CN110771299A - High-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method - Google Patents

High-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110771299A
CN110771299A CN201911160287.3A CN201911160287A CN110771299A CN 110771299 A CN110771299 A CN 110771299A CN 201911160287 A CN201911160287 A CN 201911160287A CN 110771299 A CN110771299 A CN 110771299A
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Prior art keywords
soil
ploughing
acidity
improvement
alkalinity
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CN201911160287.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
桑毅媛
张双凤
桑毅振
王明钦
贾松锋
王金亭
杨洛滨
张晓燕
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Shouguang Constant Vegetable Agriculture Development Group Co Ltd
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Shouguang Constant Vegetable Agriculture Development Group Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201911160287.3A priority Critical patent/CN110771299A/en
Publication of CN110771299A publication Critical patent/CN110771299A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M17/00Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
    • A01M17/002Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01MCATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
    • A01M21/00Apparatus for the destruction of unwanted vegetation, e.g. weeds
    • A01M21/04Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity
    • A01M21/043Apparatus for destruction by steam, chemicals, burning, or electricity by chemicals

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method which comprises soil plowing, soil acidity and alkalinity detection of a planting field, soil acidity and alkalinity improvement, soil fertilization and soil ventilation fermentation treatment. According to the invention, the soil looseness is improved by pre-ploughing the vegetable cultivation soil, the soil can be improved to a certain extent by ploughing one end of time, the soil is sufficiently improved in acidity and alkalinity by adding the modifier through ploughing for many times, the weed seeds, harmful bacteria and nematodes in the soil can be sufficiently killed and removed by using the methyl bromide solution, the harm to the vegetables is reduced, the organic matter and inorganic matter richness of the soil is increased by applying fertilizers by using livestock manure, sludge from a water treatment plant and straws, the harmful bacteria brought in the raw materials are reduced by aging treatment, the soil is further fermented by adding beneficial bacteria groups and earthworms, the air permeability of the soil is increased, the planting environment of the soil is improved, the benign planting conditions of the soil are increased, and the yield of the vegetables is increased.

Description

High-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vegetable planting soil fertility increasing, in particular to a high-yield vegetable soil fertility increasing cultivation method.
Background
Vegetables are one of essential energy sources in life of people, the nutrient substances of the vegetables mainly comprise minerals, vitamins, fibers and the like, and the higher the content of the substances is, the higher the nutritional value of the vegetables is. In addition, the moisture and dietary fiber content of vegetables are important nutritional quality indicators. Generally, vegetables with high water content and less dietary fiber have better tenderness and higher edible value. But from a health point of view dietary fiber is also an essential nutrient. The nutrients of vegetables cannot be underestimated, 90 percent of vitamin C and 60 percent of vitamin A which are necessary for human bodies are both from vegetables in the international food and agriculture organization statistics in 1990, and the vegetable contributes greatly to the health of human beings. In addition, the vegetables also contain various phytochemicals which are recognized as components beneficial to human health, such as carotenoid, dipropenyl compound, methyl sulfur compound and the like, and many vegetables also contain unique trace elements and have special health care effects on human bodies, such as lycopene in tomatoes, prostaglandin in onions and the like.
It is estimated that 20 or more billion or more people in the world today are suffering from various diseases caused by environmental pollution, and there is an increasing interest in solving the problem of generating a large amount of oxygen radicals due to environmental pollution. One of the effective solutions is to add antioxidant in food to synergistically eliminate excessive destructive active oxygen and active nitrogen. Research shows that a plurality of vitamins, mineral trace elements, related phytochemicals, enzymes and the like in the vegetables are effective antioxidants, so that the vegetables are not only low-sugar, low-salt and low-fat healthy foods, but also can effectively reduce the damage of environmental pollution to human bodies, and meanwhile, the vegetables also have a prevention effect on various diseases.
In some vegetable planting areas, the vegetables are severely inhibited during growth due to the general acidity or alkalinity of soil, the content of beneficial bacteria in the soil is greatly reduced, the content of organic matters is low, the soil is easy to harden, and the yield of the vegetables is low due to poor air permeability.
An effective solution to the problems in the related art has not been proposed yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield vegetable soil fertility increasing cultivation method to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method comprises the steps of soil plowing, soil acidity and alkalinity detection of a planting field, soil acidity and alkalinity improvement, soil fertilization and soil ventilation fermentation treatment, and specifically comprises the following steps:
soil plowing: selecting a proper planting field, ploughing the soil of the planting field by using a land ploughing machine, preferably, the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, breaking large soil blocks after ploughing the land, filling gaps, and airing for 10 days.
And (3) detecting the pH value of the soil of the planting field: taking soil to measure the pH value of the soil, grinding the soil into fine powder, dissolving the soil in distilled water, properly stirring the soil in the dissolving process so as to fully dissolve the soil in the water, and finally taking the solution part of the water and the soil after impurity filtration and measuring the solution part by using a pH test paper to obtain the pH value of the soil.
And (3) soil acid-base improvement: the soil acidity improvement comprises irrigating and washing the cultivated land for many times, scattering the soil acidity modifier on the soil surface, watering and then ploughing again, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil acidity modifier and spraying methyl bromide solution each time, and finally leveling, wherein the soil acidity modifier is a mixed solution of lime and plant ash added with water, the soil acidity and alkalinity is detected regularly during improvement, and the improvement is stopped until the soil acidity and alkalinity is close to neutrality; the soil alkalinity is improved as follows: irrigating and washing the cultivated land for many times, scattering a soil alkaline modifier on the surface of the soil, watering, then re-ploughing, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil alkaline modifier and spraying a methyl bromide solution every time, and finally leveling, wherein the soil alkaline modifier is a mixed solution of vinegar solution and citric acid, the soil pH value is detected regularly during improvement, and the improvement is stopped until the soil pH value is close to neutral.
And (3) soil fertilization: mixing livestock manure, sludge of a water treatment plant and straws in a ratio of 2:1:2, performing decomposition treatment, firstly mixing and putting a chemical curing agent into the mixture for curing for two days, then curing the mixture for 5 days by using a biological curing agent, and spreading the cured mixed fertilizer on the surface of soil.
And (3) soil ventilation fermentation treatment: adding beneficial bacteria and earthworms on the soil surface, finally paving a 2-3 cm soil layer on the surface, covering with straws, standing for three days, and watering and seeding.
Furthermore, the soil is required to be ploughed when the vegetables are harvested and sowed for the second time, a methyl bromide solution is sprayed during ploughing, and finally the soil is fertilized, watered and sowed.
Further, the ratio of the plant ash to the lime is 2:3, and the total amount of the plant ash and the lime mixed per mu per year is 30 kilograms per mu per year when the acid soil is improved.
Further, the ratio of the vinegar liquid to the citric acid is 1:1, and the total amount of the vinegar liquid and the citric acid mixed per mu of the soil is 10 kg per year when the alkaline soil is improved.
Further, the beneficial bacterial mass includes yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, fermentation line filamentous bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.
Further, the number of the earthworms is 200 per square meter.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the invention, the soil looseness is improved by pre-ploughing the vegetable cultivation soil, the soil can be improved to a certain extent by ploughing one end of time, the soil is sufficiently improved in acidity and alkalinity by adding the modifier through ploughing for many times, the weed seeds, harmful bacteria and nematodes in the soil can be sufficiently killed and removed by using the methyl bromide solution, the harm to the vegetables is reduced, the organic matter and inorganic matter richness of the soil is increased by applying fertilizers by using livestock manure, sludge from a water treatment plant and straws, the harmful bacteria brought in the raw materials are reduced by aging treatment, the soil is further fermented by adding beneficial bacteria groups and earthworms, the air permeability of the soil is increased, the planting environment of the soil is improved, the benign planting conditions of the soil are increased, and the yield of the vegetables is increased.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments:
the high-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following concrete steps of soil plowing, soil acidity and alkalinity detection of a planting field, soil acidity and alkalinity improvement, soil fertilization and soil ventilation fermentation treatment:
soil plowing: selecting a proper planting land, normally planting land planted in the past year, ploughing the soil of the planting land by using a land ploughing machine, preferably, the ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, breaking large soil blocks after ploughing the land, filling gaps in gullies, treating, and airing for 10 days to primarily improve the land surface environment.
And (3) detecting the pH value of the soil of the planting field: taking soil to measure the pH value of the soil, grinding the soil into fine powder, putting the soil into distilled water to be dissolved, and stirring the soil properly in the dissolving process, so that the soil can be fully dissolved in the water, finally taking the solution part of the water and the soil after impurity filtration, and measuring the solution part by using a pH test paper to obtain the pH value of the soil, and performing targeted improvement on the soil according to the pH value.
And (3) soil acid-base improvement: the soil acidity improvement comprises the following steps of irrigating and washing cultivated land for many times to reduce the acid-base degree of the soil, scattering the soil acidity improver on the soil surface, ploughing again after watering, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil acidity improver and spraying a methyl bromide solution every time, ploughing and scattering the soil acidity improver for many times to fully improve the planting layer surface of the soil, fully killing weed seeds, harmful bacteria and nematodes in the soil by the methyl bromide solution to reduce the harm to vegetables, and leveling at last, wherein the soil acidity improver is a mixed solution of water and lime added into the soil, and the soil acidity-base value is detected regularly during improvement until the soil acidity-base value is close to neutrality; the soil alkalinity is improved as follows: irrigating and washing the cultivated land for many times, scattering a soil alkaline modifier on the surface of the soil, watering, then re-ploughing, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil alkaline modifier and spraying a methyl bromide solution every time, and finally leveling, wherein the soil alkaline modifier is a mixed solution of vinegar solution and citric acid, the soil pH value is detected regularly during improvement, and the improvement is stopped until the soil pH value is close to neutral.
And (3) soil fertilization: mixing and decomposing livestock manure, sludge of a water treatment plant and straws according to the ratio of 2:1:2, increasing the content of organic matters and inorganic matters in soil, firstly mixing and putting a chemical curing agent into the mixture for curing for two days, then curing the mixture for 5 days by using the biological curing agent, fully curing the biological curing agent and the chemical curing agent to avoid the introduction of harmful bacteria and nematodes, and spreading the cured mixed fertilizer on the surface of the soil.
And (3) soil ventilation fermentation treatment: adding beneficial bacteria mass and earthworms on the soil surface, finally paving a 2-3 cm soil layer on the soil surface, covering with straw to facilitate the full movement and propagation of the beneficial bacteria mass and earthworms, and watering and sowing after standing for three days.
By adopting the scheme, the soil is required to be ploughed when the vegetables are harvested and sowed for the second time, the methyl bromide solution is sprayed during ploughing, and finally the soil is fertilized, watered and sowed, so that the influence of harmful bacteria and nematodes which are not disinfected and gradually bred during the second sowing on the yield reduction of the second planting is avoided.
By adopting the scheme, the ratio of the plant ash to the lime is 2:3, and the total amount of the plant ash and the lime mixed per mu per year is 30 kilograms per mu per year when the acid soil is improved.
By the scheme, the ratio of the vinegar liquid to the citric acid is 1:1, and the total amount of the vinegar liquid and the citric acid mixed per mu of the soil is 10 kg per year when the alkaline soil is improved.
According to the scheme, the beneficial bacteria group comprises yeast, photosynthetic bacillus, fermentation system filamentous bacteria and lactic acid bacteria, the beneficial bacteria are various, the soil is improved, and the ventilation of vegetable roots is facilitated.
Through the scheme of the invention, the number of the earthworms is 200 per square meter, so that the soil porosity is improved permanently.
Through the scheme of the invention, technicians in the field take one mu of land for test planting before and after soil improvement to obtain data of PH value, organic matters and tomato yield per mu in soil: the PH value before soil improvement is 8.4 slightly alkaline, the organic matter content is measured to be 4 percent and is lower than 5 percent of the cultivation standard, the yield per mu of tomatoes is 5000 jin, the PH value after soil improvement is 7.2 and is close to neutral, the organic matter content is greatly improved by 17 percent, the yield per mu is 14000 jin, and the yield is greatly improved.
In summary, the following steps: the invention realizes the improvement and the fertility improvement of the vegetable planting soil, greatly improves the favorable conditions of vegetable planting, increases the yield of vegetables and is worthy of popularization.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A high-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method is characterized by comprising the following steps of soil plowing, soil acidity and alkalinity detection of a planting field, soil acidity and alkalinity improvement, soil fertilization and soil ventilation fermentation treatment:
soil plowing: selecting a proper planting field, ploughing the soil of the planting field by using a land ploughing machine, preferably ploughing to a depth of 20-30 cm, breaking large soil blocks after ploughing the land, filling gaps, and airing for 10 days;
and (3) detecting the pH value of the soil of the planting field: taking soil to measure the pH value of the soil, grinding the soil into fine powder, putting the soil into distilled water to be dissolved, and properly stirring the soil in the dissolving process, so that the soil can be fully dissolved in the water, and finally taking the solution part of the water and the soil after impurity filtration, and measuring by using a pH test paper to obtain the pH value of the soil;
and (3) soil acid-base improvement: the soil acidity improvement comprises irrigating and washing the cultivated land for many times, scattering the soil acidity modifier on the soil surface, watering and then ploughing again, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil acidity modifier and spraying methyl bromide solution each time, and finally leveling, wherein the soil acidity modifier is a mixed solution of lime and plant ash added with water, the soil acidity and alkalinity is detected regularly during improvement, and the improvement is stopped until the soil acidity and alkalinity is close to neutrality; the soil alkalinity is improved as follows: irrigating and washing the cultivated land for many times, scattering a soil alkaline modifier on the surface of the soil, watering, then re-ploughing, ploughing for three times, scattering the soil alkaline modifier and spraying a methyl bromide solution every time, and finally leveling, wherein the soil alkaline modifier is a mixed solution of vinegar solution and citric acid, the pH value of the soil is detected regularly during improvement, and the improvement is stopped until the pH value of the soil is close to neutral;
and (3) soil fertilization: mixing and decomposing livestock manure, sludge of a water treatment plant and straws according to the ratio of 2:1:2, firstly mixing and putting a chemical curing agent into the mixture for curing for two days, then curing for 5 days by using a biological curing agent, and spreading the cured mixed fertilizer on the surface of soil;
and (3) soil ventilation fermentation treatment: adding beneficial bacteria and earthworms on the soil surface, finally paving a 2-3 cm soil layer on the surface, covering with straws, standing for three days, and watering and seeding.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the soil is ploughed each time the vegetables are harvested and sowed twice, and the methyl bromide solution is sprayed during ploughing, and finally the soil is fertilized, watered and sowed.
3. A high yield vegetable soil fertility cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of plant ash and lime is 2:3, and the total amount of the plant ash and lime mixed per mu per year when the acid soil is improved is 30 kg per mu per year.
4. The method for cultivating and fertilizing vegetable soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ratio of vinegar and citric acid is 1:1, and the total amount of vinegar and citric acid mixed per acre per year when alkaline soil is improved is 10 kg.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the beneficial bacterial mass includes yeast, photosynthetic bacteria, fermentation filamentous bacteria and lactic acid bacteria.
6. The method for cultivating and increasing the yield of vegetables in soil according to claim 1, wherein the number of earthworms is 200 per square meter.
CN201911160287.3A 2019-11-23 2019-11-23 High-yield vegetable soil fertility-increasing cultivation method Pending CN110771299A (en)

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CN112470591A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-12 湖北添安农业科技有限公司 Soil cultivation method for novel agricultural research
CN114467399A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-05-13 镇江常青农林科技有限公司 Improvement method of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation soil

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112470591A (en) * 2020-12-03 2021-03-12 湖北添安农业科技有限公司 Soil cultivation method for novel agricultural research
CN114467399A (en) * 2022-01-20 2022-05-13 镇江常青农林科技有限公司 Improvement method of Chinese herbal medicine cultivation soil

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Application publication date: 20200211