CN110771763A - 一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法。本发明公开的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法其特点是包括以下步骤:1)枸杞清洗;2)CO2气爆;3)分汁;4)灌装。本发明的优点在于,与现有技术相比,通过CO2气爆方法将枸杞果汁制备过程中的破碎、灭酶和杀菌工序一步完成,所制枸杞果汁维生素破坏少,产品氧化褐变小、微生物稳定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种枸杞果汁的制备方法,特别是一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法。
背景技术
枸杞是药食同源的滋补品,既可以入药,又可以作为食品。研究表明,枸杞中含有丰富的枸杞多糖、黄酮、维生素、类胡萝卜色素等生物活性物质,这些成分是枸杞发挥其生物功效的物质基础。
枸杞果汁是成熟鲜枸杞经榨汁工艺加工而成的枸杞饮品。目前,枸杞果汁的制备方法一般包括破碎、打浆、灭酶、热灭菌、灌装等工艺过程。枸杞鲜果通过破碎机的过程中,机械作用破碎枸杞果皮,使得枸杞果实中的果汁释放出来,经打浆分离去除皮籽,得到的果汁80-90℃灭酶、胶体研磨、均质,最后80℃以上灭菌、灌装形成枸杞汁。目前,枸杞汁加工工艺的缺点是释放出的果汁暴露在空气中易发生氧化褐变。另外,在热灭菌过程中维生素等热敏性成分遭到破坏,并产生蒸煮味,造成枸杞汁营养、功效成分损失,加工果汁色泽深,影响枸杞果汁的营养功效和市场价值。
CO2安全无毒,作为食品添加剂广泛应用在饮料、果汁等产品中。同时,高密度的CO2作为加工助剂具有明显的杀菌作用,杀菌后CO2可与物料彻底分离并无残留,CO2杀菌具有处理温度低、处理时间短、无残留、无污染、营养损失少和安全性高等优点。但是,高密度CO2对液体物料的杀菌效果较差,主要原因是CO2与液体物料传质差,CO2与液体物料不能充分混合。为了提高CO2杀菌效果,现有的方法主要有提高杀菌压力、重复杀菌以及对杀菌釜改造增加接触面等。专利CN101327034A公开的一种液体食品的超临界CO2灭菌方法,将CO2预处理达到超临界态,进行杀菌。专利CN101214081A公开的一种苹果浊汁的非热杀菌方法,采用脉冲式高密度二氧化碳充压、保压、泄压,通过重复两次以上的保压、泄压步骤,进行杀菌。专利CN101579531A公开的一种液体物料的三相杀菌方法及其设备,在杀菌釜中装填用于使液体物料与超临界CO2充分混合的固相惰性材料,增加CO2与液体物料二者的接触面积提高二者间的传质,进行杀菌。专利CN102334716A公开的一种利用超临界CO2灭菌的方法,在灭菌器内从顶部至底部安装4~6块打孔的不锈钢板,提高CO2与液体物料的传质,进行杀菌。提高压力、重复杀菌的缺点在于CO2用量大,而对杀菌釜改造增加接触面的缺点是使杀菌设备结构复杂,增加设备成本和操作难度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,通过CO2气爆的方法将枸杞果汁制备过程中的破碎、灭酶和杀菌工序一步完成,枸杞果汁维生素破坏少,产品氧化褐变小、微生物稳定,气味良好。
本发明所述的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)清洗:第一步将枸杞鲜果采用生活饮用水冲洗,除去表面杂质。第二步采用碱性还原电位水喷淋清洗10-20s。第三步采用酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗1-2min,沥干水分,得A品。
(2)CO2气爆:第一步将A品倒入耐高压喷罐中,注入CO2气体排空空气后密闭。第二步注入高压CO2使压力达到15-20MPa,并维持20-30min。第三步打开卸料阀,将物料喷放至贮罐中,得B品。
(3)分汁:打开贮罐卸料阀,将B品通过60-100目过滤器除去果皮和果籽,得C品。
(4)灌装:C品无菌灌装,即得枸杞冷榨果汁。
步骤(1)所述碱性还原电位水pH为10-11、氧化还原电位-1000mV至-800mV。
步骤(1)所述酸性氧化电位水pH为1.5-2.0、氧化还原电位1400-1500mV。
步骤(2)所述贮罐的真空度为-0.1MPa至0MPa。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明所提供的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法。步骤(1)第二步枸杞清洗,采用碱性还原电位水清洗。一方面,碱性还原电位水的高清洁性,可有效的除去鲜果表面的杂质和一部分微生物,另一方面,碱性还原电位水可以破除枸杞鲜果表面的蜡质层结构,提高了枸杞鲜果的通透性,使得在步骤(2)气爆过程中CO2能够更好的进入枸杞鲜果内部,加强了枸杞鲜果与CO2的传质效率,提高了杀菌和气爆效果。步骤(1)第三步通过酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗,进步一对枸杞鲜果表面进行清洗和消毒,提高了鲜果的洁净程度,降低了微生物污染风险。步骤(2)CO2气爆,第二步注入高压CO2,CO2浸入到果实内部与果肉组织中的游离水结合,形成过饱和碳酸溶液,降低了体系的pH值,钝化果肉组织中多酚氧化酶的活性,起到了抑制氧化褐变和杀菌的作用。步骤(2)CO2气爆,喷放过程中高压的物料瞬间泄压,巨大的压差作用和CO2气化使得物料组织结构裂解,起到破碎果肉组织的作用,与传统枸杞果汁加工中机械破碎、打浆相比,避免了氧化褐变和维生素的破坏。另外,枸杞鲜果CO2气爆过程中的高压作用和喷放过程中巨大的压差产生的剪切作用具有明显的杀菌效果,有效的保证了枸杞果汁的微生物稳定性。
申请人对本发明制备的枸杞冷榨果汁进行了部分试验考察,结果如下:
试验例1.微生物检测。
1)检验样品:本发明枸杞冷榨果汁(按照实施例制备)。
2)检验项目:菌落总数、大肠菌群、霉菌、酵母。
3)检测方法及结果,见表1。
表1.微生物检验方法及结果
序号 | 检验项目 | 检测方法 | 标准值 | 检验结果 |
1 | 菌落总数cfu/mL | GB4789.2 | ≤100 | 10 |
2 | 大肠菌群MPN/mL | GB4789.3 | ≤3 | <1 |
3 | 霉菌cfu/mL | GB4789.15 | ≤20 | <1 |
4 | 酵母cfu/mL | GB4789.15 | ≤20 | <1 |
由表1可知,本发明制备的枸杞冷榨果汁微生物指标符合国家食品安全标准。
试验例2.褐变检验。
1)检验样品:本发明枸杞冷榨果汁(按照实施例制备)、市售枸杞汁(生产日期与本发明枸杞冷榨果汁的制备日期相同)。
2)检验项目:420nm波长下吸光值A420nm。
3)检测方法:取本发明枸杞冷榨果汁和市售枸杞汁各3份,每份5mL,并加入0.5%亚硫酸钠水溶液2mL,4000rad/min离心10min,取上清液快速滤纸过滤,采用分光光度计420nm波长下测定吸光值A420nm,结果取平均值。
4)检测结果,见表2。
表2.褐变检验结果
序号 | 检验样品 | A<sub>420nm</sub>平均值 |
1 | 本发明枸杞冷榨果汁 | 0.4 |
2 | 市售枸杞果汁 | 0.65 |
由表2可知,本发明枸杞冷榨果汁在420nm吸收波长下的吸光值A420nm较市售枸杞汁低,表明本发明枸杞冷榨果汁褐变程度比市售枸杞汁低。
试验例3.维生素C检测。
1)检验样品:本发明枸杞冷榨果汁(按照实施例制备)、市售枸杞汁(生产日期与本发明枸杞冷榨果汁的制备日期相同)。
2)检验项目:Vc含量。
3)检测方法:取本发明枸杞冷榨果汁和市售枸杞汁各3份,每份10mL,测量各样品的Vc含量,结果取平均值。
4)检测结果,见表3。
表3.维生素C检验结果
序号 | 检验样品 | Vc含量mg/100g |
1 | 本发明枸杞冷榨果汁 | 138.0 |
2 | 市售枸杞果汁 | 8.5 |
由表3可知,本发明枸杞冷榨果汁Vc含量较市售枸杞汁高,表明本发明提供的枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法Vc损失率低。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在提供一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法。结合具体实施方式对本发明进行进一步的详细描述,给出的实施例仅为了阐明本发明,而不是为了限制本发明的范围。
实施例1:
1)清洗:第一步将枸杞鲜果采用生活饮用水冲洗,除去表面杂质。第二步采用pH10、氧化还原电位-800mV的碱性还原电位水喷淋清洗20s。第三步采用pH2.0、氧化还原电位1400mV的酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗2min,沥干水分,得A品。
2)CO2气爆:第一步将A品倒入耐高压喷罐中,注入CO2气体排空空气后密闭。第二步注入高压CO2使压力达到20MPa,并维持20min。第三步打开卸料阀,将物料喷放至真空度为-0.09MPa的贮罐中,得B品。
3)分汁:打开贮罐卸料阀,将B品通过100目过滤器除去果皮和果籽,得C品。
4)灌装:将C品无菌灌装,即得枸杞冷榨果汁。
实施例2:
1)清洗:第一步将枸杞鲜果采用生活饮用水冲洗,除去表面杂质。第二步采用pH11、氧化还原电位-1000mV的碱性还原电位水喷淋清洗10s。第三步采用pH1.5、氧化还原电位1500mV的酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗1min,沥干水分,得A品。
2)CO2气爆:第一步将A品倒入耐高压喷罐中,注入CO2气体排空空气后密闭。第二步注入高压CO2使压力达到20MPa,并维持30min。第三步打开卸料阀,将物料喷放至真空度为-0.08MPa的贮罐中,得B品。
3)分汁:打开贮罐卸料阀,将B品通过60目过滤器除去果皮和果籽,得C品。
4)灌装:将C品无菌灌装,即得枸杞冷榨果汁。
实施例3:
1)清洗:第一步将枸杞鲜果采用生活饮用水冲洗,除去表面杂质。第二步采用pH11、氧化还原电位-1000mV的碱性还原电位水喷淋清洗20s。第三步采用pH1.5、氧化还原电位1500mV的酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗2min,沥干水分,得A品。
2)CO2气爆:第一步将A品倒入耐高压喷罐中,注入CO2气体排空空气后密闭。第二步注入高压CO2使压力达到15MPa,并维持30min。第三步打开卸料阀,将物料喷放至真空度为-0.05MPa的贮罐中,得B品。
3)分汁:打开贮罐卸料阀,将B品通过80目过滤器除去果皮和果籽,得C品。
4)灌装:将C品无菌灌装,即得枸杞冷榨果汁。
Claims (4)
1.一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)清洗:第一步将枸杞鲜果采用生活饮用水冲洗,除去表面杂质。第二步采用碱性还原电位水喷淋清洗10-20s。第三步采用酸性氧化电位水浸泡清洗1-2min,沥干水分,得A品。
(2)CO2气爆:第一步将A品倒入耐高压喷罐中,注入CO2气体排空空气后密闭。第二步注入高压CO2使压力达到15-20MPa,并维持20-30min。第三步打开卸料阀,将物料喷放至贮罐中,得B品。
(3)分汁:打开贮罐卸料阀,将B品通过60-100目过滤器除去果皮和果籽,得C品。
(4)灌装:C品无菌灌装,即得枸杞冷榨果汁。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述碱性还原电位水pH为10-11、氧化还原电位为-1000mV至-800mV。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述酸性氧化电位水pH为1.5-2.0、氧化还原电位为1400-1500mV。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种枸杞冷榨果汁的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)所述贮罐的真空度为-0.1MPa至0MPa。
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