is 0.1 mm-1.5 mm, the grinding time is 5 min-10 min, and the grinding speed is 5000-15000 r/min.
3. The method for preparing asparagus dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the centrifugal speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
4. The method for preparing asparagus dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (8), the centrifugal speed is 8000-10000 r/min, and the centrifugal time is 3-10 min.
5. The method for preparing asparagus dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the agent for adjusting the pH is one or more of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, sulfuric acid and citric acid.
6. The method for preparing asparagus dietary fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), after the pH is adjusted, 0.1-1.0% of cellulase is added into the asparagus suspension, and enzymolysis is carried out for 1-5 h at 40-100 ℃.
7. A asparagus dietary fiber characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the asparagus dietary fiber of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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CN104824682A (en) * | 2015-05-25 | 2015-08-12 | 郑州新威营养技术有限公司 | Preparation method for wheat bran dietary fiber |
CN106579465A (en) * | 2016-11-02 | 2017-04-26 | 华南理工大学 | Sisal hemp residue dietary fibers and preparation method thereof |
CN106962947A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-21 | 贵阳学院 | Combined method extracts soluble dietary fiber in potato residues |
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