CN110754442B - Silkworm embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay technology - Google Patents
Silkworm embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay technology Download PDFInfo
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- 241000255789 Bombyx mori Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 241000256602 Isoptera Species 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000005138 cryopreservation Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 44
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000008117 seed development Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 description 5
- 240000000249 Morus alba Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000008708 Morus alba Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005058 diapause Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000013020 embryo development Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000572 poisoning Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000000607 poisoning effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005660 Abamectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010008428 Chemical poisoning Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000009084 Cold Injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004378 air conditioning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N avermectin B1a Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)O[C@]11O[C@H](C\C=C(C)\[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H](C)[C@H](O)[C@@H](OC)C3)[C@@H](OC)C2)[C@@H](C)\C=C\C=C/2[C@]3([C@H](C(=O)O4)C=C(C)[C@@H](O)[C@H]3OC\2)O)C[C@H]4C1 RRZXIRBKKLTSOM-XPNPUAGNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002595 cold damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035553 feeding performance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035790 physiological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007226 seed germination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035040 seed growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003437 trachea Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and particularly relates to a silkworm egg embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay process. The invention discloses a silkworm embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay process, which is used for delaying the seed development until all embryos reach the place where the embryos are grown4Stage, the humidity of delayed breeding is not lower than 75%, breeding is delayed after silkworm eggs are protected for 7 days, no termite is guaranteed, and newly hatched silkworms are hatched after the temperature for supplementing and hastening green at 25 ℃ is at least 12 hours. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technique is used for treating silkworm seeds, and the silkworm seeds are not hatched in 12h at 25 ℃ for supplementing and promoting hatching, thereby being beneficial to silkworm seed transportation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of silkworm breeding, and particularly relates to a silkworm egg embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay process.
Background
Silkworm egg hatching is to make the silkworm egg grow regularly to hatch under proper temperature, humidity, light, air and other environment condition. Under normal conditions, according to the growth condition and climate condition of mulberry, after silkworm eggs are taken out of the house, the silkworm eggs are treated according to the silkworm egg hatching technical standard, and the silkworm eggs are hatched for 10 days5Embryo germination. The silkworm egg conventional and simplified hatching-hastening standard is shown in table 1 and table 2. The 9 th day of hastening the youth4Embryo stage, induction of green 10 th day until birth5Embryonic stage, Hei4Embryo Biji5Embryos are 1 day earlier.
TABLE 1 silkworm egg conventional hatching criteria
TABLE 2 simplified standard for hatching silkworm eggs
Has already got4Embryo and Heji5The main characteristics of the embryos are shown in table 3.
TABLE 3 hastening the green stage4Embryo and Heji5Essential characteristics of the embryo
| "Sungqingshun" tea | Embryo code | Stage of embryonic development | Is mainly characterized in that |
| 9 | Has already got4 | Striking green stage | The head is dark black after the trachea is finished. |
| 10 | Has already got5 | The turnover period | The ant bodies are finished and are all in a dark black color. |
In the actual production, due to the influence of climatic factors, such as the influence of cold injury of mulberry leaves in spring period when the mulberry leaves suffer late spring cold, the influence of severe high temperature drought on the growth of the mulberry leaves in summer and autumn period, and the pollution condition of pesticide in a larger range of the mulberry leaves, the delayed seed development is needed in the later period of silkworm hatching. According to Zhejiang local standard silkworm egg production regulation (DB 33/T2019-2016), for delayed seed development treatment, when the embryo development of the hatching-hastened silkworm egg exceeds the stage D2, the hatching is continued according to the original standard, and when all embryos reach the stage Hexi 5 and young ants are slightly hatched, the temperature is 5 ℃, the humidity is not lower than 75 percent for protection, and the time is not more than 7 days. The existing treatment of delayed seed until all embryos reach the seed5When the newly hatched ants are in stages, the technology of protecting the newly hatched ants at the temperature of 5 ℃ and at the humidity of not less than 75% is difficult to master in actual production. Such as for practical use to have all embryos reach5In the stage 5 ℃, the protection is not more than 7 days for seed generation, more 1, more young ants exist, and the hatchability is reduced; 2. the hatched silkworm consumes excessive physical strength in the transportation process, influences the life rate and later feeding of the silkworm, and reduces the yield of the breeding and the pupa building rate; 3. the newly-hatched silkworms are continuously hatched after the transportation process exceeds 2 hours, and the operation is not performed due to more newly-hatched silkworms in the egg laying processThus, the growth and development of the livestock are irregular in the breeding process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provide a silkworm egg hatching rate of more than 95% per day, which meets the quality index requirement of the silkworm egg hatching rate; compared with the normal breeding performance for many times in many years, the breeding yield is not different, and the silkworm breeding method is favorable for silkworm breeding transportation. The silkworm embryo low temperature protection and seed delay technology has the technical scheme as follows:
the silkworm embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay process is characterized in that all the embryos reach the self4And stage (3) adopting the delayed spawn running temperature of 8-12 ℃, the delayed spawn running humidity of not less than 75%, protecting silkworm spawns for 7 days, delaying spawning, ensuring that no young ants exist, and hatching the newly hatched silkworms after the temperature for supplementing and hastening the silkworms at 25 ℃ is at least 12 hours.
The current silkworm seed production technology has standardized operation:
1: silkworm egg protection
During the period from the laying of the silkworm eggs to the storage and refrigeration, the overyear silkworm eggs are placed under the environment conditions of proper temperature, humidity and the like, so that the physiological process of the silkworm eggs is kept in a normal state.
2: diapause ovum
The silkworm eggs gradually enter into the development stagnation stage after being laid, and the silkworm eggs which are hatched cannot be continuously developed even under the environment condition suitable for the growth and development of the embryo.
3: cold storage
Through a certain low-temperature protection, the diapause of diapause eggs is relieved or the development of active eggs is inhibited, so that the embryos develop regularly, and silkworm eggs can be discharged from the house according to a preset date.
When the embryos mostly develop to the first embryos, the silkworm eggs are refrigerated batch by batch.
After the 1 st cold storage is finished, the protection temperature is increased, so that the embryo development reaches C1.
A, temperature sensing time: the spring silkworms are planted in the middle and the last ten days of 2 months, the spring silkworms are planted in the middle and the last ten days of 3 months, and the summer silkworms are planted in the last ten days of 4 months;
b, preparing temperature sensing: the preliminary temperature sensing is carried out at a temperature of 5 to 7 ℃ 7 days before the start of temperature sensing. Silkworm seeds are used in spring and summer, and the temperature is preliminarily sensed at 5-7 ℃ for 10-15 days before sensing the temperature;
c, temperature sensing: the silkworm eggs are moved out of the refrigerating place batch by batch, and the temperature is slowly raised (the daily temperature rise range does not exceed 3 ℃). Firstly, protecting at the temperature of 9-10 ℃; when the embryo develops to B1-B2 embryo, the temperature is protected by 10-13 ℃. Generally, the seed crystal for spring silkworm reaches the C1 embryo through 12 d-18 d, and the seed crystal for summer silkworm reaches the C1 embryo through 7 d-12 d. When more than 90% of embryos develop to C1 and no B2 is seen, the intermediate temperature sensing is finished.
Refrigerating for the 2 nd time
When the embryo reaches C1, refrigerating spring silkworm with multi-silk variety, spring and summer dual-purpose variety and summer silkworm with 2.5 deg.C; the spring silkworm variety with medium silk content can be refrigerated at 5 ℃. The refrigerating time is not more than 60 d.
4: pickling:
treating silkworm egg with hydrochloric acid to activate embryo. Soaking the silkworm eggs in acid within 20 hours after the silkworm eggs are laid, namely instant pickling; the egg being laid first cold-stored and then pickled, known as cold-stored pickling
5: specific gravity of
And (3) using saline water (NaCl) with a certain concentration to eliminate the bad eggs.
6: hastening the effect of green
The silkworm eggs with diapause removed are protected under the environment conditions of proper temperature, humidity, light, air and the like, so that the embryos grow regularly to be hatched.
After the silkworm eggs reach the hatching chamber and the embryos basically reach the third 2, gradually raising the temperature to 20 ℃ to start hatching.
When more than 95% of silkworm eggs reach the E3 embryos, the temperature is raised to 25 ℃ in the conventional incubation, and the temperature is raised to 25.5 ℃ in the simplified incubation.
Air conditioning
The hastening and ventilation should be carried out when the temperature difference between the indoor and the outdoor is small. Ventilation should be performed once a day, with a time of about 10min for each ventilation. The length and frequency of the ventilation time can be flexibly controlled according to the indoor and outdoor temperature difference.
Light conditioning
The light in the green-forcing chamber is kept uniform and consistent, and the 2-pentan 3 embryos are natural light; e, E3-Hei 3 embryos are exposed for 18 hours every day; when the embryo of the original seed is 95 percent and the embryo of the first generation hybrid seed is 30 percent, the indoor darkness is kept.
Providing silkworm eggs, and subpackaging
Before the silkworm eggs are protected from light, the silkworm eggs are respectively placed after being disassembled and packaged according to the requirement of a silkworm egg distribution list, and marks are pasted at the same time.
Time of seed production
More than 98% of the spring silkworms reach the 5-hexylene embryos, and about 95% of the summer and autumn silkworms are preferably bred when reaching the 5-hexylene embryos. The stock can be bred on the day of collecting ant.
Delaying seed germination
After the initiation of the incubation, if special conditions are met and the seeds must be delayed, measures of reducing the incubation temperature and slowing down the development speed of the embryo can be adopted at the initial stage of the incubation or the embryo of the 5 th year.
7: starting embryo
Embryos that begin warming for induction, typically referred to as C2 embryos.
The invention mainly aims at the delayed seed development stage of the hastening stage, and realizes a new breakthrough technology.
The delayed spawning temperature is 8-12 ℃, the delayed spawning humidity is not lower than 75%, 7 days of protection are delayed, the delayed spawning temperature and humidity can well ensure that the embryo can be delayed for incubation, and the condition that the incubation is not carried out within 12 hours after the incubation is completed at 25 ℃ can be ensured, so that the continuous incubation of the newly-hatched silkworms after the transportation process exceeds 2 hours can be prevented, the inconvenience in operation is caused by more newly-hatched silkworms in the egg laying process, and the growth and development are not uniform in feeding.
Preferably, the delayed seed-growing temperature is 9-11 ℃.
Preferably, the delayed seed-growth temperature is 10 ℃.
Preferably, the seed delay-humidity is 80%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the technique is used for treating silkworm seeds, and the silkworm seeds are not hatched in 12h at 25 ℃ for supplementing and promoting hatching, thereby being beneficial to silkworm seed transportation.
Detailed Description
The following examples are specifically illustrated:
example 1:
in the autumn rearing period of 2017, Deqing county relates to 5 towns (streets) such as clock pipes, 40 villages 1918 households such as 1617.87 silkworm eggs are poisoned, and 1470.95 silkworm eggs are lost. In the Huzhou city, the poisoning phenomenon occurs in the case of 4509 cun 4296.85 silkworm seeds in Deqing, south Xun and Wuxing 10 Zhen (street), and 3838.6 silkworm seeds are lost. According to the on-site check and analysis of the expert group, the pesticide poisoning of the silkworm caused by the avermectin pesticide is diagnosed. In order to prevent poisoning accidents of late autumn silkworms, the method of low-temperature protection of silkworm embryos and delayed seed development in Deqing county is adopted until all embryos reach the adult silkworm4And stage, adopting silkworm seed delayed protection at the temperature of 8 ℃ and the humidity of 75% to delay seed generation for 7 days, ensuring that no seedling ant exists, and hatching the newly hatched silkworms after 12 hours. The invention ensures that 4000 silkworm eggs which are out of stock are delayed to grow, and the quality and the feeding yield of the silkworm eggs are not influenced. The new town, the Conmanaged town, the Fuxi street and the like safely postpone 3d seed production, and obtain the safe high yield of late autumn silkworm production.
According to the late autumn silkworm production performance survey, the late autumn silkworms in the new town yield 52kg, the bellyturf town yield 42kg, the Fuxi street yield 52.5kg, the Luoersten town yield 40kg and the Qianyuan town yield 51kg, which are basically equal to the average yield 51.5kg in the whole county. See table 6. The technical measures of delaying the emergence of the silkworm seeds which are already out of stock are successfully adopted, and the key technical breakthrough of the emergency is advanced and experienced.
As can be seen from Table 4, when a comparative test is carried out under the same conditions, the method meets the quality index requirement of the hatching rate of the silkworm eggs, and basically has no difference with the indexes of the yield and the pupa health rate of the normal hatching of the silkworms of 10 d. As can be seen from Table 5, when a comparative test is carried out under the same conditions, the method of the invention meets the quality index requirement of the silkworm hatching rate, and compared with the prior popularization process, the practical hatching rate is improved by 2.1%, the yield of the silkworm is improved by 20.7%, and the pupa strengthening rate is improved by 11.7%.
Table 4 survey comparison table of the present invention and the normal breeding performance and robustness
TABLE 5 survey and comparison table of different process feeding performances and robustness
TABLE 62017 actual achievement table for late autumn silkworm production in Deqing county
Claims (4)
1. The silkworm embryo low-temperature protection and seed-delay process is characterized in that all the embryos reach the self4And stage (3) adopting the temperature of delayed spawning to be 8-12 ℃, the humidity of delayed spawning to be not less than 75%, protecting silkworm spawns for 7 days, delaying spawning, ensuring that no termite is produced, and then hatching after the temperature for supplementing and hastening green is 25 ℃ for at least 12 hours, and hatching the newly hatched silkworms.
2. The process for the cryopreservation of silkworm embryos and the seed delay of claim 1, wherein the seed delay temperature is 9-11 ℃.
3. The process for the cryopreservation of silkworm embryos and the seed delay of claim 1, wherein the seed delay temperature is 10 ℃.
4. The silkworm embryo cryoprotection and seed delay process as claimed in claim 1, wherein the seed delay humidity is 80%.
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| CN112273339B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2022-03-25 | 来宾市农业科学院 | Simple ant collecting method for artificial feed breeding of silkworms |
| CN112913790A (en) * | 2021-03-03 | 2021-06-08 | 德清县莫干天竺蚕种有限责任公司 | Silkworm egg hatching method for summer and autumn silkworm varieties |
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| KR20140108794A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-15 | 삼육대학교산학협력단 | A transformed silkworm revealing adiponectin, and the vector |
| CN110063303A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-07-30 | 成都岷江源药业股份有限公司 | A kind of silkworm egg combination of the medicinal bombyx batryticatus of suitable for producing |
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| CN102106327A (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2011-06-29 | 肖珍治 | Method for comprehensively preventing and curing silkworm diseases |
| CN101911927B (en) * | 2010-09-08 | 2011-09-28 | 江苏民星茧丝绸股份有限公司 | Incubation method for enhancing day hatchability rate of silkworm eggs |
| CN102177874B (en) * | 2011-06-10 | 2012-08-08 | 苏州大学 | Method for detecting embryonic development process of bombyx mori L. eggs |
| CN102754624B (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-10-23 | 如皋市蚕桑技术指导站 | Method for delaying hatching of F1 hybrids of silkworm eggs in hatching |
| CN108477082B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-12-17 | 北京中农富通园艺有限公司 | Method for instantly relieving diapause by heat shock of silkworms and delaying incubation by refrigeration |
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| KR20140108794A (en) * | 2013-02-28 | 2014-09-15 | 삼육대학교산학협력단 | A transformed silkworm revealing adiponectin, and the vector |
| CN110063303A (en) * | 2018-10-17 | 2019-07-30 | 成都岷江源药业股份有限公司 | A kind of silkworm egg combination of the medicinal bombyx batryticatus of suitable for producing |
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Denomination of invention: Low temperature protection and delayed seed emergence technology for silkworm embryo Granted publication date: 20211022 Pledgee: Zhejiang Deqing Rural Commercial Bank Co.,Ltd. Mogan sub branch Pledgor: Deqing Mogan Tianzhu silkworm breeding Co.,Ltd. Registration number: Y2024980008838 |