CN110754400A - Method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries - Google Patents
Method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/17—Hatching, e.g. incubators
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries, which comprises the following steps: arranging rice field eel hatching equipment; obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels: obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels by adopting a bionic breeding method; and (3) fertilized egg treatment: soaking the obtained fertilized eggs of the finless eel in water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution; hatching fertilized eggs: putting the treated fertilized eggs of the finless eels into an incubation barrel, opening the finless eel incubation equipment to enable the fertilized eggs to be in a water spraying state, taking out the fertilized eggs of the finless eels at intervals, soaking the fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution, and putting the fertilized eggs back to the incubation barrel for incubation until all the fertilized eggs are incubated to obtain eel fries; collecting finless eel fries; the invention can improve the full artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries from 3-5% in the prior art to about 95%, realize the large-scale stable production of the finless eel fries and solve the problem of shortage of the finless eel breeding fries.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fishery science application, in particular to a method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries.
Background
Finless eel (Monopterus albus) is one of the special freshwater fishes which are very rapidly cultured and developed in recent years in China, the culture of the finless eel is distributed all over the country, and particularly in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Zhejiang provinces and the like at the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze river, the finless eel culture becomes one of the leading varieties of freshwater aquaculture in the areas.
In the development process of the finless eel breeding industry, the fries are in short supply, and the currently put-in fries are mainly wild finless eel fries. The problem of low cultivation survival rate exists in the production of cultivating wild finless eel fries, the quantity of the finless eel fries cannot meet the requirement of rapid development of the finless eel industry, and manual batch breeding is urgently needed to produce the finless eel fries.
At present, the artificial bionic breeding method is mainly adopted in the production of rice field eel fry breeding, but a full artificial hatching method for breeding and producing most aquatic animals is not adopted, and the main problems are that the incidence rate of the water mold of rice field eel oosperms in the artificial hatching process is as high as more than 95 percent, the hatching rate is only 3-5 percent, and the hatching rate is even 0 percent if the water quality is poor.
The prior art mainly adopts a natural incubation technology under the condition of artificial bionic breeding of eel fries in a paddy field net cage, namely, the eel fries are protected from being incubated under the natural condition by depending on the special anti-adversity function of a bubble membrane which is continuously nested and spitted out when parent finless eels are bred. The management is required to be fine, the fertilized eggs in the hatching process cannot be disturbed, otherwise, the parent eels which are easy to protect the young eat all the fertilized eggs, and eel seedlings cannot be hatched; if the fertilized eggs are separated from the cyst membranes, the hatchability is extremely low, and even most of the eel larvae can not be hatched. Meanwhile, the parent eel has a rejuvenation behavior in the breeding process, if fertilized eggs are disturbed artificially in the inspection of the breeding process of the finless eels or fertilized eggs are disturbed by enemy organisms, the parent eel eats the fertilized eggs in the hatching process or the hatched eel seedlings to the stomach, and the eel seedlings cannot be obtained. And the hatching process is greatly influenced by natural weather conditions, and the production is unstable.
Therefore, the development of a method for improving the artificial hatchability of finless eels is a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for improving the artificial hatchability of finless eel fries, which can improve the total artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries from 3-5% to about 95% in the prior art, realize the large-scale stable production of the finless eel fries, and solve the problem of shortage of finless eel breeding fries.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention aims to provide a method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, arranging finless eel hatching equipment;
step 2, obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels: obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels by adopting a bionic breeding method;
step 4, hatching of fertilized eggs: and putting the treated fertilized eggs of the finless eels into an incubation barrel, opening the finless eel incubation equipment to enable the fertilized eggs to be in a water spraying state, taking out the fertilized eggs of the finless eels at intervals, soaking the fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution, and putting the fertilized eggs back to the incubation barrel for incubation until all the fertilized eggs are incubated to obtain eel fries.
Preferably, in the step 1, the finless eel hatching device comprises a water storage tank, a hatching barrel and a water circulation device; the water circulation device comprises a water inlet main pipe, a water spray pipe and a water discharge pipe, wherein one end of the water inlet main pipe is connected with the reservoir, and the water spray pipe is arranged at the other end of the water inlet main pipe; the water spraying pipe comprises water spraying holes, and the water spraying holes are positioned above the hatching barrel; the center of the bottom of the hatching barrel is provided with a leak hole, and the drain pipe is inserted into the leak hole. Preferably, the spout pipe further includes a control valve for controlling a flow rate and a flow rate of water sprayed from the spout hole. Preferably, the bottom of the hatching barrel extends from the periphery to the direction far away from the center of the bottom of the barrel to form a slope, and the slope of the slope is 3-5 degrees.
Preferably, in the step 2, when artificial bionic breeding is performed in the bionic breeding method, water hyacinth is placed in a bionic breeding finless eel net cage in advance, and if foam spitting nesting of the parent finless eels is found, the water hyacinth is moved to the position above the foam to cover the foam; lifting the water hyacinth when obtaining the fertilized eggs of the finless eel.
Preferably, in the step 3, the concentration of the water-soluble antibacterial peptide in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution is 8-12 g/m3. Preferably, the fertilized eggs of the finless eels are completely submerged and soaked in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution for 20-50 minutes.
Preferably, in the step 4, the hatching barrel keeps a water spraying state during hatching; and taking out the fertilized eggs of the finless eels every 18-30 hours, soaking the fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution for 20-50 minutes, and then putting the fertilized eggs into the hatching barrel for continuous hatching until all the fertilized eggs hatch out finless eels.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the method for improving the artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries, provided by the invention, fertilized eggs are periodically soaked by water-soluble antibacterial peptide to replace the special stress-resistant function of a bubble membrane spitted out by nesting of finless eel parents, and a micro-flowing water circulating type hatching method is used as an auxiliary method, so that the defects in the artificial bionic breeding eel fry hatching process are overcome, the full artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries can be improved to about 95% from 3-5% in the prior art, the large-scale stable production of the finless eel fries can be realized, and the key technical problem of artificial hatching in the finless eel fry breeding is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of finless eel hatching equipment adopted in the method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries provided by the invention; wherein 1, a water reservoir; 2. an incubation barrel; 21. a leak hole; 3. a water circulation device; 31. a water inlet main pipe; 32. a water spray pipe; 321. a water spray hole; 33. and a water discharge pipe.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The method for improving the artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries provided by the embodiment takes the plain region of Jianghan as an example, and comprises the following steps:
manufacturing and installation of finless eel hatching equipment
As shown in fig. 1, the finless eel hatching apparatus comprises a water reservoir 1, a hatching barrel 2 and a water circulation device 3; the water circulation device 3 comprises a water inlet main pipe 31, a water spray pipe 32 and a water discharge pipe 33, wherein one end of the water inlet main pipe 31 is connected with the reservoir 1, and the water spray pipe 32 is arranged at the other end of the water inlet main pipe 31; the water spraying pipe 32 comprises water spraying holes 321 and a control valve (not shown) for controlling the flow rate and flow rate of water sprayed from the water spraying holes, wherein the water spraying holes 321 are positioned above the hatching barrel 2; the center of the bottom of the hatching barrel 2 is provided with a leak hole 21, and the drain pipe 33 is inserted into the leak hole.
Specifically, the water storage tank 1 is built beside a pond with good water quality as a water source, and the bottom of the pond and the top of the hatching barrel 2 are positioned on the same horizontal plane or higher than the top of the hatching barrel 2; the volume of the hatching barrel is more than 2 times of the total volume of the hatching barrel 2; the water source is taken from a water source pool by an electric submersible pump; the reservoir 1 is provided with an automatic control valve, and when the water level of the reservoir is lower than 2/3 of the highest water level of the reservoir, the automatic control valve automatically opens the electric submersible pump to pump water into the reservoir 1;
preferably, the bottom of the hatching barrel 2 extends from the periphery to the direction (downward direction) far away from the center of the bottom of the barrel in a slope shape, and the slope of the slope is 3-5 degrees. The diameter of a leak hole in the center of the bottom of the hatching barrel 2 is 4-5 cm; the above design is convenient for drainage and pollution discharge. Specifically, the hatching barrel 2 in the present embodiment is cylindrical, and the diameter of the hatching barrel 2 made of glass fiber material is 1.0m, and the height thereof is 0.3 m;
preferably, said incubation bucket 2 is plural; the water inlet main pipe in the water circulation system is a PVC pipe with the diameter of 9cm, and each hatching barrel 2 is connected from the bottom of the water storage tank; the water spraying pipe is a PVC pipe with the length of 90cm, the tail end of the water spraying pipe is closed, and fine water spraying holes 321 are drilled on the whole body of the pipe, so that water can be sprayed conveniently; a control valve is arranged on a PVC pipe with the diameter of 4cm, and the flow speed and the flow of water spraying can be controlled through the control valve; the drain pipe inserted into the leak hole at the center of the bottom of the hatching barrel 2 is a PVC pipe, and the length of the pipe is 2/3 the height of the hatching barrel; when the water level of the hatching barrel is higher than the pipe, water naturally overflows from the pipe, and the water level of the hatching barrel can be controlled through the pipe.
Second, obtaining fertilized egg of finless eel
The rice field eel fertilized eggs are obtained by natural mating of rice field eels through artificial bionic breeding.
The method comprises the steps of obtaining natural mating fertilized eggs, placing water hyacinth in a bionic breeding finless eel net box in advance, moving the water hyacinth to the upper side of foam to cover the foam if a parent finless eel spits the foam to nest, enabling the water hyacinth to start to naturally lay eggs and fertilize 2-3 days after nesting, enabling the water hyacinth to see the eel fertilized eggs in the foam nest, and enabling the fertilized eggs to be adhered to roots of the water hyacinth in a lump by the aid of the viscosity of the foam because the foam nest has the viscosity. And (4) taking out the water hyacinth, taking all the fertilized eggs away, and transferring the fertilized eggs into an incubation barrel for incubation.
Thirdly, treatment of fertilized eggs
Before the artificial hatching process, the fertilized eggs need to be treated, and the hatching rate is almost zero if the fertilized eggs are not treated. The treatment method comprises soaking in water-soluble antibacterial peptide. The antibacterial peptide is a product produced by a biological fermentation technology of Shenzhen Shengxi Ma Biotech Limited company, and is produced per m3After 10g of water is prepared with the antibacterial peptide solution, the water hyacinth attached with the fertilized eggs is put into the solution, the fertilized eggs are completely submerged in the medium water, the soaking time is 35 minutes, and then the water hyacinth is transferred into an incubation barrel for incubation.
Fourth, management of incubation process
Before the processed fertilized egg hyacinth adhered to the water hyacinth is put into the hatching barrel, a water spraying pipe valve for water inflow is opened in advance, and the water inflow of the hatching barrel is kept in a water spraying state. 20 pockets of water hyacinth, namely 20 nests of rice field eel fertilized eggs and about 1 ten thousand fertilized eggs, can be placed in the hatching barrel with the diameter of 1 m. And the water hyacinth is reasonably placed, and the water spraying above each water hyacinth is ensured.
During the incubation period, the incubation barrel is filled with water 24 hours a day, the water spraying state is required to be kept, the water hyacinth adhered with fertilized eggs is taken out every 24 hours, and the concentration is 10g/m3Soaking in water solution of antibacterial peptide for 35 min, and placing in a hatching barrel for further hatching.
Five, collection of rice field eel fry
After incubation for 7-10 days at the water temperature of 28-30 ℃, eel fries can be naturally hatched, egg yolk sacs of the eel fries do not disappear and cannot swim smoothly, the eel fries can be attached to root hairs of water hyacinth in a lump, and the eel fries are transferred into an eel fry cultivation box in time to be cultivated.
Example 2
The embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the concentration of the antibacterial peptide solution is different from the soaking time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing and installing the finless eel hatching equipment are the same as the embodiment 1.
Secondly, obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the same way as in the example 1.
Thirdly, treatment of fertilized eggs
Per m3After 8g of water is prepared with the antibacterial peptide solution, the water hyacinth attached with the fertilized eggs is put into the solution, the fertilized eggs are completely submerged in the medium water, the soaking time is 50 minutes, and then the water hyacinth is transferred into an incubation barrel for incubation.
Fourth, management of incubation process
During the incubation period, the incubation barrel is required to keep the water spraying state after water is fed every 24 hours every day, the water hyacinth adhered with fertilized eggs is taken out every 18 hours, and the concentration is 8g/m3Soaking in water solution of antibacterial peptide for 50 min, and placing in a hatching barrel for further hatching.
And fifthly, collecting the finless eel fries in the same way as the example 1.
Example 3
The embodiment is the same as the embodiment 1 except that the concentration of the antibacterial peptide solution is different from the soaking time, and specifically comprises the following steps:
firstly, manufacturing and installing the finless eel hatching equipment are the same as the embodiment 1.
Secondly, obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the same way as in the example 1.
Thirdly, treatment of fertilized eggs
Per m3After 12g of water is prepared with the antibacterial peptide solution, the water hyacinth attached with the fertilized eggs is put into the solution, the fertilized eggs are completely submerged in the medium water, the soaking time is 20 minutes, and then the water hyacinth is transferred into an incubation barrel for incubation.
Fourth, management of incubation process
During the incubation period, the incubation barrel is filled with water 24 hours a day, the water spraying state is required to be kept, the water hyacinth adhered with fertilized eggs is taken out every 30 hours, and the concentration is 12g/m3Soaking in water solution of antibacterial peptide for 20 min, and placing in a hatching barrel for further hatching.
And fifthly, collecting the finless eel fries in the same way as the example 1.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is the same as example 1 except that it is not treated with the antimicrobial peptide solution.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example was carried out without using the antimicrobial peptide solution and the incubation barrel was filled with water without maintaining the water-sprinkling state, and the rest was the same as example 1.
Experimental example 1
The hatchability of the finless eels of examples 1-3 and comparative example 1 was counted as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
As can be seen from the table 1, the method for improving the artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries, provided by the invention, replaces the special anti-adversity function of the bubble membranes spitted out by nesting of finless eel parents by periodically soaking the fertilized eggs with the water-soluble antibacterial peptide, is assisted with a micro-flowing water circulating hatching method, overcomes the defects in the artificial bionic breeding eel fry hatching process, and can improve the total artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries from 3-5% of the comparative example to about 95%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, arranging finless eel hatching equipment;
step 2, obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels: obtaining fertilized eggs of the finless eels by adopting a bionic breeding method;
step 3, fertilized egg treatment: soaking the obtained fertilized eggs of the finless eel in water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution;
step 4, hatching of fertilized eggs: putting the treated fertilized eggs of the finless eels into an incubation barrel, opening the finless eel incubation equipment to enable the fertilized eggs to be in a water spraying state, taking out the fertilized eggs of the finless eels at intervals, soaking the fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution, and putting the fertilized eggs back to the incubation barrel for incubation until all the fertilized eggs are incubated to obtain eel fries;
step 5, collection of the finless eel fries: timely collecting eel fries to separate eel fries from parent eels.
2. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the finless eel hatching equipment comprises a water reservoir, a hatching barrel and a water circulation device; the water circulation device comprises a water inlet main pipe, a water spray pipe and a water discharge pipe, wherein one end of the water inlet main pipe is connected with the reservoir, and the water spray pipe is arranged at the other end of the water inlet main pipe; the water spraying pipe comprises water spraying holes, and the water spraying holes are positioned above the hatching barrel; the center of the bottom of the hatching barrel is provided with a leak hole, and the drain pipe is inserted into the leak hole.
3. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 2, wherein the sprinkler pipe further comprises a control valve for controlling the flow rate and flow of water sprayed from the sprinkler holes.
4. The method for improving the artificial hatchability of the finless eel fries according to claim 2, wherein the bottom of the hatching barrel extends from the periphery to the direction away from the center of the bottom of the barrel to form a slope, and the slope is 3-5 degrees.
5. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when artificial bionic breeding is carried out in the bionic breeding method, water hyacinths are placed in a bionic breeding finless eel net cage in advance, and if foam spitting nests of the parent finless eels are found, the water hyacinths are moved to positions above the foams to cover the foams; lifting the water hyacinth when obtaining the fertilized eggs of the finless eel.
6. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3, the concentration of the water-soluble antibacterial peptide in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution is 8-12 g/m3。
7. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 1, wherein the step 3 is carried out by immersing the finless eel fertilized eggs in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution for 20-50 minutes.
8. The method for improving artificial hatchability of finless eel fries according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the hatching barrel is kept in a water spraying state during hatching; and taking out the fertilized eggs of the finless eels every 18-30 hours, soaking the fertilized eggs of the finless eels in the water-soluble antibacterial peptide solution for 20-50 minutes, putting the fertilized eggs into the hatching barrel for continuous hatching until all the fertilized eggs are hatched, and transferring to a finless eel fry breeding stage.
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